Female Diseases

Location of the ovaries in women. Photos concerning navel, intestines, where the sizes are normal as hurt, disease

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Female reproductive system is designed much more complex than that of men. The female body is not only produces the egg, but also bears fruit. Ovaries in females are paired glands oval, located in such a way as to maximize the sperm could quickly achieve mature egg and fertilize it.

The content of the article:

  • 1 Location of the ovaries in women
  • 2 The dimensions of the ovaries are normal for age
  • 3 Causes of ovarian disease
    • 3.1 Tuberculosis ovarian failure
    • 3.2 Mechanical damage to the mucous of the uterus and fallopian tubes
    • 3.3 Inflammation of adjacent organs
    • 3.4 Sexually transmitted infections by
    • 3.5 viral infection
    • 3.6 other causes
  • 4 The symptoms of ovarian disease
    • 4.1 inflammatory diseases
    • 4.2 chronic disease
    • 4.3 ovarian depletion
    • 4.4 cyst formation
    • 4.5 Multifollikulyarnye ovaries
    • 4.6 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    • 4.7 ovarian cancer
    • 4.8 Apoplexy (gap) of the ovary
    • 4.9 ovarian hyperplasia
    • 4.10 Psychosomatic illnesses appendages
  • 5 How to diagnose ovarian disease
    • 5.1 Gynecological examination
    • 5.2 Pelvic ultrasound
    • 5.3 Laparoscopy
    • 5.4 microbiological examination
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  • 6 General principles of treatment of ovarian disease
    • 6.1 medication
    • 6.2 Surgical treatment: testimony
    • 6.3 Traditional methods of treatment
  • 7 Possible complications and forecasts for various diseases
  • 8 Video of the female ovaries

Location of the ovaries in women

Ovaries are arranged along the side surface of the pelvis, with the uterus. Own ligaments are attached at one end to a corner of the uterus, the other to the side wall of the pelvis. To the upper end of the tube attached ovary largest of fringes surrounding the abdominal end of the fallopian tube.

Most of the ovary body protrudes from the broad ligament in the abdominal cavity, but is not covered by the peritoneum. Part of the broad ligament is called the mesentery or the gate of the ovary.

Normally, the prostate are arranged symmetrically on either side of the uterus, but there are anomalies:

  • additional - split off parts of the rudiment of the gonads;
  • lift up - situated in the inner opening of the inguinal canal, in the channel in the thickness of the labia majora.
    Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease
    Location of the female reproductive system and ovaries in women

Anomalies are due to abnormalities in the development of the reproductive system is still in the embryo stage.

The dimensions of the ovaries are normal for age

Standard ovarian size in healthy women is in the range of 3.5-4 cm in length, 2-2.5 cm in width, 1-1.5 cm in thickness. It weighs 5-6 g The right ovary, as a rule, more than the left. With the onset of menopause, their size decreases. Activities follicular unit dies and the ovaries gradually shrink.

The duration of post-menopausal years Ovarian volume, cm3 follicular unit
1 8-10 saved
2-3 5-7 individual follicles
4-15 3-6 individual fluid inclusion
over 15 3-4 is not expressed

Talitsa. The normal pattern of change ovaries of postmenopausal women.

Causes of ovarian disease

The ovaries in women, due to its proximity to other pelvic organs, affects the diseases characteristic of the latter. Transmission of infections and inflammatory process occurs both at the lymph and via the blood stream.

Tuberculosis ovarian failure

By the nature of the formation of tuberculosis genital mutilation - is a secondary disease. Infection occurs from the main focus in the lungs through the lymphatic system, but possible contamination of the reproductive system tuberculosis in children. Initially, the disease is secretive, painful symptoms of poorly expressed.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

They occur during menstruation, defecation, sexual intercourse. With the intensification of the process of the body temperature rises to 38 degrees. For specific chronic diseases with undulating exacerbations.

In tuberculosis ovarian found clumps of tight junctions on the side of the uterus at the time of the survey. Rectal examination palpates solid plurality of nodes of different sizes in the uterus.

Mechanical damage to the mucous of the uterus and fallopian tubes

endometrium Damage generally occurs due to diagnostic procedures after scraping, resulting in uterine cavity special examination chamber (hysteroscopy). Can be observed in women enjoyed intrauterine contraception. Spirals introduced into the cavity, can cause minor injuries.

Any mucosal damage results in the development of the inflammatory process. If the mucous membrane of the whole, microflora, is there always, does not harm the body. Mechanical damage to the fallopian tubes is possible with an ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg begins to develop outside the uterus.

Chorionic villi penetrate slowly into the body layers, destroying blood vessels, stretching the tube. Woman watching all the signs of pregnancy: absence of menstrual periods, change in taste, breast augmentation. At week 6 salpingocyesis leads to rupture of the pipe.

Location of the ovaries in a woman near the fallopian tubes during an ectopic tubal pregnancy It helps to ensure that the fertilized egg begins to grow clamped vein and artery, feeding iron. Pipe rupture damages blood vessels in the body shell.

Inflammation of adjacent organs

Inflammation of the ovaries may start due to an infection, which came out of the womb, to descend from the abdominal cavity of lymph from the sigmoid colon and the appendix through the blood from any source of infection in the body person.

Endometritis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus) appears after the abortion, the postpartum period, as a result of various medical procedures. Pathogens are bacteria and microorganisms which penetrate into abnormal endometrial layer. Actively breeding, they contribute to the defeat of the connective tissues and muscles of the uterus. The infection spreads further in the fallopian tubes.

Pelvioperitonit (inflammation of the pelvic peritoneum) usually formed as a complication after surgeries. Inflammation of the peritoneum in the most capable to spill over into the ovaries, if it is localized in the place where the last contact with her.

Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

Acute appendicitis can cause an abscess in the right ovary. Accumulating in a process mucus provokes stretching of the appendix, causing its inflammation. The pressure on the blood vessels increases, blood flow is reduced, formed purulent accumulation and tissue necrosis.

If the appendix is ​​wrapped to the side of the ovary, the probability of hitting the latter is very high. As a result of surgical intervention with the removed appendix and ovary.

Sexually transmitted infections by

More than 20 types of disease spread thereby. All varieties of gonorrhea caused by gonococcus, affects the mucous genitals. Gonorrheal salpingo transmitted to the casing pipe, capturing gradually peritoneum and ovaries.

When gonorrheal salpingitis originally damaged inside of the tube. Its walls are glued gradually accumulating purulent exudate. Inflammation proceeds to muscular and serosal layer. There is a merging with neighboring authorities.

Ovarian location of a woman leads to the fact that gonorrhea is easily affects the body of the pipe (at a stretch). She enters the follicles or corpus luteum, there forming an abscess that spreads around the ovary.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

Syphilis infection occurs, usually through sexual contact, but it is quite possible domestic infection using common household items with patients.

Solid ulcer formation (chancre) in most cases are located at the top of the vagina and the cervix. After 4-10 weeks of spirochetes (germs) spread throughout the body that can affect any organ.

Chlamydia (an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria) is dangerous for its rising complications of the genitourinary system. The rapid spread of Chlamydia leads to inflammation of the uterus, the formation of adhesions in the tubes. As a result, infertility or ectopic pregnancy.

Mycoplasmosis caused by bacteria belonging to opportunistic. Its development begins with a decrease in immunity of the whole organism. Infection is spread by the ascending, for a given disease characterized by chronic, occasionally asymptomatic.

viral infection

Location of the ovaries in women inside the abdomen protects them from many external negative factors, but are not able to protect against viral infections.

Inflammation of the appendages causes two of them:

  1. Geteralny herpes the second type is able to penetrate into the body through cuts in the skin or mucosa. Sexually transmitted. Easily integrated into the cellular system of the person. During an exacerbation actively creating foci of necrosis in the mucous membranes, causing inflammation.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease
  2. cytomegalovirus It affects many organs. If the immune system is healthy, the virus is not dangerous. But against the background of the development of other diseases, is able to activate and cause a number of complications of the reproductive system.

Most likely, a viral infection of the ovaries occurs after the onset of the inflammatory process caused by another disease, due to a general decrease in immunity.

other causes

Adhesive disease occurs due to the formation of films and fibers, glueing organs together. Blood circulation is disturbed, the cells do not get enough nutrients. The follicles do not develop normally, comes infertility.

The symptoms of ovarian disease

For many ovarian diseases are characterized by the same symptoms. To differentiate the disease usually requires a more detailed examination of the patient.

inflammatory diseases

Oophoritis (inflammation of the appendages) is common. The patient complains of abdominal pain, irregular menstruation, allocation of cables. A break of pus in the intestine there are painful tenesmus. Common symptoms are expressed chills, headache, nausea.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

On examination, it stated tachycardia, abdominal distention, pain on palpation. Blood test shows leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the appearance of C-reactive protein. Gynecological examination shows allocation of cervical pus. Displacement of the uterus accompanied by pain, thickened uterine appendages.

chronic disease

Chronic course of patients does not cause complaints, if there is no aggravation. Only the development of infertility leads past a doctor.

The main symptoms of chronic course of the disease:

  • pulling pain in the lower pelvis, worse during menstruation or during sexual intercourse;
  • menstrual disorders;
  • infertility;
  • allocating scarce as leucorrhoea odorless.

Gynecological examination reveals the uterus with appendages inactivity. Ultrasound examination shows increased ovarian size, the change of their structure, the presence of hydro- and piosalpinks in the fallopian tubes.

ovarian depletion

ovary exhaustion syndrome put patients when menopause occurs at the latest before they are due. Reproductive activity this is normal. The disease is rare. Why follicles sharply cease maturation is unknown.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

Symptoms of the syndrome are identical manifestations of menopause: hot flushes, genital itching, a metabolic disorder. Without treatment, the disease progresses. This can lead to atrophy of organs. The sexual life of a woman is violated.

cyst formation

ovarian cyst diagnosed as bladder with liquid contents, located inside a gland and increases its volume. Neoplasm grows by accumulating fluid therein.

To localize the cyst is classified into:

  • follicular;
  • corpus luteum;
  • endometrioid;
  • dermoid;
  • hemorrhagic;
  • mucinous.

The disease occurs when plugging the ducts and prostatic secretions concentration in it, or when the liquid has not previously existed cavity. The reason can be any of the factors: the beginning of the menstrual cycle in a very early age (before age 12), endocrine system diseases, bad habits (smoking).Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

The main symptoms are:

  • Pain during menstruation and ovulation.
  • Disproportionately growing belly.
  • Varicose veins of the lower extremities.
  • Frequent urination and constipation.
  • Pain during sexual intercourse.

Multifollikulyarnye ovaries

The name itself speaks about the nature of the disease. It means a huge number of follicles in the ovarian stroma. Detected by ultrasound. Definitive diagnosis occurs only after additional tests to differentiate from polycystic ovaries.

The term "diagnosis" in this case is not quite appropriate, since multifollikulyarnyh ovary syndrome - it is quite physiological norm for adolescents. Long term use of hormonal contraceptives leads to a similar result.

Symptoms expressed little or not appear at all. If a woman complains of menstrual function, has no problems with the reproductive system, the detected features in the structure of the appendages are considered within the normal range.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The disease is considered to be sufficiently serious breach of the entire endocrine system. The ovaries increased on both sides, dense structure, their surface is smooth, with no pain. Functional diagnostics shows the single-phase of the menstrual cycle.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

Hormonal blood test reveals the predominance of androgens to estrogens. Patients complain of irregular periods, hair growth in unusual places with normally developed sexual characteristics.

ovarian cancer

Oncology ovaries is a very dangerous disease for women. The reason for the formation of tumors in the gonads has not been studied completely. It is believed that it is caused by hormonal disorders. Most often, the tumor is defined as benign, however just begun treatment gives satisfactory results.

Malignant tumor in the ovary develops from cystadenoma, but may appear as a metastasis from the gastrointestinal tract, mammary gland. Primary cancer is rare appendages.

The clinic is Just noticeable. If the process is in an advanced stage, patients treated with complaints of pain, weakness, loss of appetite, disturbance of the cycle, the growth of the abdomen.

Apoplexy (gap) of the ovary

Rupture of ovarian tissue accompanied by copious hemorrhage. If there was a gap in the 12-14 week cycle, it is associated with ovulation, the second half of the cycle - with a yellow body. The increased pressure on the blood vessels leads to tear. The ovaries are formed hematoma, blood continues to accumulate, when the mass comes to critical, comes ejection of blood into the cavity.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

Symptomatology is very characteristic. When you break the acute pain includes the lower abdomen, close to the affected ovary. The patient feels dizzy, there is a possibility of loss of consciousness, characterized by severe anemia.

External examination marks, pale skin, cold sweats, low blood pressure, weak pulse. Gynecological examination shows the absence of cyanosis of the cervix, vagina. The uterus is not increased in size. The disease is typical of the right ovary, as there are a greater number of blood vessels.

ovarian hyperplasia

The disease is accompanied by an increase of the structural tissue by active work cells. Most often it is observed in the connective tissue and in the endometrium. The causes may be hormonal failure or breach at the stage of embryonic development.

Symptomatology is mild, characteristic of most disorders of the reproductive system:

  • Irregular menstruation.
  • Isolation in the middle of the menstrual cycle, blood-streaked.
  • Abundant acne.
  • Rough voice.
  • growth of body hair.
  • Infertility.
  • Hormonal imbalance.

Psychosomatic illnesses appendages

Doctors have long established a link between hormonal disturbances and stress. In this state, the adrenal glands start to produce a lot of male hormones. The body is saturated with them. The woman begins to deny his nature, there is polycystic ovary syndrome.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

As a result of this disease ovaries cease to produce eggs that have already matured. Follicles grow to the desired size, are transformed into cystic body. In this disease the organism can not determine which cell it should produce: egg or sperm.

Another psychological cause of polycystic and other diseases often become subconscious ban pregnancy, fears pathological obsessions.

How to diagnose ovarian disease

Modern medicine offers a fairly wide range of basic and additional methods of examination.

Gynecological examination

The survey is conducted on a special chair. After inspection of the cervix and vagina in the mirror, go to the bimanual examination of the uterus and appendages.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

Location of the ovaries in females allows the gynecologist feel the bodies with the help of fingers in medical gloves, the introduction of the latter through the vagina into the abdomen. The doctor says their position in the pelvis, sets the size, shape, mobility.

Pelvic ultrasound

Ultrasound examination can diagnose the body structure, to establish its exact dimensions. Modern devices allow to clarify the nature of the blood supply to the ovaries, endometrium value and occupancy follicles and corpora lutea. The method has no contraindications.

Laparoscopy

The abdomen is filled with gas, it is introduced through the through hole, a special device (laparoscope) with microchamber transmitting the video signal on the screen. Physician visually monitors the condition of the ovaries. With the help of this device and some special tools can be carried out surgery to remove adhesions, cysts and even the ovary

microbiological examination

This type of study is used for the diagnosis of inflammation, which allows to establish a kind of pathogenic bacteria, the bacteria that cause the inflammation. Samples were taken from the urethra, cervix and vaginal canal. For each stroke requires a separate tool.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

As a result of adjusted purity and the presence of the pathogen:

  • I degree - normal flora;
  • II degree - detected individual cocci and leukocytes;
  • III degree - normal flora scarce, many other bacteria and leukocytes;
  • IV degree - there are only pathogenic microbes (gonococci, Trichomonas, chlamydia), a large number of leukocytes.

General principles of treatment of ovarian disease

The basic principles of treatment are to ovarian disease therapy, affecting directly with the cause of the disease, as well as contributing to improve the quality of life.

medication

This type of treatment is the most common, as it allows you to save and restore the ovaries of reproductive system. Bacterial diseases apply antibacterial preparations according to the identified agent. Viral diseases are treated with antivirals complex, increases the tone of the body.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

In the treatment of diseases of the ovaries was used as hormonal and non-hormonal treatment. The first allows you to induce the production of ovarian hormones or reduce the production of male hormones. Hormones are prescribed for the preparation of the patient to the surgical intervention for the treatment of post.

Surgical treatment: testimony

Indications for surgical treatment of diseases of the ovaries:

  • Benign tumors.
  • Malignant tumors.
  • Ovarian cysts larger sizes.
  • Ovarian endometriosis.
  • Adhesive disease.
  • Polycystic ovary.
  • Abscesses.
  • Obstruction of the fallopian tubes.

Traditional methods of treatment

Traditional methods only facilitate the patient's condition, but can not eliminate the disease completely. Tinctures, decoctions of herbs have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, tonic effect.Location of the ovaries in women with respect to the navel, intestines, normal size, disease

Cinquefoil goose, yarrow leaves blueberries and many other herbs belong to the latter. Herbal medicine can cause allergic reactions.

Possible complications and forecasts for various diseases

In women, ovarian disease should be treated in the doctor's location in the hospital. Most of them are amenable to medical treatment. The main complication - infertility. After salpingoophoritis its associated not only with the occlusion of the fallopian tubes, but also with changes in endocrine, cardiovascular system.

Actively using hormone therapy under the supervision of the tests of functional diagnostics, spa treatment. Tuberculous lesion has the same effect. Viral diseases can provoke early miscarriage of the fetus and malformations.

Diseases associated with acute conditions sometimes require prompt surgical intervention. The result is usually oophorectomy. If the second sex gland remains intact, it will not affect the reproductive system. Woman can get pregnant and bear healthy fruit.

If medically necessary to remove both ovaries, in this case post-castration syndrome may occur. In young women, this syndrome is much heavier.

Mammary glands begin to decrease, declining sexual feeling. There comes a neuro-psychiatric disorders such as depression, irritability, memory impairment. Somatic diseases aggravated. Developing glaucoma, periodontitis.

With the onset of menopause, the ovaries gradually fades. For some women, this process occurs without pathological changes. However, a number of them may experience menopause.

It is caused by disorders of the endocrine system. Women suffer from excessive sweating, sleep disturbances, tachycardia. Restorative therapy, therapeutic exercise and hormonal drugs help through this period comfortably.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of the female ovaries

Ovarian function:

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