Lowered lymphocytes in the blood of children. What does that mean, cause disease, treatment

Blood composition includes a plurality of elements that perform safety functions in the body. In the study of blood test in a child pay attention to the main components: red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells.

Lowering and raising the level of lymphocytes may indicate different pathologies in the body of a young patient. Therefore recommended to carry out regular inspection of the child for early detection of problems.

What are lymphocytes

Lowered blood lymphocytes in a child - to determine the causes and consequences of the situation, it is necessary to understand that lymphocytes - the main component of the immune system are a type of white blood cells, are agranulocytes group.

Work for the proper functioning of the immune system. Formed in the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and intestinal mucosa.

Lymphocytes, depending on the activity and function are divided into several categories:

• B-lymphocytes;
• T lymphocytes;
• NK-cells.

T-cells

It occupies almost 75% of the composition. Cells originate in the bone marrow, then pass the path to the thymus. In the thymus, T cells turn into cells. The letter "T" standing in the name talks about the role of the thymus in the formation of cells.

The thymus is in the process of cell distribution and the purpose of each of these special features.

The result is several kinds of lymphocytes:

• T-cell receptors;
• T-suppressors;
• T-killers;
• T-helper cells.

T-cell type involved in the determination of protein antigens. T-suppressors include a small proportion of cells that is responsible for inhibition of the function and the restriction of the immune response. T-killer cells play a major role, as the struggle against parasites, viruses, bacteria and certain tumor bodies.

Helper T cells are responsible for regulating the immune system, they coordinate the work force and stimulate other cells. The maximum level of lymphocytes observed in newborns. This is due to the small size of the thymus. Gradually, with the growth of the person, the figure decreases

B-cells

Occupy no more than 15% of the total share count. It originates in the spleen and bone marrow. In the process of moving to the lymph nodes and fully formed. Responsible for the action of humoral immunity.

Once in the lymph node B cells begin to work in conjunction with other antigens. Shaped cells actively produce antibodies, which do not allow penetration of the immunity of foreign bodies. A certain portion of B cells have a "memory", thanks to memorize some of the antibodies that, in the event of another defeat put the attack immediately.

NK-cells

These cells make up no more than 10% of all lymphocytes. Target cells similar to the function of T-killers. However, NK-cells are more opportunities. Name cells translates as "Killer of nature." They play an important role in the destruction of cancer cells and viruses.

Each of the cell complements the work of each other, due to this human immune system has a protective barrier.
properties lymphocytes

The human body is regularly exposed to "attack" of various viruses, bacteria, fungi and cocci. The task of lymphocytes not only protect healthy cells, but also to recognize the infected, old or damaged.

Identify core functions of lymphocytes:

• identify infected cells and prevent their implementation;
• recognize "their" cell and the "wrong", this is an important time necessary for the smooth operation of the system;
• organize an attack on the affected area in order to destroy antibodies;
• remember the main types of pathogens, in this case, the following diseases are mild, as the cells begin to act immediately;
• synthesize antibodies;
• to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy cells in the body, in time to remove them and replace;
• development of memory immunity - it is necessary to remember some of the agents and to prevent their development.

Basic blood test indicators

The results are listed in the form after the general analysis of blood, may have some differences depending on the version of the study. Send a child to a summary or a detailed analysis of the doctor decides.

If a blood test is done to prevent, in his interpretation of the key is the level of hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocyte count. Since you can set the overall picture of the child's condition using this analysis.

For a more detailed study is assigned a detailed analysis, which includes the study of all major and Additional elements of the blood:

1. Hemoglobin (Hb) - This component regulates the gas exchange in the body and stored in the erythrocytes.
2. Red blood cells (RBC). They constitute the majority of blood flow. Thanks to them, the blood has saturated color. RBCs transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, is transferred nutrients, drugs spread throughout the body and toxins.
3. Color index (MCHC). The essence of the study is to determine the degree of coloration of red blood cells. This factor affects blood health. The color of red blood cells is directly related to the hemoglobin index. Deviation is considered too pale and bright color. In this case, further examination of the child.
4. Reticulocytes (RTC). One of the most important indicators in the blood of children. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells. Their number indicates the blood's ability to quickly update.
5. Platelets (PLT). Played no small role as responsible for blood clotting and thrombus formation. The ability of a blood clot in a short time is an important indicator, as it prevents bleeding and development of extensive wounds.
6. Thrombocrit (PST). Figure responsible for the platelet fraction of the entire volume of blood. With trombokrita determine the ability of blood to clot. In some cases, bleeding disorders can be observed from birth and is a hereditary disease. In order to timely detect pathology at birth should monitor the work of the blood system.
7. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). This indicator allows you to verify or refute the presence of infection in the baby's body. During inflammation in the red blood cells lose their properties, they stick to each other because of this become "heavier". In this case, the settling rate in vitro is significantly increased.
8. White blood cells (WBC) -white blood cells. They are a major component of the immune system. These cells include various subtypes, each of which has its own characteristics and functions. For an overall assessment of a child's health is sufficient to determine the number of leukocytes in the blood.
9. leukocyte formula is intended to establish the percentage of various types of leukocytes.
10. Neutrophils. Includes an extensive group of white blood cells. Are responsible for the destruction of bacteria and infections. In order to kill the infection completely, neutrophils surround the bacteria and carry out the attack.
11. Eosinophils (EOS). This group allows you to adjust the allergic reactions in the body and produces immunoglobulin. Figure taken into account when examining children in the parasitic infection.
12. Basophils (BAS). Calculating the level of basophils can determine the presence of inflammation in the body of the child, and allergies.
13. Lymphocytes (LYM). The cells responsible for destroying viruses and the fight against chronic diseases. Due to the different types of lymphocytes are well-coordinated work of the immune and protective systems.
14. plasma cells-generators protective antibodies to fight infectious diseases. The higher the plasma cells, the more the child's body resists viruses.
15. Monocytes (MON). A small number of monocytes allows to remove foreign bodies and clean the cell after suffering illness.

The norm of lymphocytes in children

To determine the level of lymphocytes in the blood of the child enough to pass a general analysis. Diagnosis is carried out in all hospitals, both paid and free.

Transcript of the analysis carried out on paper, often refer to tabulated. Determine the quality of analyzes can be yourself, it is necessary to find the LYM count. The resulting value should be compared with the table and make normal or rejection.

Table of normal lymphocytes indicators for children of different ages:

Age of the child	Normal rate (cells per 1 liter of blood)
to a year	2-11*109
1-2	3-9,4*109
2-4	2-8*109
4-6	1,4-7*109
6-8	1,4-6,7*109
8-10	1,4-6,2*109
10-16	1,1-5,3*109

In addition to numeric values, there is also allowable percentage, which varies according to age:

• up to 1 year, 45-65% acceptable slight deviation in a smaller or larger side;
• from 1 year to 7 years has been falling and is 25-55%;
• 7-8 years. At this all the cells begin to operate at full capacity and the amount is fixed at the level of 25-50%.

Lowered blood lymphocytes in a child can be for various reasons, normal value should not differ greatly from the set. The body of each child works in the individual mode, therefore allowed some differences. Upon detection of a too low or high rate, it is necessary to consult a doctor in order to determine the cause of failure.

When administered lymphocyte analysis

Study on analysis of lymphocytes can be administered in such cases:

• annual scheduled scan, is enough for a healthy baby to be tested 1 time per year, in the presence of chronic disease examination carried out twice;
• in the case of prolonged illness and after the development of complications;
• to determine the type of infection, to appoint further treatment and eliminate possible pathologies;
• in order to determine the overall condition of the child during the course of the disease.

What affects the outcome

In order to analysis proved to be accurate, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules:

• blood is delivered in the morning, after you can not eat anything. The presence of even lighter products in the child's stomach can distort the performance of lymphocytes;
• allowed to drink a small amount of water. Liquid affects the hematocrit, so do not drink more than the allowable rate;
• Prior to analysis, the child should rest. A few days before the examination, it is desirable to give up physical activities;
• it is important to maintain and psychological condition of the child, to avoid stressful situations.

Abnormalities: Causes, disease

Reduced level of lymphocytes in the blood of a child says lymphopenia. For children's health condition is extremely dangerous because the body is weakened and left without protection. As a result, the baby receives a frequent and serious illnesses. To avoid complications, it is necessary to regularly check the level of lymphocytes. This pathology is classified on the basis of basic features.

According to the content:

• relative-in this case decreases relative indicator lymphocytes;
• absolute-reduced absolute figure.

These species may exist separately or together.

By origin:

• from birth, pathology is present since the advent of the baby into the world, is extremely rare and may be the cause of HIV infection in the mother or the genetic predisposition;
• acquired-appears throughout life.

Depending on the complexity of the flow:

• sharp-evolving rapidly, because of this life-threatening, occurs after chemotherapy or radiation, it is possible in patients with renal insufficiency;
• Chronic-develops slowly and is difficult controlled, can occur because of problems with the liver, the spleen, with the development of cancer.

The main causes lymphopenia

Lowered lymphocytes in the blood of a child may be in the case of lymphopenia, which is generated due to such diseases:

1. Oncology. cancer cell formation can have different effects on the blood, thereby increasing or decreasing performance. The only type of oncological disease which behaves identically-leukemia. In this case, the blood is filled with immature cells, they can not fully perform their functions, but take place in the blood. Because of this, lymphocytes performance decline rapidly. leukemia danger is that over time the human immune system decreases and even the common cold can lead to death.
2. Violation of immunodeficiency. In this case, the protective properties of the immunity is not enough for the functioning of the body. By common diseases include: di Giorgio's syndrome, hereditary neutropenia, immune deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
3. Irradiation as a result of chemotherapy, Ionizing radiation. As a result of the emission cells are destroyed, they mutate and die. Chemotherapy kills not only malignant tumors and cells, but also part of the immune system. Compared with radiation, chemotherapy is a gentle method and as a result the level of lymphocytes leads to normal after a certain time.
4. Problems with the kidneys and liver. these bodies function in blood purification, as a result of their work is removed excess fluid, toxins and dead cells. If a failure occurs in the body, blood is filled with liquid, "rubbish", because of the lack of space lymphocytes decline.
5. Lupus. During the course of the disease appear cells of lupus erythematosus. These cells are fed healthy leukocytes and lymphocytes. As a result, rates are falling.
6. Heart failure.
7. Malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.
8. Endocrine diseases.
9. Infectious diseases infancy (e.g., tuberculosis, typhoid fever).
10. Enteropathy.

Frequently, a low level of lymphocytes due to the presence of inflammation and infection in the baby's body. In some cases, lymphopenia can be a signal of measles or polio.

symptoms lymphopenia

Lowered blood lymphocytes in a child may be due to the different pathologies, but symptomatology expressed thus:

• decreased activity, weakness;
• bad and light sleep;
• appearance of wounds on mucous membranes;
• rash;
• weak immunity, frequent colds;
• swollen lymph nodes.

In identifying the child's symptoms should consult a doctor and get tested for an accurate diagnosis and further treatment.
As lead indicator of the level of lymphocytes in the normal

Special medical therapy to increase the number of lymphocytes do not exist. Traditional medicine and the tablet will not be able to increase the B lymphocytes, as the root of the disease to be found in existing diseases.

However, there are ways and medications to help restore the normal functioning of blood cells. When the low level is caused by abnormalities in the child's body, but is only a temporary aberration, the doctor appoints a special diet and exercise.

Recommended products for the treatment of lymphopenia:

• beet;
• Garnet;
• dried fruits;
• nuts;
• apples;
• currant;
• buckwheat steamed;
• among beverage recommend choosing chicory.

In combination with a diet the child is recommended to perform moderate exercise and daily go to fresh air.

Among the medicines are mainly used complex vitamins:

1. Vitamin C.Available in the form of pills. It is used to strengthen the immune system, filling a lack of vitamin C, preventing scurvy, stimulate tissue regeneration. Not applicable to 4 years. The day should eat 1-3 pills. Do not exceed the recommended daily requirement, as there is a risk of adverse reactions and allergies. The price of 25 rubles.
2. Vitamin C. It is produced in the form of tablets for dissolution. It is used to treat lack of vitamins in the body. Effervescent tablets are much more convenient to use for the treatment of small children. On the day of use 1 tablet, which is dissolved in a glass of water. It should be remembered that the effervescent tablets do not need to dissolve, chew and bite. The course of treatment for at least 15 days. Caution should be used for children who are prone to allergies. The cost of 280 rubles.
3. Multiproduct Ascovit. Issued in the form of effervescent tablets (orange and lemon flavor). It is used to strengthen the immune system, bone, promote wound healing, recovery from long illness. It is not recommended to use in diabetes, allergies, increased blood clotting. For prevention using 1 tablet per day, and for treatment-2. Pre-drug is dissolved in a glass of water. Duration of 20 days. Price from 170 rubles.

prevention

Congenital form can not be prevented, as the disease appears with the birth of a child and does not depend on other factors.

For the prevention of the acquired form should follow these rules:

• adhere to proper nutrition, eat foods full of protein and vitamins;
• teach a child from an early age to moderate exercise;
• avoid stress and surge;
• time to treat infectious diseases.

complications

If the time has not started treatment, the complicated form of lymphopenia can grow in the following diseases:

• HIV AIDS;
• the development of cancers;
• lowered immunity, as a result of which the body often exposed to viral and bacterial infections.

The most difficult situation is in the treatment of newborn babies. Late treatment to the expert can lead to death.

Components of the blood plays an important role in maintaining the functioning of the human organism. If a child has dropped cells, this suggests potential pathologies of both congenital and acquired. Establish the presence of lymphocytes with a general blood analysis, the outcome of which depends on the diagnosis and follow-up.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of low lymphocytes

Decreased lymphocytes and related symptoms. What could be: