Cytomegalovirus. What is it in children, symptoms are transmitted infections, consequences, treatment, tablets

Cytomegalovirus in children - quite common disease of viral etiology that is it and what are the areas of its defeat, consider further.

The causes of cytomegalovirus

The causes of the disease are directly dependent on infection pathways. The virus does not manifest itself simultaneously to activate it must pass a lot of time (on average, about 2 months).

During the incubation period, the virus has no symptoms and does not cause human discomfort. It appears after the occurrence of provoking factors: hypothermia or stress.

How is cytomegalovirus?

Considering in more detail the way the emergence of the virus, noted 2 possible ways of infection:

1. Children's age - from mother to child.
2. From 3 to 30 years - domestic and sexual way.

Cytomegalovirus can not exist outside the human body to become infected, you need a close contact with its support.

Modes of transmission of the virus:

• by biological fluids (blood, breast milk, urine, secretion from the genital organs, semen, saliva);
• during everyday communication (cough, common utensils, clothing);
• during transplantation or blood transfusion;
• from the mother through the placenta or during childbirth.

The most vulnerable to the virus pregnant women, the body which is very sensitive to infections outside. disease development occurs rather quickly, which is fraught with complications, both during pregnancy and for the baby.

Symptoms of cytomegalovirus in children

Depending on the type of CMV infection likely release its symptoms:

Neonatal infection:

1. If it happens in the first trimester of pregnancy, a high probability of a child with different disabilities in the development (heart, brain). Virus appears as follows:

• decreased muscle tone;
• general weakness;
• lack of restful sleep;
• problems in metabolizing food.

1. When the infection in the last trimester of pregnancy, the risk of malformations is much lower. The manifestations are:

• yellowness of the baby;
• hemolytic anemia type;
• hydrocephalus.

Acquired cytomegalovirus (rarely seen before, as long as the immune system is active):

1. Weak immune system shows such symptoms of the virus:

• cold;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• rhinitis.

1. In the presence of chronic immunodeficiency disorders are identified by:

• heart and blood vessels;
• nervous system;
• gastrointestinal;
• the urogenital area.

How dangerous cytomegalovirus?

Having understood that it is worth noting that cytomegalovirus in children such dangerous consequences:

• the occurrence of future hearing problems;
• mental retardation;
• deviation neurological system;
• for prenatal infection may impair the correct development of the brain, eye and ear.

Healthy children are in for a long time to wear a the virus without any symptoms and abnormality in the body's systems. But sooner or later it makes itself felt.

types of cytomegalovirus

Depending on the transmission paths, and virus infection, is characterized by its species, which are different symptoms and clinical manifestations.

Congenital

Congenital cytomegalovirus, what it is in children, can occur if it will give the child's mother in the womb.

This is a rather dangerous kind of flowing without any symptoms. Only 5-7% of newborns can be detected some signs of the presence of the virus and development.

The manifestations of the virus:

• small hemorrhages on the body;
• yellowness of the skin;
• premature birth;
• delay growth and development within the womb;
• signs of encephalitis;
• inflammation of the retina;
• pneumonia;
• hydrocephalus;
• microcephaly;
• lesion of the genitourinary system;
• about ¼ of all infections are fatal.

This method of acquiring the virus is the most common. The virus in the body of the pregnant woman ensures the development of disease in the child in 99% of cases. Experts note that the body is weakened by pregnancy, it has no antibodies to cytomegalovirus. Last easily crosses the placenta and cheroz it to the child.

Slightly less than problem is the acquisition of the virus to the child during birth or through breast breast milk.

Acquired

This type of spread of the virus suggests common transmission scheme as a means of domestic relations, and just from person to person. Experts note that the acquisition of the virus has almost no great harm on the body of the child, due to the lack of influence on its development.

As a rule, the child can be confusing for the following symptoms:

• hypersomnia;
• apathy to everything going on;
• general prostration;
• temperature rise;
• stomach ache;
• a complete lack of appetite;
• during the inspection, you can see the size of enlarged tonsils and lymph nodes;
• redness in the throat area.

Diagnose the presence of a child cytomegalovirus difficult, due to the fact that its symptoms do not have a clear clinical picture and can be confused with the common cold.

Average for cytomegalovirus

Depending on the age at which a child is infected, differ for cytomegalovirus. Experts classify the 3 forms:

1. Acute - in infants.
2. Subacute - children under the age of 2 years.
3. Chronic - in children aged 2 to 3 years.

neonates

Figuring out the signs of cytomegalovirus in children and that it is all about, it is worth noting that these may differ depending on the state of the immune system of the child. In infants immunity has not been established, because of this virus for causing such symptoms:

• edema of the respiratory system and, as a consequence, cyanosis of the skin cover;
• rashes on the body;
• high temperature indicators;
• the presence of inflammation in the roto - and nasopharynx.

Once symptoms appear, the doctor-neonatologist takes the baby tested for the presence of virus in the blood. In the case of confirmation of the suspicion - the child immediately begins to receive therapy after 2 weeks start to disappear symptoms resembling a cold.

Complicated course of the disease is manifested in the newborn:

• feverish condition;
• mononucleosis;
• tonsillitis.

Children under one year

Children who are infected with CMV after the neonatal period, it is much easier to carry the disease. Almost no symptoms is not observed, it may sometimes be signs of a classic acute respiratory infection.

The disease is accompanied by the appearance:

• pain in the muscles and joints;
• increase in size of cervical lymph nodes;
• sluggish and drowsy state;
• slight fever.

The acute phase in children under 1 year lasts from a few weeks to 2 months, but notice it is not always possible for. It is important to remember that all the symptoms of the presence of virus must go through a couple of months, otherwise, require further specialist advice.

Children from year to 7 years

Cytomegalovirus in children aged 1 to 7 years old, is a disease that it is quite difficult to identify. Its main course is the presence of nasal or tonsillar infections. Experts identify such signs of the virus:

• cough;
• rhinitis and the associated nasal congestion;
• temperature rise;
• spots in the form of a red rash on the body;
• sore throat when eating and swallowing;
• an increase in the inguinal, submandibular, cervical and axillary lymph nodes;
• pain in different areas of the abdomen (from an enlarged spleen and liver);
• yellowness skin and eye sclera.

In older children

Almost 90-95% of all cases of infection with cytomegalovirus infection in preschool or adolescence are asymptomatic. these symptoms may occur very rarely:

• changes in body temperature;
• appearance of rhinitis;
• the disappearance of appetite;
• increase in the size of lymph nodes;
• stomach ache;
• sometimes develop symptoms similar to the symptoms of hepatitis C (increase of hepatic enzymes, and yellowing of the skin);
• the occurrence of pneumonia, which can be diagnosed only after an X-ray of the lungs.

There are cases when the infection cytomegalovirus taken for colds, is treated independently. Doing this is impossible, it is important to time to see a doctor. Normally, the acute phase of the disease (referred mononucleosis) proceeds for 60 days. After that, the symptoms go completely, but there may be occasional relapses.

diagnosis of cytomegalovirus

To identify the presence of CMV child can, using such methods:

1. PCR studies of blood, saliva and urine.
2. Investigation of the biological material on serology, detect antibodies to the virus.
3. Conducting blood count (only works in conjunction with the methods 1 and 2). On disease may indicate a decrease in platelet count and increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Early diagnosis guarantees cure speed. In addition, there are cases when the patient is not shown therapy.

localization of the virus

Cytomegalovirus embed feature has its own DNA into human cells, due that there are problems with energy metabolism, minimization processes of cell division and growth in the size cells. This is especially pronounced in the salivary glands and red blood cells are affected neurons and renal vessels and channels.

Localization cytomegalovirus determines the nature of the possible complications, as well as options for symptoms of the disease:

• rhinitis;
• enterocolitis;
• hepatitis;
• immunodeficiency;
• sclerosis;
• arthritis;
• inflammation of the bladder;
• dementia;
• loss of vision or hearing.

cytomegalovirus treatment

Knowing exactly what it is - cytomegalovirus in children need to understand that getting rid of it will not work. The virus remains forever in the human body, it is activated in moments of reducing the work of immunity. Therefore, the mainstay of therapy is to strengthen the body's immune system.

preparations

It should be noted that prenatal treatment of the virus is not carried out. The only thing you can do is to conduct stimulating and strengthening the immune system of pregnant women. For this purpose, apply Dibazol Tsitotekt or occasional -. Antiviral agents.

Babies who have found cytomegalovirus infection, conduct therapy with interferon containing:

• neovir;
• leukinferon;
• Tsitotekt;
• Tsitoven.

Select the dosage should be a specialist, self-medication or drug is discontinued fraught with the emergence of serious health problems in the baby.

Children aged 3 months appoint more trick:

• antihistamines;
• antipyretic agents;
• vasoconstrictors.

For the treatment of the virus are also used:

1. physiotherapy:

• UHF;
• mud wraps;
• massage.

1. Admission of antiviral drugs, which penetrate into the affected cells and inhibit the activity of viral DNA:

• Zovirax;
• Viroleks;
• acyclovir;
• Valaciclovir (has an advantage over other preparations due to the high, more than 70% bioavailability);
• Ganciclovir (different active influence of cytomegalovirus, and oppresses him more than 80% of cases. Has a high toxicity);
• Foscarnet (used in the case when the previous preparation has no proper exposure). The drug gives good results if administered intravenously him - he bioavailable 100%.

Folk remedies

Unlike some other diseases, traditional remedies in the treatment of cytomegalovirus actively appointed doctors. Active active ingredients have a tendency to suppress the virus and to promote the production of antibodies by the body.

Common fees that help in the treatment of cytomegalovirus:

1. To mix in equal proportions (50 oz.): Bare root licorice, alder cones, levzei, chamomile flowers, tick trefoil, series. All this is thoroughly mixed. Collection pour boiling water (500ml), and leave to infuse for a day (it is best to do it in a thermos). After straining means must be taken every day, four times a day for 60 ml. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
2. You can mix these herbs (in the amount of 2 tablespoons each): root primrose, violets three-color flowers, the leaves of the plantain, birch and nettle, fennel seeds. After thorough mixing, you need to take about 30 grams. and pour the resulting collection of 500 ml of boiling water. Infuse this fee is necessary in a thermos, or wrapping it warm clothes, for 12 hours. The tool then you need to strain and drink three times a day for ¼ cup. Duration of the course is determined by the attending physician, depending on the severity of the disease.
3. Other effective means - red rowan. It is necessary to make 1 tbsp 1 liter of berries with 600 ml of boiling water. After a 2-hour infusion, means need to filter and can be consumed before bedtime 250 ml. Drink infusion to within a month, every day a new batch brewing.
4. To improve the immunity is not superfluous to apply Echinacea solution. Preparing it this way:

• minced 1 tbsp grass;
• grass pour 0.5 liters of boiling water;
• let stand for 10 hours;
• through gauze;
• drink daily before meals with 150 ml of 1 times. Accepted for 3 weeks.

1. Can dissolve daily 1 hour. l. pollen, for 2 weeks.
2. Good help in the treatment of cytomegalovirus this collection: mixed herb St. John's wort, lemon balm, rose hips, viburnum and marigold flowers. Then pour 2 cups of boiling water 2 tablespoons herb mixture and leave for 1 hour. After straining the drink can be consumed three times a day for a third cup. Admission infusion should be continued for 2 weeks.

Possible complications and consequences

Cytomegalovirus left without medical attention, could lead to such effects:

• inflammatory diseases of the retina;
• defeat the placenta of a pregnant woman and the fetus;
• the threat of miscarriage or probability of a dead child's birth;
• for newborns - is the threat of loss of hearing, sight and other abnormalities in the development of many organs and systems;
• brain edema;
• the defeat of the internal organs;
• hepatitis occurrence.

It is important to define what it is cytomegalovirus in children, understand what the remission of the disease without attention can lead to death. It is therefore important timely diagnosis of the disease and timely therapy is started.

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