Laryngitis in children. Symptoms and treatment at home. Photo throat, how to treat acute, chronic, allergic. Advice of doctors, Komarovsky

One of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is laryngitis. The process affects mainly the larynx and can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral and bacterial origin. Symptoms develop rapidly, especially in children. Treatment is needed immediately, as one of the consequences of laryngitis is choking.

What is laryngitis

Laryngitis in children (symptoms and treatment will be discussed below) is characterized by inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa. Inflammation of the vocal cords are covered, so the voice becomes hoarse, and sometimes disappears completely. Symptoms of laryngitis may also occur in adults, however, it is more prone to children because of the structural features of the larynx.

Laryngitis most frequently affects children under the age of 5 years. The highest peak incidence in the autumn and winter. The incidence of the sex of the child does not.

structural features

Formation of the larynx, vocal cords, respiratory comes closer to 13-15 years. Formation of immunity ends to 7 years. At preschool age, the child is not formed neither one nor the other system. That is why the risk of laryngitis disease in childhood significantly increased.

For example, the pharyngeal tangerines, which protect the respiratory tract from the penetration of infection in children, to implement these functions still little adapted, which means that they are not sufficiently effective barrier to pathogenic infections.

Because of the imperfections of immunity infection quickly spreads deeper into the respiratory tract. The larynx connects the pharynx to the trachea, it leads to the bronchi, and they - to the lungs. If untreated, laryngitis can quickly go into bronchitis and pneumonia.

Favorable conditions for the development of infections occur due to the fact that:

• child's throat is shaped like a funnel, it is as long and tapered;
• glottis is narrow;
• ligaments thicker and shorter than in adults;
• mucosa riddled with a network of blood vessels and nerves, moreover, it is looser, which facilitates the introduction of infection and spread its blood flow.

Causes

Laryngitis may provoke the following reasons:

• Viruses (laryngitis is sometimes a complication of acute respiratory viral infections, measles, scarlet fever, common cold, even if it is not treated in time, stimulates laryngitis).
• Bacteria.
• Allergy - causing swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx. It is often caused by allergens encountered in everyday life.
• Emotional distress - there are spasms of the larynx.
• The use of drugs in the form of spray - irritate nerve endings.
• Overvoltage ligaments.
• Passing through the throat too hot, cold or dusty air.
• Physical exhaustion.
• Limfatiko-hypoplastic diathesis (an aggregate of diseases associated with immune disorders, metabolic, cardiovascular and endocrine systems).
• The total body hypothermia.
• Passive smoking.
• Entry of foreign bodies in the throat.

characteristic symptoms

Symptoms of laryngitis in children occur abruptly, they were often found immediately after awakening or at night, when the child wakes up sharply from coughing and feeling short of breath (Treatment in this case begin without delay to alleviate the condition the baby):

• Dry cough without discharge, barking, hoarse. It is especially worse at night. In the horizontal position of the child is even more difficult to breathe, which is why he does not sleep and is trying to take a more comfortable position.
• Wheezing, change in voice tone. This occurs due to change in the width of the lumen of the larynx, nesmykaniya ligaments.
• Runny nose.
• Breathing shallow, difficult.

• On the mucosal surface appear bloody blotches - a burst blood vessels.
• Painful sensations when swallowing saliva - their intensity varies and may be either negligible. and intolerable.
• Sensation of swelling in the larynx.
• Asphyxia - the skin around the mouth gets bluish tint.
• High temperatures - may be increased to 39 degrees and higher.
• Against the background of respiratory failure, and the temperature rise in the child observed decline in motor activity, lethargy, drowsiness.

stenosis of the larynx

Laryngeal stenosis - a narrowing of the glottis. Depending on the severity, extent distinguished 4 stenosis.

• First degree. child's breathing becomes whistling, quickened at a load when coughing sounds reminiscent of barking, heard the conversation, the voice hoarse.
• Second degree. Wheezing occurs even at rest, with the child more comfortable not to lie and sit, leaning forward - it is this posture helps ease breathing. When you inhale the child has to use the muscles of the chest, breath is difficult for. Visually, there are signs of a lack of oxygen in the blood: the skin turns pale, becomes gray. Also quickens the heartbeat.
• Step 3. The child is difficult not only breathe, but in and out. He puts great effort into this. In the end, the breath is already happening without the participation of the muscles, is replaced by a surface. The kid breathes often in small volumes. Voice disappears completely. The child looks lethargic.
• Stage 4 - critical. Breathing irregular, superficial, can stop breathing and heart function. The child is not oriented in space. In fact, it predkomatoznoe state.

Acute and chronic

Two forms of laryngitis, depending on the disease - acute and chronic. In the acute form, except for the above symptoms, by visual inspection laryngeal edema noticeable mucosal thickening, redness of the vocal cords. With proper treatment of laryngitis is cured for a week or a little more.

If treatment is incorrect or not carried out at all, the disease becomes chronic. Inflammatory changes affect mainly ligament becomes hoarse voice therefore varies its tonal coloration exasperates periodic scratchy throat. Laryngeal stenosis or narrowing of the lumen in this case is not observed.

forms of laryngitis

In addition, it is isolated forms of laryngitis and distinguished form of inflammation of the larynx.

It is of four types:

• obstructive formWhich is also called false croup begins with a fever, soreness of the mucosa. In general, symptoms similar to the initial stage of SARS. More often than false croup in children 2-3 years of life.

• allergic form laryngitis due to ingested allergens. Allergens cause spasm of the upper respiratory tract mucosa and provoke swelling. This type of laryngitis may be complicated by a bacterial infection.
• catarrhal laryngitis by symptoms similar to angina: marked pain on swallowing, fever, redness of the throat there. The difference is that these symptoms joins laryngeal edema, because it reduces the amount of air entering the body.
• Laryngitis in children (symptoms and treatment need to be able to determine in the home, in time to provide first aid) is also bacterial form. In the initial stages it manifests itself in a similar way to other forms of laryngitis, but on the third day from the onset of the disease in the mucous ulcers appear yellowish. This form can also be a diphtheria (diphtheria is caused by a stick) and influenza (the causative agent - streptococcal infection).

Diagnostics

Primarily the doctor must conduct a visual inspection: inspect the mucous membranes, lymph nodes test the upper part of the neck. To confirm the diagnosis appointed CBC. The doctor draws attention to the level of ESR and white blood cell count.

To assign the correct treatment, take a swab from the throat. This helps to determine the nature of the causative agent. This is the most common diagnostic tests but prescribe more specific, for example, a stroboscope, laryngoscopy, mikrolaringoskopiyu, x-ray.

First aid

You need to know that the delay laryngitis can cost a child's life. However, the panic in this case should not be. If your child has wheezing, he gasps that accompanies skin blueness around the mouth, the ambulance must be called without delay.

If no laryngeal stenosis, no evidence of the high temperature (above 39), there is no need to call the physician.

In any case it is necessary to facilitate the child's condition:

• Use antipyretics if the child has a fever (excluding Aspirin).
• Give the child to breathe through nebulizer drug solution.

• Give the child a pill antispasmodic.
• If the attack is caused by inhalation of allergens, it is necessary to give an antihistamine.
• Scratchy throat and spasm may be caused by dry air in the apartment, it is therefore recommended to humidify any way, for example, include a humidifier or by placing the battery in the room, or simply open the container with water.
• Improve child well-being will help rinse weak solution of soda or mineral water.
• If a child acts up, you need to calm him down, as this condition negatively affects state of health worsens symptoms.

medications

Laryngitis in children (symptoms and treatment of a first aid discussed above) is treated with several groups of drugs, Depending on the infection, which is caused by the disease and the specific symptoms:

1. Antiviral agents.
2. Antibiotics.
3. Antispasmodics.
4. Bronchodilators.
5. Antiseptic preparations.
6. Cold preparations.
7. Antihistamines.
8. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

If the cause of the disease is associated with the penetration of viruses into the body, then you should take antiviral drugs. That virus in most cases is caused by laryngitis in children.

For the treatment of infants, starting at 3 months of age, appointed Aflubin, Viferon, Anaferon, Laferobion - these drugs dispensed in usable forms: drops, suppositories, tablets for resorption. Older children prescribed Esberitoks, Rezistol.

Any antihistamine taken for the treatment of laryngitis, reduces the intensity of edema. Infants prescribe drugs in drops, such as Zyrtec and Suprastin, those who are older, since 2 years, give a syrup, such as Claritin, Tsetrin.

Antitussive drugs are prescribed to the child in the first days of the disease, since in this period there is a dry hacking cough, constant tickling is haunted. Suitable for children Sinekod drops Gerbion, Icelandic moss and Stoptussin.

Means to liquefy phlegm and output should be given from the third day of illness. It promotes the conversion of the dry into the wet cough. Among such tools include Ambrobene, slept Lasolvan, ACC and Mukaltin. All of these tools are syrups, Mukaltin only available in tablets.

To use it to treat a child, enough to dissolve a tablet in water. She is effervescent and very good odds.

Antiseptics prescribed for relief of the inflammatory process. One of the most effective antiseptics is Miramistin. However, one can use commercially available domestic and solutions for rinsing and dissolve tablets with antiseptic effect.

Often, they contain an analgesic, so sore throat and calms down. However, not all lozenges can take the children. Use antipyretic drugs on the basis of paracetamol and ibuprofen, such as Panadol, Nurofen. If the temperature is very high and not break, prepare a mixture of lytic.

Antibiotics are used only for bacterial laryngitis, in other cases they are ineffective. For children's antibiotics are Flemoksin Soljutab, Sumamed, Supraks. Despite the more gentle action, they need to drink in combination with probiotics, such as Linex.

inhalation

Laryngitis in children (symptoms and treatment are specific) successfully treated with inhaled: steam and conducted via a nebulizer. necessary to prepare an appropriate formulation for inhalation of steam. It is desirable for this purpose to use an herbal decoction, but you can just boil the potatoes.

Independently pass inhalation procedure can only child, which is close to the school age, or is in school. If we are talking about a child 2, 3, 4 years old, will have to either give up this treatment option, or try to get some of the steam with the child together, turning the process into a game.

The composition is prepared as follows:

1. Take a pot of large diameter.
2. Poured into 1 l of water it.
3. Add 3 tablespoons herbs which are usually used for gargling or those that are included in the thoracic charge, e.g. chamomile, sage, eucalyptus.
4. Liquid is brought to the boil and boiled for 2-3 minutes.
5. Put the pan on the floor or on a table, depending on how you prefer. Covered the child's head with a blanket. He should inhale the steam open your mouth for 10-15 minutes. With a small child can carry out the procedure in the bathroom, not covering him with a blanket.

Inhalation with a nebulizer

The advantage of nebulizers that it sprays the drug solution to form particles suspended in air, allowing the medication to flow of air can penetrate into the most inaccessible areas respiratory tract.

Solution for a nebulizer can serve:

1. Prednisolone and sodium chloride solution of 9 percent - 0.5 mL + 2 mL, respectively.
2. Aminophylline and sodium chloride solution of 9 percent - 0.5 mL + 2 mL, respectively.
3. Still mineral water.

Folk remedies

Given the seriousness of the disease, a folk remedy should only be used in the complex therapy, with necessary remember that many medicinal plants are allergens, and in the case of allergic laryngitis it will only aggravate during disease.

From medicinal plants such as camomile flowers, lime blossom, sage prepared rinses. Take 1 tbsp flowers and 500 mL of boiling water. The mixture is left to infuse in a warm place for 2 hours. Gargle should be 5-8 times a day, with after the procedure is recommended to refrain from consuming food and water for 30 minutes.

Another infusion to rinse made from seabuckthorn. We need to take 1 tbsp berries, weld 500 ml of boiling water, brought to a boil, simmer 2 minutes. Then, a sealed container is left to infuse for 60 minutes. Is used to rinse the infusion, as well as oral - 3 times a day for 1 st. l ..

Note to parents

To laryngitis was cured faster and to the child's condition was satisfactory, parents need to be aware of some rules and treatment mode:

1. Call an ambulance immediately if a baby is choking.
2. The baby needs to play during his illness, that he was distracted by unpleasant sensations.
3. Accomodation is needed to ventilate and maintain a high moisture content in it.
4. The child should drink liquids rich in vitamin the C, for example, a decoction of rose hips, tea with lemon.
5. When the temperature increases to critical values ​​it is necessary to bring down with drugs paracetamol or ibuprofen.
6. It is necessary to comply with bed rest. If you put a child to bed you can not even, it should at least take it what some games, during which he will sit quietly.
7. Sing, scream and cry when laryngitis is contraindicated - can seriously damage the ligaments. Speak recommended whisper.
8. Walking laryngitis is possible only in good weather and a relatively good general condition of the child. If the outside humidity, cold, wind, walk postponed until better weather, as these conditions cause sore throat and increased inflammation.
9. Diet for a period of illness must be balanced, but it should be borne in mind that the child hard to swallow, so you need to grind all the food.

Complication

Despite the fact that the laryngitis affects the upper respiratory tract, it can progress rapidly and spread to other parts of the respiratory system, which means that acute laryngitis quickly becomes chronic form. It can also deprive the child's voice in whole or in part, into pneumonia and even sepsis.

Dr. Komarovsky of laryngitis

Dr. Komorowski believes that it is wrong to consider laryngitis, colds, as in 99% of cases it is caused by a viral infection development, and other factors contribute to the development of a disease.

Komorowski is not recommended to start treatment with antibiotics without prior diagnostics, but also about antiviral medications he speaks not flattering, as they are not effective It proved.

The best methods of treatment of laryngitis Komorowski said:

• plenty of warm drinks;
• Fresh air;
• inhalation;
• humidification;
• hot compress on the throat, for example, wool scarf;
• peace both voice and physical.

Inflammatory disease of the throat - laryngitis in children - is developing on its own or as a complication of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory disease and other infectious diseases affecting the respiratory tract. Its main symptom (and most dangerous) is a stenosis of the larynx, which is expressed in luminal narrowing and inflammation of ligaments. Treatment is often required immediately.

Video of laryngitis in children, its symptoms and treatments

Features laryngitis:

Treatment of laryngitis: