Concussion in a child. Symptoms and treatment, how to identify signs of up to 1 year of age and older. How to check the temperature, vomiting, pupils. What to do at home, First aid

Concussion - a brain injury, tissue injury, as a result of aggressive mechanical impact on the head. In medical practice, it is classified as light injury cranial part of the head. Among all the possible damage this body portion tremor is the most common one.

Symptoms of concussion easiest to overcome without heavy medication. Often a bruise occurs in children, especially those involved in sports activities, or just fidgets.

What is a concussion

Concussion - a consequence of the brain of the body hitting the wall of the skull box. Occurs serious stretching nerve endings, while maintaining the integrity of the vessels. Trauma does not entail drastic changes in brain structure.

The main brain protection function is performed by the bones of the skull. They have a certain degree of elasticity, as can a little deformed, but did not break. Inside the skull is a liquid called cerebrospinal fluid. She washes the brain tissue. From this it follows that between the body and the bone there is a certain gap.

When you shake the brain tissue gets hit with liquid, ie liquor injury.

In addition, there, where he was struck, a few bones are deformed, causing additional physical damage to the brain. In other words, the body simply gets a bruise, tissue damage, striking the own protective shell - the skull.

Blood flows initially cast from the affected area, and then with the same intensity is poured into the injured area. Produced strong swelling, bruising occurs seriously increases the pressure within the cranium.

The dangerous concussion

Such trauma to the head can lead to a number of pathologies and unpleasant consequences. Most often, the injury affects the nervous system of the body, has a negative impact on overall health.

Identify several major adverse consequences:

1. Braking development of mental, motor and motor skills in children.
2. Bleeding in the brain (often small and uncritical, but this condition is dangerous and requires constant supervision of a pediatrician).
3. Problems with memory and Treating information.
4. Complications in pronunciation, incoherent speech, stammering and inability to formulate a complete sentence.
5. Systematic occurrence of migraines.
   
6. Loss of consciousness.
7. Partial or complete blindness in consequence of lesions of the frontal lobe of the brain.
8. Seizures, apnea, seizures, asthmatic character.

The causes of concussion

Concussion in a child, the symptoms of which are sometimes hard to recognize at once, may be due to many factors. The main cause of cerebral tissue injury is injury caused by abrupt displacement body side of the cranial bones, or vice versa - a sudden change in position relative to the cranium brain.

The source of such a critical situation may be:

• The fall.
• Accident (body stops abruptly in a collision, while most agencies not fixed strongly and continues to move).
• Acquisition of injury during the game.
• Incorrect execution of Exercise.
• Injuries suffered in a fight.

severity

Like any other painful condition of the human body, concussion has different degrees of severity, depending on the force with which the damage of the affected areas of the brain has been applied, the total area of ​​damaged tissues.

GRANTS 3 main groups:

Power	symptomatology
1	The state of health of the patient confused as it may be somewhat incoherent but generally understandable. State of amnesia occurs. Memory may be partially missing for some time (often no more than 2 hours), but then always returned. In addition, there is a loss of consciousness for a period of up to one hour.
2	Reason appears blurred. It injured person incoherent, it can not be dismantled. An interesting fact is that at this stage more often than not there is a loss of consciousness. In this case, often the patient is suffering from amnesia. It is possible that over time the memory will return.
3	Loss of consciousness. Partial or complete amnesia, in which fragments that fell from the consciousness of the victim, never to return to the memory. Often there are speech disorders, to correct which require assistance of a psychologist and a speech therapist. In the future, perhaps a developmental disorder, a mental condition, migraine.

Symptoms of concussion in infants

concussion in a child, the symptoms of which can be disastrous for a newborn, you need to carefully track and quickly resolve.

It is important to understand the fact that children up to 1 year more often concussion does not manifest itself in a clear symptoms.

But there are features such as:

1. Systematic vomiting.
2. No loss of consciousness.
3. Constant nausea.
4. Regurgitation of milk or a mixture of mom when trying to feed her baby.
5. Paleness of the skin.
6. Anxiety, moods and crying for no apparent reason.
7. Child constantly sleepy.
8. No appetite.
9. Sleep restless, jerky.

Symptoms in children of different ages

Immediately after the occurrence of the injury, the child says his condition is satisfactory, but then he abruptly becomes bad. The main symptoms manifests itself within a few hours after injury tissues.

Depending on their age, children react to his injuries in different ways. There are four main age categories, depending on which will be different manifestations of the injury.

Category	symptoms
1 - 3 years	The lack of a distinct symptoms, nausea and constant urge to vomit. Regurgitation. Pale epidermis. Restlessness. Hypersomnia. Reluctance to take food. Poor quality of sleep.
36 years	In some cases, there is a loss of consciousness. Vomiting, rapid or too slow pulse, unstable blood pressure, increased sweating. At the same time often have sleep disorders, moody state, tearfulness.
Pupils	Loss of consciousness, temporary amnesia, incoherent speech. The occurrence of headaches, recurrent nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. Depressed, unstable mental condition.
Teenagers	Partial or complete amnesia, loss of consciousness, incoherent speech, a temporary violation of the standard of conduct, sudden mood swings. Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. Headaches that are able to develop into a systemic migraine.

Sometimes after brain injury in children and adolescents may be a so-called post-traumatic syndrome, blindness.

A similar phenomenon begins its rapid growth immediately after a concussion, maintains a permanent condition in the interval ranging from several minutes to 3 hours, and then disappears without third-party intervention. Scientists still have not figured out the cause of such abnormalities.

First aid

According to the recommendations of pediatricians, first aid at a concussion during the 30 minutes after the injury reduces the risk of complications by more than half. It is very important for Organ state rate at which the therapeutic action will be taken to refer to the skilled person.

List of key actions:

1. Eliminate the possibility of sudden movements of the child. The additional movement can lead to aggravation of existing symptoms and the appearance of the critical situation - suffocation multiple loss of consciousness, clouding reason.
2. It is very important not to take any drugs before the arrival of the doctor! Children's bodies react to such interference is particularly acute.
3. A person must be put on a flat and cushioned surface so that the head is slightly above the level of the body.
4. Damage to the place you need to make something cool. This will reduce the pain, rule out the possibility of further proliferation of hematoma.
   
5. It is necessary to provide fresh air in the room.
6. If the patient is unconscious, put him on the right side. In this case, the arms and legs on the left side should be placed in the position of 90 degrees, head forward to the ground. Thanks to this arrangement excludes the possibility of choking vomiting, fresh air freely into the lungs.

Diagnostics

brain concussion of the child (the symptoms of which vary depending on the age of the patient group) has the characteristic features of the diagnosis. Depending on the nature and severity of the injury, the child's need to show the different doctors. With mild injuries to the victim need to be examined by a pediatrician.

The procedure includes the examination surface, filling health card, pressure measurement and pulse rate, heart rate.

If you find a violation in the work of the nervous system after passing the local doctor, the child receives a referral to a neurologist. There he held a comprehensive inspection for the presence of abnormalities in the psychological development and the prerequisites for the emergence of such a disease.

In order to cope with the problems caused due to damage of the front, the victim will need advice and help Laura, a dentist and a surgeon. To help the surgeon or trauma surgeon should also be addressed when the injury falls on the back of the head, as in such cases there is a risk of indirect injury of the spinal card.

Depending on the degree of severity of the injury will be assigned:

• massage;
• bed rest;
• gypsum;
• bandage or operation.

Concussion often causes complications hearing. If the shot hit the region of the temporal lobe or ear, you must visit an otolaryngologist. In a situation where the eyes are damaged and the surrounding areas, you need to consult an eye specialist and undergo a series of tests to determine the health of the optic nerve.

Treatment

In a situation when your child has a brain injury, it is often not sufficient merely superficial examination. But there are a number of studies that help doctors to more accurate diagnosis and to exclude third-party development of disease.

When the X-ray and CT scan showed a brain concussion, the problem can be solved with medication. Upon detection of traumatic injuries - cerebral department bed mode at least be observed for 3 weeks, take prescribed medication, within half a year to consult regularly with the pediatrician, neurologist and surgeon.

Subtleties, accelerating the healing process:

• In order to prevent re-occurrence of swelling of the damaged area, a physician can prescribe diuretics acceptance.
• To stimulate blood flow and circulation to establish an internal need to take medications nootropic composition.
  
• If you want to remove the excessive irritability and hyperactivity after suffering a stress, allowed the adoption of the lungs of sedatives and sleeping pills.

Treatment in a hospital with medical supplies

Concussion in children can not at first identify themselves in the symptoms. There are situations when a child complains of severe pain or blurred mind. But if you know that there is brain injury, most likely a similar description of their own state due to slow reaction to the resulting damage.

The child may suddenly become ill, so it must be promptly delivered to the medical facility, located where the patient must have at least two days.

There for it is prescribed a number of drugs that can alleviate the prevailing situation and to restore the body as soon as possible:

1. Drugs diuretic action. They are appointed in order to prevent the development of edema of brain tissue. Most often, the doctor prescribes a course furosemide, Panangin, Diamox.
2. Pain medication. Take they should be when the kid complains of a severe headache. You can enlist the help of Analgin or sedalgin.
3. Antihistamine drugs spectrum. They will lead to normal sleep and metabolism. It is best to drink away the course or suprastin Diazolin.
4. If the patient complains of nausea and vomiting, it is necessary to periodically use Reglan.
   
5. In order to relieve stress, prevent the occurrence of excessive excitability and hyperactivity, can be taken Phenazepam, as well as other anti-anxiety drugs lungs. Folk remedies recommended to drink a decoction of the child valerian root.
6. Care must be taken for the restoration of total vitamin balance. For this purpose, you can choose any medical complex vitamin.

Home Treatment

Such a state is this type of cranial trauma department, which, after providing all necessary emergency procedures, can be overcome in the home, in a relaxed home environment. To do this, you must carefully follow all recommendations of your doctor, to observe the conditions of confinement to bed. Extremely important time to go to bed and stay in bed for at least 10 hours a day.

The first two months is necessary to avoid prolonged physical activity, to exclude from their own daily routine any serious exercise.

Should eat properly, steadily and continuously monitor the content in their own food all the essential vitamins and minerals. It is best to give preference to low-fat meats and steamed vegetables. Care should be taken so that the child does not overeat. In this post-traumatic state can easily return to the feeling of nausea and vomiting.

Consequences and complications

As well as any other violation of the harmonious functioning of the organism system, flawed approach to the provision of emergency care and treatment of concussion tissue may have its serious consequences and unpleasant complications.

These include such issues:

• Constant headaches, which can last from 1 to 2 weeks. Their intensity may be reduced depending on how strong painkillers adopts a child.
• Sudden bouts of dizziness, difficulty with prolonged concentration on one subject.
  
• The emergence of difficulties in performing daily activities such as reading, writing and so on.
• Periodic feelings of nausea and vomiting, with no apparent reason.
• Sudden blurred mind when mood ahead of the housing.
• Quick exit of tone, a constant feeling of tiredness and apathy to the world.
• Seizures and convulsions similar to epileptic seizures.
• The development of hydrocephalus with intracranial hypertension.
• Education liquor cyst.
• The presence of scar tissue on the surface of the brain or its membranes.

prevention

concussion in a child, the symptoms and characteristics of which are as simple as the causes can be easily prevented. Rather than deal with the unpleasant situation and possible complications, it would be better simply to avoid in advance.

For the prevention of concussion in children can follow this simple rules:

• Use a hat to protect whenever the child wants to ride on a skateboard, bike or roller.
• Protect your head with special helmets when practicing martial arts.
• Always carefully monitor the use of seat belts in cars and other vehicles.
• Carefully check the furniture in the house for obtaining a possible injury.
• Immediately wipe the liquid that was spilled on the floor.

Dr. Komarovsky of concussion in children

Because concussion - is the state, which had to deliver his own baby almost each parent, the problem is often discussed on social channels, and many TV programs broadcasts.

A well-known pediatrician Eugene Komorowski gave a small list of recommendations for parents - that they should take when at the child occurrence of such injury.

The list is as follows:

1. Any impact of the head, the resulting child requires immediate and thorough inspection. It would be better to get to the pediatrician in the near future, regardless of whether or not the complaint of the baby comes.
   
2. You should not give your child any medication without a prescription. Even the lightest anesthetic drug can cause undesirable exacerbation critical state.
3. First aid is, primarily, to provide complete rest to the victim and his access to fresh air.
4. Compliance with bed rest - the most important stage of recovery a little patient. It is necessary to carefully monitor its implementation.

concussion in a child - common, annoying, but not a very serious injury. Symptoms of it troublesome, babies can tolerate them particularly hard.

The task of parents - gave first aid before the arrival of qualified doctors, and then carefully comply with all regulations pediatrician. Clear following these simple steps will help to rehabilitate the child as soon as possible.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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