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HDL rate of women by age. The table, which means raised, lowered blood cholesterol

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HDL, or high density lipoprotein, belong to a class of complex proteins, which play an important role in the excretion of cholesterol from cells to the liver. In this body it is converted to bile acids and then discharged together with the faeces. This cholesterol fraction is called "useful", as it reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The norm in women over the age of greater value than for men. Exceeding this value is considered to be a favorable factor, however, in some cases, it may indicate the presence of liver disease.

The content of the article:

  • 1 What does the analysis of HDL
  • 2 When the prescribed study
  • 3 Norm indicators for women over the age of
  • 4 How to prepare for the study
  • 5 How does the biomaterial fence
  • 6 How to wait for the study results
  • 7 Explanation responses analysis
  • 8 Reasons for deviations from normal performance
    • 8.1 increase
    • 8.2 lowering
  • 9 How much is a study where they spend?
  • 10 Methods for normalization of
    • 10.1 preparations
    • 10.2 Folk remedies
    • 10.3 Food
  • 11 Videos about cholesterol
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What does the analysis of HDL

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Disclosure modification mechanism HDL allowed the use of the new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Evaluation of properties of high-density lipoprotein helps predict the risk of developing the disease associated with the deposition of cholesterol in the lumen of blood vessels. Currently the main focus in the therapy of atherosclerosis is the development of pharmacological agents that normalize the function of HDL and increase their concentration in human blood.

Levels of high density lipoproteins, and other data related diseases, age and gender, blood pressure, presence of harmful habits are taken into account by doctors to assess the individual risk of developing serious complications of cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction, stroke.

For these purposes abroad Scale SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) was developed, which is based on research conducted in 12 European countries with a total coverage of over 200 thousand. patients.HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol

HDL, the rate for women over the age of which is considered in the article has a spectrum ateroprotektivnyh properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic). These materials are part of the innate immunity. In the systemic inflammation in the body, they may lose their initial characteristics.

Low HDL indicates high risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular pathologies. He is often associated with hypertriglyceridemia (elevated triglyceride levels), insulin resistance, diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

When the prescribed study

Analysis on HDL is carried out in the following cases:

  • In atherosclerosis and pathologies of the cardiovascular system associated with it (ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction). The study indicated for the prediction of complications, as well as for diagnostic purposes. Atherosclerotic vascular disease is often asymptomatic. In some patients, on the contrary, organ ischemia occurs even at a slight narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels. Depending on the location of the lesion may be complications such as gangrene of the extremities, ischemia or stroke, brain, intestines and other organs.
  • Liver diseases.
  • To identify dyslipidemia - an imbalance in blood lipid fractions.
  • To assess the risk scale SCORE, which allows to predict the probability of death from atherosclerosis consequences over the next 10 years the patient.

Norm indicators for women over the age of

HDL, the rate for women over the age of which is listed in the table are an average of at least 1.2 mmol / l. For men this figure is 1.0 mmol / l. If the results of the analysis above this value, kardiorisk is low and vice versa.

HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol
HDL cholesterol and another rate for women over the age of
The woman's age, years Range of normal values ​​of HDL, mmol / l
5-10 0,93-1,89
10-15 0,96-1,81
15 and over 0,91-1,91

How to prepare for the study

To properly prepare for the study must adhere to the following guidelines:

  • Delivery of the analysis is based strictly on an empty stomach in the morning (from 8-00 to 11-00). The last meal should be no later than 12-14 hours prior to taking the biomaterial. Water can be drunk. If there are special medical indications analysis can be taken throughout the day.
  • If the patient is taking drugs, it is necessary to notify the doctor. In agreement with him, some of them should be abolished for 10-14 days, otherwise the analysis of the results will be skewed.
  • On the day before a visit to the laboratory to avoid great physical and emotional stress, eliminate alcohol and fatty foods. 1-2 hours you need to stop smoking.
  • 15 min. prior to taking the blood is necessary to calm down, as far as possible - to rest.
  • If on the same day appointed physiotherapy treatments (massage, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, etc.), they should be carried out after blood.

In doubtful cases, when you need to retake the analysis, it is best to do it in the same laboratory at the same time of the day to eliminate the influence of random factors.

How does the biomaterial fence

To investigate the levels of HDL in a patient taking venous blood. Taking the capillary (from a finger or heel stick in young children) allowed in a few cases:

  • with extensive burns when the fence from the vein is difficult;
  • in the presence of very small veins or their remoteness;
  • obesity high degree;
  • in newborns;
  • the propensity to thrombosis.

Disposable systems are used in standard blood sampling (syringe-tube method or the vacuum apparatus).HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol

Completion assay procedure is as follows:

  1. Held patient identification (name, age, and other data).
  2. Straighten the arm of the subject and visually examined for the availability of the veins. In most cases, blood is taken from the cubital vein, as it is more mobile. If this is not possible, then the wrist. If administered medication, then choose another in a vein. Nurse putting on disposable gloves, which she has to change before each patient.
  3. On hand applied a tourniquet, prepare a needle, disinfectants and a cotton swab.
  4. The puncture site is disinfected, give a little dry and asked to work by hand, that is, to compress and unclench his fist for more intense blood flow.
  5. With the disposable needle cap is removed and punctured vein. thus the patient's hand should be slightly inclined downward.
  6. Blood collection is carried out in a test tube. As soon as her current tourniquet weaken. It can not keep on hand for more than 2 min., Since it affects the test results.
  7. After filling the tube needle is removed, and the injection site firmly clamped with a cotton swab. Keep it should be at least 3-5 min., Until the bleeding has stopped.

4 basic methods used for identifying HDL proteins in clinical practice:

  • Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins are stained, extracted from the gel, digested and analyzed in the mass spectrometer.
  • Laser desorption and ionization. In a special surface pattern is applied, and a laser beam facilitates transport of ions which are further analyzed.
  • The method of reinforcing a surface similar to the previous one. This method is used for determination of proteins in complex mixtures. Research carried out by mass spectrometry.
  • The method of liquid chromatography in combination electroionization and mass spectrometry.

How to wait for the study results

The results of the HDL can be ready within 1 business day. When severe congestion medical institution or, if necessary, the transport of biological material, this period is extended to 2-3 days.

Some commercial laboratories offer services for blood sampling at home, with home visits to the patient.

Explanation responses analysis

HDL has a reference average values ​​in the range 0,9-1,91 mmol / l. In this case, the doctor must take into account not only the rate of women over the age shown in the table above, but also its relationship to total cholesterol and LDL.

Reduced HDL below 0.9 mmol / l is treated as an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. By some estimates, the subsequent reduction in the concentration of the "useful" fraction of cholesterol per 0.13 mmol / L increases the probability of formation of coronary artery disease by 25%.HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol

In some laboratories, the analysis result is given in other units - mg / dl. For their translation in mmol / l value shown on the medical form, to be multiplied by 0.026.

Reasons for deviations from normal performance

The assay results are not the sole criterion for determining atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Accurate diagnosis can only be set by the attending physician based on cumulative data obtained in other types of laboratory and instrumental studies, as well as information from the medical history patient.

Decrease or increase in HDL cholesterol is observed in hereditary diseases, metabolic disorders and other pathologies are listed below. When addressing the underlying causes of the level of "useful" cholesterol is reduced. Some people have low levels of HDL cholesterol are not correlated with a high risk of atherosclerosis and is a feature of an individual organism.

increase

Increase in serum lipoproteins in the following cases:

  • liver diseases:
  1. primary biliary cirrhosis;
  2. chronic active hepatitis in stage;
  3. obstructive jaundice;
  4. acute poisoning.
  • Inheritance increase HDL (Familial Hypercholesterolemia IA and IIB types).

lowering

Reduced levels of HDL occurs in the following diseases and conditions:

  • Kidney Pathologies:
  1. chronic renal insufficiency;HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol
  2. nephrotic syndrome where the patient having disorders of protein and lipid metabolism and edemas.
  • Cholestasis (bile stasis).
  • Hereditary disease - primary hypo-a-lipoproteinemia.
  • Metabolic disorders:
  1. obesity;
  2. hypertriglyceridemia;
  3. diabetes decompensation.
  • Bad habits:
  1. alcoholism;
  2. smoking.
  • Total depletion of the body as a result of infectious and other severe diseases.
  • Carbohydrate diet.

Changing the concentration of proteins of this type are also detected in patients who are using the following types of drugs:

  • antiepileptics (Karbamezepin, Karbalepsin retard, Phenobarbital, Feniotin);
  • antihistamines (cimetidine and its analogs);
  • estrogens and anti-estrogens, hormonal drugs (Cyclofenil, Danazol, oral contraceptives);
  • drugs to treat hypertension (Doxazosin, Prazosin, terazosin);
  • lipid-lowering agents (lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, etc.) that increase levels of HDL;
  • other drugs - beta blockers, interferons, interleukins, diuretic medications.

How much is a study where they spend?

HDL, the rate of women over the age of which is shown in the article, you can explore any medical certified laboratory specializing in the diagnosis and laboratory analysis.HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol

The cost of such services in the commercial medical-diagnostic centers is on average 160-300 rubles. In addition, you must pay for the services of a laboratory fence venous blood - 190-200 rub.

Methods for normalization of

Increasing the level of HDL is one of the major therapeutic goals in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

To this end, several methods can be used:

  • medication;
  • recipes of traditional medicine;
  • diet, aimed at reducing the amount of animal fat and vegetable increase.HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol

Patients should also follow these guidelines to reduce the risk of complications:

  • avoiding harmful habits (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption);
  • maintain an active lifestyle, performing moderate physical activity;
  • elimination of excess weight;
  • maintaining a psychologically comfortable atmosphere, the reduction of stress.

Reducing cholesterol "useful" in medical practice is not provided, since its high concentration serves as a positive factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and their complications. If during the diagnosis it is established that an increased concentration of HDL associated with liver disease, the appropriate therapy is performed these pathologies.

preparations

Medications that promote increase in HDL concentrations, as well as their basic characteristics are given in the table below:

Title The main effect, especially The daily dosage for an adult, mg / day. Average price, RR.
Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin PP) Reduction in liver lipoprotein decay. The degree of increase HDL levels can reach 30% 15-50 in the form of tablets, in ischemic stroke is introduced into / in 30 (Table 50. 50 mg.)
Polikonazol (analogues - Nolipid, Poliksar, Fitostatin) Reduces the oxidation of lipids and the formation of blood clots. HDL concentration Propafenone is increased by 15-25% 10-20. The active substance isolated from sugar cane. Used as a food supplement 2000 (60 tab. 20 mg)
Atorvastatin (analogues - fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin) Increase HDL by 5-10%. Are the drugs of choice for cardiovascular disease 10-80 120 (30 pi. 10 mg)
Fenofibrate (analogues - Traykor, Lipantil, Ekslip) Increase the concentration of HDL cholesterol by 5-15%. 145 400 (Table 30. 145 mg)

Folk remedies

HDL, the rate among women whose age varies within a certain range, can be normalized by the following folk remedies:

  • The infusion of flowers or fruit hawthorn. For its preparation, respectively take 1 or 2 tablespoons. l. raw pour 1.5 Art. boiling water and insist to cool. This means drink in three doses during the day.HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol
  • The infusion of the leaves or the fruits of black currant. The leaves are harvested during the flowering plants. Fruits are harvested fully ripe. Infusion of berries is prepared as in the previous recipe. The leaves are used in an amount 2-3 tbsp. l. for the same amount of boiling water. Means taking 2-3 times a day by multiple portions.
  • Infusion of grass clover medicinal. Before cooking the drug is necessary to cut off the top and side shoots of the plants. The grass is dried in a ventilated room, and then threshed. The infusion is prepared in a proportion of 2-3 hours. l. feed 1.5 Art. boiling water. Drink 2-3 times a day before meals.
  • The infusion of the roots of sorrel. It is harvested in spring or autumn. Raw material is first washed, cut into pieces and dried. 1 h. l. chopped roots pour 1 tbsp. boiled water, and filter. Drink it means 1 st. l. 3-5 times a day.

Food

Diet is an important element in the comprehensive prevention of atherosclerotic complications.

There are several suggestions on how to increase the level of HDL cholesterol with the help of a balanced diet:

  • substitution of animal fat to vegetable (linseed, olive or canola oil);
  • avoiding alcohol or drinking only table wine no more than 1 tablespoon. in a day;
  • lower consumption of bakery products of high-grade flour;
  • increase consumption of foods high in dietary fiber and low glycemic index (Bunting, buckwheat, vegetables, bran, rye bread, berries - currants, raspberries, strawberries, nuts; vegetables - radishes, eggplant, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, bell peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce).HDL rate among women in the age of the blood. Which means increased, lowering cholesterol

Patients at high risk need to eat more fish and seafood (or fish oil) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, meat can eat only lean, and dairy products - fat-free.

HDL is a diagnostic criterion for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and related complications. The norm in women over the age differs slightly. Determination and treatment strategies prescription drugs depend diagnosed causes reduction of the concentration of lipoproteins.

a high level of adjustment in the practice of medicine is not carried out. If it is associated with liver disease or congenital abnormalities, the treatment is aimed at eliminating these irregularities.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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