Norma blood sugar in children, a table of age, decoding result of the analysis, the normal level, and what to do when a deviation indicator

One of the main parameters of a healthy organism is a glucose balance. It is stored until the production and insulin uptake occurs without deviation. Follow the normal blood sugar levels need to have a childhood, not to miss the onset of diabetes I, rarer type II.

What tests determine the level of blood glucose in children

To begin, take a "hungry" capillary blood from the finger.

additional tests may be administered upon detection of elevated sugar options:

• determining the concentration in the venous blood sugar;
• hemanalysis after the shock load pure glucose (tolerance);
• testing the level of fructosamine (product of non-enzymatic glucose accumulation in amino groups present in proteins);
• identifying the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood forms (bound to glucose);
• determining the level of lactic acid (lactate).

Venous blood is considered more sterile, moreover, in her lab purified to a plasma state. Testing is assessed as more significant.

Norma sugar in the blood in children in this case are different:

• for capillaries is 3,3-5,5 mmol / l;
• plasma is 4,0-6,1 mmol / l.

Glucose tolerance

So rechecked increased rates. On an empty stomach in the child bled from the finger, then allowed to drink a strong aqueous solution of glucose and 2 through chasa repeated blood sampling. An important condition - you need all the time to sit, to the muscles during movement does not burn glucose.

Simultaneously calculated the amount of C-peptide to evaluate the secretory activity of pancreatic beta cells and call type of diabetes.

The level of fructosamine

For the test, blood is taken from a vein. Pre-treatment is not required, but it should be put in a doctor aware of the chronic administration of vitamin C, which affects the result. The normal level fructosamine to 14 years is 195-271 micromol / L.

Excess indicates the likelihood of diabetes, the deterioration of the thyroid gland, tumor or head effects of brain injury. Understated parameters may result from kidney problems.

Lactate. In venous blood lactate children should be:

• in newborns up to 6 weeks - 0.5-3 mmol / l;
• 15 years - 0,56-2,25;
• Further there is a norm for adults of both sexes - 0.5-2.

The degree of concentration of lactate confirms or rejects the presumptive diagnosis of diabetes. Higher settings svietelstvuyut of lactic acidosis - too acidic body. For diabetes is life-threatening. It increases the risk of metformin.

The concentration of glycated hemoglobin

Testing is done at the expense of the venous blood, and shows a complete picture of sugar imbalance. With it reveals the average plasma glucose for the previous three months. The more sugar level, the higher the percentage of its connections to the hemoglobin protein.

Analysis defines diabetes in the early stages of development, when other methods did not show. Periodic monitoring of glycated hemoglobin helps to track the effectiveness of saharoreguliruyuschih tools speed development of the disease. Take a six-month analysis with age.

At what age is necessary to control the level of sugar?

Glucose - a carbohydrate, a main source of energy, an essential component of metabolism. Responsible for converting the energy of the absorption of insulin and sugar - the product of the pancreas. Diabetes type I begins when insulin is insufficient for the consumed amount of sweets.

Type II diabetes occurs when insulin enough, but its molecules lose signal communication with the cells, so they can not get inside. The pancreas responds to the unavailability cell insulin secretion capacity and soon becomes exhausted. In both cases, impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Blood sugar or oversaturated, or there is a deficit.

Information for parents! According to statistics, the incidence of diabetes is up to 40% of the total child population. Glucose dysregulation can occur at any age. The first extension of the body under the active influence of growth hormone is an occasion to check the status of the glucose balance in 6-7 years.

Period of 10-12 years there has been a change in sexual hormonal and second traction, it also increases the likelihood of sugar imbalance. Diagnosed mainly juvenile (if still incomplete puberty) or type 1 diabetes.

Mandatory screening of children at risk:

• neonates with mass greater than 4.5 kg;
• post-infectious, viral disease;
• immunocompromised;
• with a genetic (inherited) tendency to diabetes.

Norma sugar in the blood in children of any age should be checked, if seen:

• change in appetite, craving for sweets;
• increased thirst;
• increase in the deficit of body weight;
• mood swings, lethargy, moodiness;
• blurred vision;
• frequent, excessive urination;
• dyspepsia;
• itching of the skin, mucous membranes;
• extremities cold snap.

Survey Preparation

On the eve of the date of the analysis of the child should eat as usual. We can not allow starvation, binge eating, so as not to distort the result. After dinner, there should not be greater. Need a blood hungry to understand how your body deal with the disposal of incoming sugar. For this reason, it is not necessary in the lab day to brush your teeth - sweet additives pasta absorbed into the bloodstream from the oral cavity.

If you are thirsty, allowed to drink plain water. It's wise to explain to the child what procedure it expects - a shot in the finger or a vein. Somebody from the family can encourage your baby during blood collection.

If it's a baby up to 1 year, the rules of preparation are as follows:

• at least 3-hour interval between last feeding and analysis, whether breast or bottle-feeding;
• water to give the request;
• restrict the activity of the child, so it was quiet.

Typically, babies are taking on the analysis of the first, since they are unable to go hungry for a long time.

Stages and blood collection rules

sugar analysis is carried out by professional laboratory technicians in the medical facility. With small children can go to parents of teenagers support - at their request. in the study time - about 5-10 minutes. depending on the method. Obtaining a blood sample from the finger. Neonates, infants up to a year makes easy puncture in the heel or toe on the foot.

Older children prick the finger.

If you are using a one-time scarifier:

1. Laboratory assistant in the sterile disposable gloves treats the skin with an antiseptic, to quickly make a puncture the top of the first phalanx.
2. While pushing on the finger, the transparent thin tube with a blower sucking on the end of the right amount of blood and merges into the tube.
3. Cotton ball with antiseptic wound covering.
4. The child himself or with the help of clamps maintainer wool wound for 5 min. Until no oozing blood.

There are new disposable device - lancets, which perform manipulation faster without pain. They represent a small bright capsule with an elongated spout which is hidden sterile pen from medical steel. After puncturing the skin disinfected sharp lancet of the hidden and locked. Thus, it is impossible to reuse the device.

Lancets are automatic and with the button. The automatic models can vary feathers, but there is also an additional security mechanism to ensure a complete sterility. Kids, seeing the needle, behave calmly. Instant prick is not felt, and the blood in the right quantity at once drawn into the capsule.

Advice for parents: taking of blood from a finger or a vein and frightens the child and adult. You can not show your child anxiety, the more inadmissible to create panic. The younger generation intuitively feels anxious relatives. The more relaxed they are, the more confident the child feels. A fleeting pain will be forgotten very quickly, if you show kindness, treat new toy, interesting entertainment.

Preparation of blood sample from a vein

For qualifying assay glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin used in most pronounced grudnichka veins:

• forearm;
• the back of the palm;
• leg calf;
• head, frontal zones.

Other children make a shot in the median vein fold any hand. Paramedics can perform the procedure without the presence of parents. Are turned professional skills to take a bioassay in the most turbulent and fractious children (for example, a special swaddling, toys, pictures, cartoons).

Taking blood conventional disposable syringes looks like this:

1. The health worker is washing hands with antiseptic wipes them with a paper towel, put on disposable gloves.
2. The arm of the patient puts his elbow on the rubber pad.
3. Harness pulls the middle of the forearm over clothing or special napkins.
4. Disinfects vein and around the skin antiseptic.
5. After squeezing-unclamping fist into the swollen vein enters the needle at an acute angle.
6. With the appearance of blood in the syringe, remove the harness.
7. Sampling pours into the tube.
8. Cotton ball with antiseptic wound closes. The patient should bend the elbow and sit for 5-7 minutes. until the place of needle insertion sealed clotted blood.

New vacuum system eliminates all contact the collected blood as a paramedic with hands and with air.

single application system consists of:

• adapter in the form of a miniature plastic cup with a small hole at the bottom;
• the tubular unit, in which the needle ends;
• vacuum sealed tube.

Igolochny unit is screwed into the hole in the bottom of the adapter. In this case the needle I in the protective cap remains outside, II is inside. I a needle into a vein conventional procedure. Following this, the adapter is inserted in a vacuum tube, II needle pierces the stopper, and the blood channel through the needle is drawn into both vacuum container.

If you want to take 2-3 samples filled tube is removed from the adapter, and in its place inserted quickly empty.

A cold or for some other reason acutely ailing analysis showed the child. It is necessary to wait for recovery. The findings are verified after a certain time.

How much time do the analysis?

In the public health facility, where a large flow of patients, the result can issue the next day, and may in a few days. In private laboratories give answers on the next day, but paid services, you need to choose a proven competent professionals.

Decoding performance analysis

In children, the values ​​obtained are compared with the accepted medical chart age norms in line with blood sugar. In assessing the results of the test should take into account that individual Medications affect blood glucose levels. For this reason, the diagnosis is based on the results of additional tests.

What values ​​are considered normal: Table rules on age

Norma sugar in the blood of children, referred to in the table is also suitable for decoding the meter performance at home.

Age, year	Meaning, mmol / l
up to six months	2,78-4
six months or a year	2,78-4,4
2-3	3,3-3,5
4	3,5-4
5	4-4,5
6	4,5-5
to 14	3,5-5,5

In adolescents from 14 years of norms coincide with the figures of an adult.

The causes of high blood sugar levels

Why is there a persistent hyperglycemia children is not known, it can clearly be seen only a genetic predisposition. If both parents are ill diabetes in offspring can happen with a probability of 25% when 1 - about 10-12%.

Other causes:

• infectious diseases;
• oncological changes pancreas;
• secretory dysfunction (thyroid gland, the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands);
• abuse of fats, sweets, baking, any junk food, lowers immunity);
• overweight;
• frequent, long-term stress.

May provoke the rise of the curve of sugar some drugs:

• beta-agonists;
• corticosteroids;
• adrenocorticotropic hormone;
• caffeine;
• adrenalin;
• diuretics;
• phenothiazines;
• glucagon;
• fructose;
• estrogens;
• individual antibacterial, anti-inflammatory agents.

Causes of low blood sugar level

Decreasing the amount of glucose in the blood can be caused by:

• unacceptable starvation, water deficit;
• overactive toddler;
• nerve bursts;
• severe chronic nature of the disease;
• tumor of the pancreatic islets, exhausting the insulin production (insulinoma);
• disorders of the digestive tract (gastritnogo, duodenitnogo, from pancreas, enteritnogo type);
• neuropathology, severe head injuries of the brain;
• sarcoidosis - a benign systemic disease that affects the organs, usually respiratory;
• intoxication by chloroform, arsenic.

Impact on lowering drugs:

• antihistamines;
• angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors;
• beta-blockers.

In patients with diabetes, hypoglycemia children can cause overestimation of insulin dose is taken.

The consequences of high blood sugar

Norma sugar in the blood of children, abuse and firmly hold, says, first of all, about the diabetes disease.

High rates of blood sugar in children's turn:

• weakness, lack of energy;
• headaches;
• decrease the temperature of hands, feet;
• constant itching;
• dry mouth and an irresistible thirst;
• dyspepsia, indigestion.

The state of crisis, a life-threatening - a hyperglycemic coma.

The consequences of low blood sugar

Sharp shortage of sugar in the blood stream is considered to be less dangerous, but it brings the child no less suffering:

• unmotivated agitation, anxiety, moodiness;
• sweating;
• dizziness;
• pallor of the integument;
• loss of consciousness, sometimes with weak convulsions.

Hypoglycemic coma is rare, but as hyperglycemic, very dangerous.

Can the results be unreliable?

By errors, inaccuracies no one is immune. Therefore, upon detection of the border glucose or deviations in one direction or another doctor always assigns the qualifying tests.

Rapid tests for domestic sugar control may give an error of up to 20%. It is necessary to choose the perfect model of a regulated meter. Laboratory method is the most authentic. Prescribe treatment, diet, the doctor relies on professional results.

The blood sugar level is directly related to physical health, activity and emotional state. Fully insure children against diabetes is impossible, but dramatically reduce the risk of deviation from the norm is possible
proper nutrition, psychological comfort, the timely delivery of analyzes.

Useful video of normal blood sugar rates in children

What indicators are the norm:

The symptoms of diabetes in children: