Contusion of finger on the hand, foot, thumb, index, hands, feet, strong. The symptoms of fracture, treatment, what to do if you do not bend, swollen. First aid ointment

Contusion of thumb - a closed injury to the soft tissue injury only. It can occur in the arm or leg. Injury is characterized by severity and location of its origin. It is important to be able to independently determine the injury a simple injury or a fracture is present. A correctly and quickly this assistance will help the finger quickly return to normal.

Classification bruised fingers and toes of injury localization

Before providing assistance, a bruise, you need to determine what part of the finger is injured. Other damaged areas characterized by different complications (discharge of the nail, a dislocated finger fracture).

There are several types of injury to the finger localization:

• damage phalanx;
• bruised joint between the phalanges;
• joint injury between Phalanx and brush / foot;
• Combined injury. It combines the injury of several phalanxes in conjunction with the joint.

Bluish space injury may occur immediately, but only on the 2nd or 3rd day. And to redden and swell immediately, and can be located near areas. This often makes it difficult to localize the formulation of the injury.

Classification according to the degree of injury

Contusion of finger on the hand is characterized by varying degrees of severity. It depends on how badly injured in the process of injury soft tissue and tendon.

Damage to the finger can be expressed in 4 forms:

1. 1st severity. Slightly damaged skin, slight scratches. Pain at the site of injury is virtually nonexistent. Edema is not marked. Trauma healing 4 days, medical assistance is not required.
2. 2nd severity. Muscle injury occurs. At the site of injury occurs swelling and pain. There is a small hematoma. Injury heals in 7-9 days. You can do without the help of a specialist.
3. 3rd severity. Damaged muscles, ligaments, tendons. Swelling touches and located near areas. Extensive hematoma may spread into the tissues. Finger movement is limited. Perhaps the presence of dislocation. Need help trauma. Healing the damage occurs in 2-3 weeks.
4. 4th severity. Muscles, tendons and ligaments can be injured not only their rupture can occur. Unbearable pain for several hours. Swelling develops quickly and can cover the entire limb. Hematoma can have color from dark blue to black. finger wiggling not possible. There may be a fracture. Urgent appeal to the traumatologist. Bruise heals up to 1 month.

Severity depends on the impact strength, the state of blood vessels, ligaments and tendons. To eliminate cracks, fractures and dislocations at the 2nd and 3rd gravity must attend trauma. Improper bone joint or tendon recovery may disrupt finger mobility.

Causes of

Damage to the muscles and ligaments in the finger is the result of the impact. Their clamps in between the subject and the bone. This disrupts the integrity of tissues and blood vessels.

Get bruised in several ways:

• the fall. As a result, a person puts hands forward, to protect the body from injury. As a result, injured fingers;
• blow of a blunt object or a blunt object. A person can be knocked on the door, a table leg or a fall from a height on the finger a hard object;
• long holding heavy objects;
• poor safety conditions at work, at home, or a bad warm-up before exercise;
• clamp finger between two objects.

Most personal injury placed children and the elderly. In children, muscle tissue, ligaments, and blood vessels are still being formed, and therefore weak. In the elderly, the fabric already lost elasticity and firmness, they are easily susceptible to injury with small bumps.

Symptoms of a finger injury

Contusion of finger on the hand can be recognized by characteristic symptoms. On them also determine the degree of injury. When the 1st and 2nd degree symptoms do not so pronounced as in the 3rd and 4th.

The following changes have been observed after hitting a finger:

• swollen finger. Swelling is possible both at the site of injury and at adjacent sites;
• It is bleeding. Blood may be outside if there were scratches;
• due to internal damage to the blood vessels in the finger felt the pulsation, in some cases it can be seen visually;
• internal bleeding occurs at the place of injury redness followed bluish (possibly to the black and blue). As the healing hematoma will change color. After blue green tint appears. By healing the damaged area on the finger turns yellow.
• finger loses mobility. Stirring is painful or impossible to lift a finger;
• with pressure on the place of injury or the touch, will feel severe pain. If the injury is serious, the pain will be present all the time, without touching;
• if damaged finger near the fingernail, hematoma available under the plate or its complete discharge of (depending on the severity of injury).

When the brightest manifestations of signs, especially when visualized by displacement of the finger bone, it is necessary to apply to the traumatologist.

Also need to consult a doctor if delayed to come down hematoma as possible necrosis of tissues. To clarify there is just a bruise or a fracture is present, it is necessary to do an X-ray.

Bruising or fracture - how to distinguish?

If damaged finger in the first place to identify, if not provoked a bruised bone fracture. Open fracture can be diagnosed quickly because the bone can protrude from the wound. Closed bone damage or the presence of cracks in them, is not always possible to identify yourself.

Features a closed fracture of the strong injury:

finger state changes	Injury	fracture	notes
puffiness	It appears not earlier than in 5-8 hours. After the appearance is not further increased.	It occurs within 10 minutes and may be increased until the fracture has healed. Distribution takes place on a more extensive area	If the damaged finger raised above the level of the body, the swelling begins to subside a bruise. At the turn of the tumor does not change in size or vice versa will increase.
Hematoma	Skin discoloration occurs with the appearance of redness, cyanosis appears in 10-14 hours	Hematoma appears immediately and can immediately find the blue or black and blue. Size Distribution can increase to fracture healing	At the turn of the hematoma subsides only when the bones grow together damaged. Prior to their recovery, they will injure the tip vessels, causing further internal bleeding.
Pain	Depending on the injury pain can be severe, but even when the severity of the 4th degree, pain will decline over night. I will only occur when pressure is applied to the sore spot	The pain is very strong, sometimes not without pain medication. But they do not always help. It does not take even on the 3rd and 4th day. Intensifies when you try wiggling your finger. Even a slight touch causes a sharp pain.	If a strong contusion (4th degree) pain is also very strong. Therefore, in this case, the pain symptom is not a clear sign of a breakthrough in the early days. At wrong intergrowth bone after fracture, pain perturbation may occur when a finger or with a heavy load on him
Mobility	The mobility of the finger is limited, as the injured muscles. Wiggling fingers only prevents swelling. During healing, mobility is quickly restored	It is impossible to make a move, as there is a sharp and severe pain. The sharp edges of the bone affects the nerves and prevent perturbations. Sometimes, on the contrary there is an unnatural mobility finger can bend in different directions. This can occur not only because of the fracture, but also strong muscle strain	In the course of the fracture can be severely injured muscles and nerve endings. After healing can occur in the movement restriction
crunching bones	Extraneous sounds when probing finger is not observed	At the time of the injury and during the inspection may be heard crunching finger	Crunch is a clear sign finger dislocation or fracture
Changing the length of a finger	The finger may increase in volume due to swelling	It may be a change finger length. Because of the fracture it may be lengthened or shortened, depending on how badly damaged the bone	—
skin damage	At only scrapes and scratches can be observed skin	There may be a violation of the integrity of the skin. With an open fracture of the bone may protrude from the wound	—
Sensitivity	Sometimes maybe a little numbness in the finger, if there is damage or a pinched nerve	Possible loss of sensation is not only a finger but the whole hand or foot. Bone fragments can severely injure the nerve endings	At the wrong bone healing can be pinched or damaged nerve, therefore the sensitivity can not return to some areas of the finger.
medical care	It required at the 3rd and 4th degree of injury severity	We need urgent help trauma	—

In people older injuries are often accompanied by fractures. Therefore it is necessary even with minor injuries contact a specialist to rule out fracture. Important. When the finger injury is not recommended to try to move them constantly. Since the presence of bone fracture can occur offset, as well as crumbs from it can injure nerves and muscles.

First aid

When a finger injury plays an important role proper first aid. Treat the injury finger on the hand and provide the rest, much easier than on foot. assistance procedure before resorting to the traumatologist, the same for the fingers and toes.

They include the following:

• immediately after the injury with an injured hand removed rings and bracelets, with legs removed his shoes and socks. Then remove them would be difficult;
• to prevent fracture can try to lift a finger, and more of it is not alarming;
• It is necessary to ensure peace itself is of course desirable that it occupies a position above the level of the body. Under the arm or leg is placed a soft cushion of blankets;
• with severe injuries STOP / brush to fix. Since unnecessary traffic is not desirable;
• damaged finger must be cooled using a cold water heaters. Keep no more than 5-7 minutes. Repeat this procedure after 45 minutes. This will reduce the pain and swelling;
• in the presence of scratches, they are treated with hydrogen peroxide. We should not apply pressure to the damaged area;
• if there are no scratches, the skin to be treated with iodine. He cleans the sore place;
• unless explicitly excluded displaced fracture, then the damaged finger you can apply a pressure bandage. This will reduce the swelling as well as to the site of injury will decrease the number of the incoming blood and bruise will not be large. But the bandage should not be too tight. Blood must flow to the finger;
• damaged a finger to fix the healthy with the help of bandage or elastic bandage;
• if the injury came in the area of ​​the nail, and it is injured, it is necessary to fix the patch or bandage, to appeal to the traumatologist;
• when severe pain to the victim is allowed to take painkillers.

If the injury is not strong, it is sufficient to treat properly the assistance provided.

Further handle body itself. In severe injuries, it is necessary to provide assistance to the arrival of an ambulance or a visit to the trauma center. Ointments and pills are appointed traumatologist after inspection.

Follow-up treatment

After first aid, with severe injuries requiring additional treatment. It assigns trauma. Without consultation can harm bruised finger. Only a doctor can rule out a fracture and dislocation.

To continue treatment assigned:

• after getting damaged following 3 days of applying cold to injury. The procedure takes less than 5 minutes and is repeated every 4-5 hours. Chill is prohibited for people suffering from diabetes;
• on the fourth day on the finger you need to start acting a warm (iodine mesh, warm hot water bottle, light blue). It will quickly dissolve hematoma, an increased amount of fresh blood will speed up the recovery process;
• replace the heat can be salty trays. To do this in warm water (2 L) to dissolve 60 g of salt. During the procedure, you can move a little finger to improve blood circulation. The procedure can not be performed if there are unhealed bruises on the skin;
  
• finger on the recovery period should be fixed, bandage imposes trauma every 3-4 days;
• if under the nail has accumulated a lot of blood, and it does not resolve, the surgeon can Blutwurst pumped liquid;
• when severe pain can be used analgesics (analgin, aspirin, phenacetin);
• swelling can decrease inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, nimesulide);
• to accelerate tissue repair appointed vitamins and multivitamin means (komplivit, aktovegin, vitamin E);
• function tablet medicines and ointments can be replaced by folk remedies (more will be itemized below) recommended their own choice;
• physiotherapy and accelerate the absorption of hematoma and finger rehabilitation. They are appointed by trauma or therapist.

In severe injuries, treatment should be under the control of the trauma. If the pain or bruising begin to decline at the fifth day (worse if the increase), then was lost or broken assigned incorrect treatment. This should inform your doctor.

Ointment for bruises

Contusion of finger on the hand can be eliminated with the help of ointments. They can pick up on their own, but it is better to consult a traumatologist.

Compared with the tablet formulation ointments have the advantages of:

• they immediately begin to act in place of injury and even penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin, the effect observed after 10-20 minutes;
• do not irritate and does not harm the gastrointestinal organs;
• quickly relieve swelling, inflammation and bruising.

If you choose the treatment with ointments, it is necessary to determine what kind of tool you need:

1. cooling. They need to be applied to the damaged area with a thick layer, without further rubbing. Known ointment: lidocaine; gevkamen; menthol; olfen.
   
2. warming. They can be used on the fourth day after the injury. Since these ointments may cause an allergic reaction, it is necessary before use to test for sensitivity. Ointments: Kapsikam; finalgon; Miauton; Viprosal.
3. painkillers. Effective in the first few days after receiving the injury, they are useless in the healing. Ointments can be addictive, so long use is contraindicated. Ointments: Nise; ketonal; diclofenac; long.
4. healing. Help to relieve inflammation and swelling. Ointments: Nurofen; diclofenac; ibuprofen; indometsin.
5. absorbable. Promote the resorption of hematomas. It can be applied to the skin up to the complete disappearance of bruising. Ointments: lioton; troksevazin; heparin; bruise off.
6. combined. They can dissolve hematoma remove swelling and possess the warming / cooling effect. Ointments: Dolobene; Fastum gel; voltaren; indovazin.

It is important to decide what kind of ointment need, their joint application is contraindicated. The components that make up the ointments may not be combined with each other. It is also possible severe skin irritation. With strong bruises need to complete treatment, only ointments to restore the functioning of the finger is not possible.

Folk remedies for compresses and lotions

Traditional means effective in small bruises or in combination with a complex treatment. When combined with medication therapy about their compatibility is better to check with trauma.

Traditional recipes:

• mashed boiled potatoes and raw onions relieve swelling, and accelerates the process of resorption of bruises. For applying the mixture to the site of injury must be wrapped in gauze or fine fabric;
  
• a solution of water, vinegar and oil (taken in equal proportions) helps recovery reduces swelling. Used to impose a compress to the finger;
• Fresh cabbage leaf helps resorption of hematomas. It should wrap the damaged finger. Sheet should be changed after 3-5 hours;
• plantain juice (sold in pharmacies) or leaves, remove the pain and disinfect. When using juice compresses. If the leaf of a plant is taken, it should be fixed on the patient's finger;
• solution of salts (40-50 g), sodium (30-40 g) and 5.10 ml of water. Mush put on the place of injury. Used to restore the finger efficiency and accelerate blood circulation;
• Vishnevsky ointment resolves hematoma, speeding up recovery.

Folk remedies can be used in combination with each other, most importantly to maintain the time between applications. When the skin irritation, the tool is canceled.

Prediction of treatment and possible complications

Bruises first and second degree of gravity rarely complications. Joint mobility is restored after the removal of swelling and bruising. For bruises 3rd and 4th degree, if not all of the recommendations of trauma (rest, the use of ointments and physiotherapy) is the desired treatment or are not met, then may develop complications.

Possible pathology in improper treatment of:

• residual hematoma underneath the nail with possible detachment of the nail plate;
• penetration of infection in the area of ​​injury;
• zagnoenie place of injury;
• partial loss of sensitivity of the finger;
• constant pain due to pinched nerve;
• partial mobility of the finger;
• necrosis of tissues finger;
• muscle atrophy with complete loss of mobility.
• bleeding into the joint area.

Therefore, doctors recommend not to delay treatment for serious injuries and to avoid self-medication. Otherwise, a simple contusion over the amputation of a finger, in the complicated version of the deprivation of the foot or hand.

Damage to the nail plate

Contusion of finger on the hand often falls on the phalanx with a nail plate. As a result, under it develops a large hematoma may damage the nail itself. Before calling to the traumatologist must be injured fingernail along the edges, treat with iodine and fix on the finger using the bandage, even if the nail plate almost walked away from the phalanx.

When to increment may still incomplete discharge of the nail plate back.

For this eliminates all trauma infection and blood, with subungual area, and firmly fixes the finger plate. If engraftment occurs and the body perceives as a nail dead material, it is advisable to remove. Also, the plate is removed, if there is a risk of bearing damage getting infections.

After removal of the nail, the new nail plate grows for 2-6 months. It depends on how long the finger will recover from injury, body condition and age. Initially, the nail will be wavy, but it will level over time. The nail may peel off if there is an excessive amount of blood and a hematoma does not resolve under him, but on the contrary increases.

There is an infringement of the nail supply, and it is rejected. So if you have a long hematoma is necessary, as quickly as possible, visit the trauma. For the removal of blood, in the plate is a plurality of openings, and the blood comes out. Next, place of injury and disinfected finger tight bandage is applied.

hemarthrosis

A bruise blood from damaged blood vessels can get into the finger joint. If it will not dissolve and begin to accumulate there, it will begin to develop hemarthrosis. This complication is more common in people with poor blood clotting. They even dangerous contusion first degree. Therefore, they must apply to the traumatologist at the slightest injury.

When hemarthrosis inflamed joint begins to grow in size, and the finger is shaped like a ball.

Wiggling fingers brings a lot of pain. For small amounts of blood, the disease can go on their own. A large gathering of blood need to be removed by puncture and further overlaying a tight bandage.

thumb bruise is not a trifling injury. Improper treatment of dangerous complications up to amputation. If damaged finger arm or leg, it is necessary initially to provide proper care and strictly follow the treatment that assigns trauma.

Author of the article: Svetlana Kotlyachkova

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the injury finger on the hand

How to quickly relieve pain after thumb injury: