Follicle-stimulating hormone. The norm for women, which means raised, lowered FSH in the assay as a treat

The biologically active substance, which plays a major role in a woman's body - a follicle stimulating hormone. In case of observing its deviations from the norm occur pathological processes in organs, leading to infertility, loss of libido, the appearance of severe illnesses.

What is FSH?

Gonadotropic hormone produced by the pituitary and the outer part of the placenta, the main function of which It is to regulate the work processes of the sex glands in females (ovaries), called follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The substance is a glycoprotein (two-component protein) having a molecular weight of approximately 30 kD.

FSH is produced along with LH (luteinizing hormone), it is an indispensable component for the normal functioning of the reproductive system.

Meaning of follicle stimulating hormone in the body of the woman are as follows:

• normalization synthetic estrogens;
• influence on development and maturation of the follicles;
• control ovulation processes;
• the protection and preservation of immature eggs (oocytes);
• sexual steroid production optimization substances.

When should I donate blood FSH

Conducting clinical research on blood gonadotropin administered in the following cases:

• do not attack the desired pregnancy;
• inability to bear a child due to miscarriage and fetal fading;
• when viewed in the monthly cycle disorders;
• when there are disturbances in the growth and sexual development in children;
• to diagnose disorders appearance after hormonal therapy;
• upon detection of congenital diseases (chromosomal);
• with menopause condition evaluation purposes.

hormone concentration increases to the middle of the cycle and decreases towards its end, so depending on the purposes of the study, the analyzes can be assigned to a doctor gynecologist or endocrinologist on the following dates:

• conducting test on 3-5 day from the beginning of the month - determining the presence of the hormone;
• 5-8 day of menstruation - controlled substances growth opportunities to the required level.

If clinical studies are conducted in order to identify the causes of infertility, it is important to take into account the ratio of FSH and LH, which directly depends on the conception.

Preparation for analysis

All assays to study hormonal require pre-treatment:

• The doctor finds deadlines biomaterial based on the available medical history.
• In consultation with the doctor 2 days prior to analysis stops receiving hormonal agents.
• 1 day before the procedure is recommended to avoid strenuous exercise, get round stressful situations.
• 12 hours before taking the biomaterial should refrain from smoking, drinking alcohol.
• Contraindication for the study is the presence of disease in the acute phase.

How is the analysis of FSH

Follicle stimulating hormone (rate in women depends on the period of the menstrual cycle) detected by immunochemical analysis.

readiness term results, as a rule, one day, but it depends on the research methods used for the laboratory:

• Letting biomaterial takes place in the morning on an empty stomach strictly.
• Only non-carbonated water can be drunk before the procedure.
• Before any analysis is recommended to 15 minutes alone.
• To study the blood taken from a vein.

FSH is the norm in women over the age of

The normal level of hormones gonadotropins depends on age factors and the timing of the menstrual cycle. According age follitropin oscillations averaged values ​​are tabulated.

Age	Indicators mIU / ml
1-5 years	0,2 — 11,1
6-10 years	0,3 — 11,1
11-13 years	2,1-11,1
Since puberty indicators vary in cycle phases, but are within	1,7 — 21,5
From 45 years (since menopause)	18-134,8

FSH changes depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle

Raising FSH occurs with age and with the start of menstruation. From the beginning of menstruation until oocyte maturation levels increasing steadily during ovulation reaches its peak, and then - gradually reduced, to the beginning of menstruation falls to the smallest indicators.

Menstrual Phase 1 to day 6

On day 1 of the menstrual cycle observed the growth and development of follicles, which is why the level of follicle stimulating hormone increases gradually. Normal values ​​are from 3.5 to 12.5 mIU / ml in the active period.

Follicular phase, from 3 to 14 days

With the development of the follicular phase (day 3-14), the concentration of FSH is constantly increasing. In order to see the difference index changes (increase) should undertake analyzes of the change in the dynamics of 2-3 days. It should be borne in mind that the hormone enters the blood unevenly, and pulsed impulses every 1-4 hours, the process of synthesis is about 15 min.

norm indicator in the follicular phase remains the same from 3.5 to 12.5 mIU / ml.

Ovulatory phase of from 13 to 15 day

The peak value attained at follitropin ovulatory period after passage, which gradually decreases its concentration. The phenomenon is explained by the fact that ovulation ovum maturation phase occurs, followed by the release of its appendages. Follicle has reached at the time of ovulation maximum size (largest) ruptures, forming a "corpus luteum".

FSH value in this period may range 4,7-21,5 mIU / ml.

Luteal phase of 15 days before the beginning of menstruation

Follicle stimulating hormone, the rate of women in the luteal phase, which reaches its minimum value, starting fade under the influence of enhanced production of biologically active substances "luteum" produced from the ruptured follicle. So if there has been fertilized, the uterus prepares for pregnancy, and if not, ends the menstrual cycle.

Normal values ​​in the period considered FSH 1.7 to 7.7 mlU / mL.

FSH in Pregnancy

When a fertilized egg, and with the onset of pregnancy, the ovaries gradually begin to fade. These processes are essential for successful gestation. follitropin concentration at this time is reduced, sometimes down to very low values ​​or insignificant when compared to those for non-pregnant women.

FSH remains low value and the time interval lactation, as here involved hormone prolactin, depressing other active substances. The arrival of gonadotropins to normal after childbirth, recovery of menstruation - the phenomenon purely individual, depending on the physiological characteristics of the organism.

Blood tests on hormones during pregnancy can help to identify or specify how it goes, as the developing fetus.

Raising FSH observed in aspects of:

• threatened abortion (fetus fading);
• pathologies of child development;
• with increasing risk of complications in the last trimester (late gestosis) as edema, pressurization;
• if there is a multiple pregnancy;
• in the presence of amniotic fluid levels above or below normal.

FSH menopause

Climax is characterized by a decrease in ovarian functionality and the appearance of the physiological amenorrhea, lack of reproductive capacity. The normal age for women who had menopausal phase - is 45-55 years.

The menopause can be assigned to the analysis of FSH in the following cases:

• availability complaints flow physiological changes;
• In the pathology of the observations in the period, worsening the quality of life;
• if the ovaries or determined by their dysfunction had previously been removed.

The phase of premenopause pituitary and epididymis gradually reduce their activity, resulting in reduced concentrations of estrogens. This leads to an acceleration of FSH production.

However, due to the fact that the follicles in the body there are not a large number of (supplies are limited) biologically active agent becomes unclaimed, gradually accumulates in the blood in large quantities. In menopause FSH value reaches the border to 135m IU / ml, there were cases up to 154 mIU / ml.

When the blood made large emissions follitropin, there is a variety of symptoms:

• hot flushes;
• accelerated heart rate;
• dizziness;
• obesity;
• withering of the skin;
• insomnia;
• a chronic feeling of fatigue;
• dysuria;
• dryness and soreness in the genitals.

It takes 1-2 years and his body becomes accustomed to the new state, the hormone concentration is set at the boundary in the range 18-55 mIU / ml. In modern times, there are tests to determine the onset of menopause the level of follicle stimulating hormone in the home. Analysis shows the levels of the hormone in the urine.

To obtain reliable data, the procedure should be carried out twice with an interval of a week (for the first time - from 1 day to 6 months of the calendar, again - after 7 days). Both positive result indicates the presence of pre-menopausal.

The causes of variances

Normal levels of follicle stimulating hormone may have a deviation through a series of natural factors:

• when used hormonal drugs (contraceptives);
• menopause;
• if being a wrong way of life and nutrition;
• during pregnancy and lactation;
• after strong stresses;
• when using contraceptives such as patches, spiral implants.

Low rates FSH

Pathological problems in detecting low levels of follicle stimulating hormone may be associated with factors:

• hypovarianism;
• obesity;
• deficiency functions of the pituitary and the hypothalamus;
• excess production of prolactin;
• the presence of Sheehan's syndrome;
• after surgical interventions;
• anorexia or starvation (including disorders in the nervous system);
• when estrogen used in uncontrolled doses;
• when there adrenal disease (with excess glucocorticoid production);
• after suffering heavy diseases;
• with lead poisoning.

High rates of FSH

Elevating FSH when an order of pathological disorders in the organs:

• in pituitary lobe and the hypothalamus;
• when there are tumors and cysts in the appendages;
• if there are endometriosis (growth of uterine mucous membranes);
• in the presence of hormone producing tumors (different location and nature);
• if there are genetic diseases (signs Svayera, Mereshevskogo Turner);
• with symptoms of premature dysfunction appendages (deficiency of ovarian activity before the age of 40 years).

Also negatively affect the production of FSH:

• stressful situations;
• chronic conditions;
• flowing heavy inflammatory diseases;
• autoimmune disease;
• as a result of chemotherapy;
• addiction;
• alcoholism;
• early sexual development in children, which is characterized by the formation of mammary glands, hair appearance in the pubic area and armpits, premature menstruation.

The reason for raising FSH values ​​may be the use of funds:

• Tamifena;
• antidiabetics;
• danazol;
• glucocorticoids;
• antifungal drugs;
• Bromocriptine.

The ratio of FSH to LH (luteinizing hormone)

Follicle stimulating hormone, the rate for women who do not have large information content itself, but only in relation to LH, defines the activity of the reproductive function, it is normal or pathological state.

It expressed ability to procreation by a coefficient that equals the quantitative ratio of luteinizing hormone for follitropin.

Due to the fluctuations in the concentration of gonadotropins during a woman's life, different normal values ​​factor depending on age:

• Puberty hormones in the blood and about the same ratio is 1: 1.
• Throughout the year, takes place the establishment of menstrual cycles during adolescence, with an increase of LH to follicle stimulating hormone in a ratio of 1.5: 1.
• One year after puberty and up to the menopause, FSH 1.5-2 times becomes smaller than N, i.e. the ratio is 1.5 to 2: 1.

If the ratio is less observed value of 0.5, it indicates violations in the maturation of the egg.

When the ratio is in the range of over 2.5, it indicates pathologies:

• availability polycystic ovary;
• possible pituitary tumors;
• appearance appendages dysfunction in the form of their exhaustion.

How to lower FSH?

Upon delivery of the blood test may identify high FSH levels, but once it does not mean disease. In this case, it is recommended to repeat the study in a month. The decision on the appointment of treatment takes a doctor after finding out the causes of disease.

Treatment may include:

• medications;
• methods of traditional medicine;
• dieting and the right way of life.

preparations

Drug therapy is appointed in the case of a high level of follicle stimulating hormone because of irregularities in the reproductive system:

1. If the hormone prolactin increased by oversupply, the assigned courses Dostinex or bromocriptine.

2. With a deficit of appendages function apply facilities:

• Ovariamin optimizes activity of the ovaries, the reproductive system adjusts by increasing the concentration of estrogen;
• Epifamin normalizes the monthly cycle, it is of natural origin and organizes brain function, raises immunity, leads to normal blood clotting;
• Vazalamin improves blood circulation in the tissues of the reproductive system organs, strengthens the cardiovascular system, lowers cholesterol in the blood, is made up of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and amino acids.

3. Hormonal drugs are taken in combination with vitamins.

4. If the causes of disease are the tumors, their therapy is conducted with the help of surgery and hormone substitution.

Traditional methods

Traditional methods of treatment do not have much effect, they should be used as maintenance therapy. Is used in this plant hormones of vegetable origin, can help reduce the level of FSH - this red clover, sage, lady's mantle.

Decoctions and infusions of phytohormones used:

• painful menstruation;
• when heavy bleeding;
• with irregular cycle.

Diet

Hormones often broken due to improper diet and healthy lifestyle.

To lower FSH, must adhere to the following guidelines:

• excluded from the menu fatty acids contained in marine fish (tuna, herring, mackerel, halibut);
• reduce the use of vegetable oil;
• increase the amount of vegetables, herbs, fruit;
• switch to low-fat meats and fish;
• shown porridge;
• quit bad habits such as smoking, alcohol;
• try to avoid stress.

How to increase the FSH?

The woman follicle stimulating hormone can be detected below the norm, then this pathology requires correction. The main method of treatment is medical, but there are a number of procedures and support of traditional medicine, as well as recommendations for optimizing the way of life, food.

preparations

In order to correct the hormonal appointed:

1. Biologically active preparations:

• biotin (B7 vitamin) is involved in the maturation of follicles, improves the immune system;
• Tamifen promotes ovulation call, it changes the amount of prolactin;
• bromocriptine decreases prolactin, however, has many side effects.

The purpose of using the above means - decrease prolactin levels, the recovery of the menstrual cycle, the rate of reduction in the volume of gonadotropins in blood.

One of the side effects from the use of hormones is a change in blood pressure, so taking drugs need to monitor this indicator.

2. According to the testimony of a doctor can be administered medication, optimizing weight and blood sugar levels. Such agents include metformin.

3. If diagnosed dysfunction in the adrenal cortex, then held prednisolone therapy and Hydrocortisone, promoting fluid retention, weight gain and the development of hypertension disease.

4. In identifying tumors (different origins), and surgery is carried neoplasms appointment HRT.

Folk remedies

Replace the main treatment methods of folk medicine is not recommended, as these methods are not equivalent, but they can be used as complementary measures to the basic treatment. To do this, use herbs that improve blood circulation.

Recipe herbal infusions as follows:

• 2 hours. l. calendula flowers and 1 tbsp. l. Hypericum poured into the thermos and 1 liter of boiling water;
• held for about 30 min .;
• drink throughout the day, sharing on techniques;
• duration of treatment 3 months.

Diet

Normalize FSH concentration can be adjusted if the power should be included in the menu:

• soybeans;
• nuts (peanuts);
• offal (especially liver, kidney);
• green vegetables (spinach, different varieties of cabbage);
• mushrooms;
• milk;
• eggs;
• seaweed (algae).

These foods are rich in biotin and iodine, necessary for the production of FSH.

Also not recommended:

• supercool;
• frequently change sexual partners;
• avoid stress and physical exhaustion.

Under what terms FSH is necessary to consult a doctor

Follicle stimulating hormone, the rate at which women can be disrupted by natural causes, in this case does not require treatment.

Possible factors include:

• strong emotions;
• abuse of alcohol and cigarettes;
• improper diet;
• oral contraceptives.

However, changes in the hormonal balance and may be accompanied by various diseases. With the reproductive system problems, complaints of irregular cycles, pain, bleeding, inability to conceive or bear child's initial treatment is better to make a gynecologist doctor, who will issue a referral for blood test gonadotropins.

In the case where the analysis of indicators reduced, it is possible to take the time to see a doctor, and wait a month and repeat the test. Upon confirmation of the results - to see a specialist.

When receiving data analysis with increased FSH levels should make an appointment with the doctor or gynecologist endocrinologist, in which the activity includes the treatment of hormonal disorders in the body.

Special physician reproductive system has a narrow focus - planning to become pregnant, its competence also includes the study of hormonal patients.

Complications of High and Low levels of the hormone

With timely treatment to the experts, the passage of the diagnosis and identification of the causes of high or low concentration of FSH treatment prognosis is positive.

In the case of a tightening campaign to the doctor at elevated follitropin may appear complications such as:

• infertility;
• ovarian cysts;
• formation and tumors in the pituitary gland;
• loss of libido;
• bleeding from the uterus not related to menstrual cycles.

In the chronic form the low concentration of FSH problems arise:

• infertility;
• anovulatory cycles;
• genital atrophy (underdevelopment);
• scanty menstruation.

Every woman should take care of the condition of the body, in spite of the fact whether it wants to become a mother, or just a little longer to maintain their health. For these purposes need to control the rate of FSH and LH, which are the main active substances responsible for the ability to reproduce.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of the follicle-stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone in women: