Glycosylated hemoglobin. What is it, the rate of women, men, deciphering how to lower

Diabetes - it is such a dangerous disease, from which it is impossible to protect 100%. According to the International Diabetes Federation, today just about every 15th inhabitant of the planet has this diagnosis.

In Russia, the situation is even worse: the sick is every 10th person and it is expected that this figure will rapid decrease in the next few years, respectively, the number of cases will be increase. In order not to be in the list of victims, it is necessary to constantly monitor the health and to periodically test for glycated hemoglobin.

What is glycated hemoglobin

Keep control of blood sugar is not easy, and many of the techniques often give incorrect results. Of the most accessible and having the effect of options - analysis on glycated hemoglobin. This study has greater reliability in comparison with glucose in the blood.

Glycosylated hemoglobin - is this connection that determines the average value of blood sugar over the last 120 days. "Glycated" can be used instead of the word "glycated". These adjectives - interchangeably, and they both indicate the hemoglobin having glucose ratio.

For healthy people with diabetes and increase in contained glycohemoglobin in the blood - a reason to go to the hospital. The doctor will prescribe a course of therapy or advise to work on the lifestyle change. For the prevention of disease suggest a special diet, subject to which you want to eat only the food, which contains a small amount of carbohydrates.

A method for checking blood sugar by determining glycated hemoglobin is quite effective. However, it does have one drawback: its effectiveness is reduced when blood held any manipulation.

For example:

• if the patient is involved in blood transfusion, donor performance glycohemoglobin and the one who handed the blood to become different;
• decrease false results happens after hemolysis and bleeding;
• false inevitably increase can be observed in iron deficiency anemia.

glycohemoglobin checking will help in the case of:

• if you check the level of sugar is on the very brink of the norm;
• when the patient does not comply with the diet for 3-4 months, and one week before the study stopped using harmful carbohydrates, hoping that no one on this will not be known.

After the diagnosis should see a doctor. The specialist will tell you how often to be tested for therapy control. If the patient no matter what is not complaining, the timing of visits to the office of the endocrinologist appoints Dr. The duration of the life of red blood cells determine the frequency of the survey on glycohemoglobin. This should be done every 120 days.

If there are no complaints or negative trends, there is no reason to visit the doctor more often.

Norm

Category	Description
adult	Norm is glycohemoglobin content is 5%. Deviation to either side of 1% can be considered negligible. Target values ​​are dependent on the age and the nuances of the disease. For example: young people glycohemoglobin must keep no more than 6.5%; for the middle-aged - not more than 7%; for the elderly population - 7.5%. However, on these figures it makes sense to say, if there is no complications of patients and there is no risk of severe hypoglycemia. In another case, index must increase by 0.5% for each category. Denotes the result is not the patient. Checks should be carried out simultaneously with the analysis of blood glucose. The average value of glycohemoglobin and its norm does not ensure that during the day the level will not change dramatically.
For pregnant	glycohemoglobin levels in these women may be significantly different from the norm, because the mother's body is working on herself and the child. The norm is the following indicators: up to 28 years - to 6.5%; from 28-40 years - up to 7%; 40 years and more - up to 7.5%. If a pregnant glycohemoglobin level of 8-10%, which is indicative of complications and require treatment. Analysis of sugar expectant mother must necessarily pass and several times during the entire pregnancy, having eaten just before the procedure.
For children	glycohemoglobin norm in children and adults is equal to 5-6%. The only difference lies in curbing the high rate. If it is to knock down sharply, the baby may have vision problems. It should be remembered that the child's body is still not strong enough and so for him you need a special approach.
For people with diabetes	If the diagnosis is made, the patient's main task is to keep the index in the range of 7%. It is not easy and the patient has to take into account a lot of features. To the task of curbing the growth of sugar are used: insulin (when necessary); subject to the special strict diet; frequent passing examinations; Use the meter.

Nuances of glucose control in women during pregnancy

Despite the advantages to glycohemoglobin study, pregnant women it is better not to do, because the problem of increase in blood glucose often occurs after the 6th month. The same analysis will only increase after 2 months, which is close to the actual birth already and if figures are too high, measures to reduce them will already be ineffective.

Upon delivery of the same blood in the morning and on an empty stomach, the result will be useless: the glucose level is higher after eating, and after 3-4 hours of its high performance can harm the mother's health. At the same time, to keep on controlling blood sugar is necessary.

It will be the most informative analysis of the level of sugar in the blood, made at home. By purchasing the analyzer can perform the test at home after half an hour, 1 and 2 hours after the meal. Level must not be higher than 7.9 mmol / l, when it is higher, it requires treatment to the doctor.

Reasons for decline

Glycosylated hemoglobin - it is such a special connection, which can reduce the rate of disease Blood characterized swift destruction of erythrocytes, or the presence of abnormal forms of low-level hemoglobin.

It maybe suffering from malaria, after surgery to remove the spleen, anemia, renal failure, in patients suffering from alcoholism.

Reasons for increase

On increase of glycohemoglobin affects high fetal hemoglobin content: it becomes the cause of his false increases. insufficient amount of iron in the body is also affected, splenectomy, diabetes condition in impaired glucose tolerance.

Indications for study

Glycosylated hemoglobin - is such a connection, which rate should be kept under constant control.

Indications for the study are:

• screening and diagnosis of diabetes;
• monitoring long controlling hyperglycemia in humans with diabetes;
• determining the level of compensation of diabetes;
• impaired glucose tolerance;
• examination of women in the state.

Glycohemoglobin analysis should take place at the following manifestation of symptoms of diabetes:

• dry mouth;
• nausea;
• causeless weight loss;
• weakness;
• excessive fatigue;
• constant feeling of hunger or thirst;
• the urge to empty the bladder too often;
• too long wound healing;
• skin diseases;
• visual impairment;
• tingling in hands and feet.

To which the doctor ask

If glycohemoglobin level is very high, it is necessary to visit an endocrinologist. If the doctor will not allow confirmation of the diagnosis, you should pay a visit to a hematologist; he can determine if there are abnormalities in the functioning of the spleen, as well as to identify the hemoglobin disorders and anemia.

Advantages compared to conventional analysis for sugar

Analysis of blood glycohemoglobin has many advantages over the traditional method of determining the sugar level, based on the use of the meter:

1. Fast performance.
2. Possibility of delivery at any time of the day and regardless of the meal.
3. High accuracy. This study accurately determine whether the patient has diabetes. Moreover, the disease can be identified much earlier than with traditional blood tests conducted before eating.
4. Independence indicators. The doctor, regardless of training, can always determine whether the patient should be the level of sugar in the past 3 months.

How to prepare for analysis

One of the main advantages to glycohemoglobin analysis concluded that there is no special preparation.

the result is independent of the factor:

• psycho-emotional state;
• physical exertion;
• medication, including antibiotics;
• colds and infections;
• Food consumption and the period before or after it;

The whole preparation process is to morale and to obtain a referral from the doctor if necessary.

How to get tested

WHO claims that glycohemoglobin levels in the blood - this is an important criterion according to which established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. This method of diagnosis is used to control the disease, diagnosed earlier.

Glycosylated hemoglobin index helps to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy and if necessary change the dosage of oral medications designed to reduce sugar. Because compensate for diabetes, it is very important: it reduces the risk of complications.

If the patient is not sure that the analysis was done accurately, it should consult with your doctor about how to properly take the test. It is possible that there are individual characteristics. The physician will readily be able to identify them, taking into account the patient's medical history.

The possibility of determining glycated hemoglobin is new, so in some medium-sized towns, this analysis still can not hold. Consequently, control of diabetes for the residents of these cities becomes difficult.

interpretation of results

Glycosylated hemoglobin - is such a connection, which values ​​correspond to the average of blood sugar levels over a 3 month period.

Appropriate indicators and diagnosis based on them may be as follows:

Glycohemoglobin (%)	Blood Glucose (mmol / l)	Effect on diagnosis
4	3,8	This means that the metabolism of carbohydrates goes well and the risk of diabetes is very small.
4,5	4,6	Diabetes risk is minimal.
5	5,4
5,6	6,5
until 6	close to 7	The patient has a high risk of diabetes, which means that he should eat less sweets and refer to an endocrinologist.
6,4	< 7,5	This is also a high rate, and the patient should be taken to reduce it measures necessary to eliminate from the diet of foods containing a lot of sugar. You should also consult with a specialist.
above 6.5	< 8	The doctor diagnosed diabetes only provisionally: some more tests should go to confirm or refute.

People with diabetes glycohemoglobin levels may exceed the norm by several times, for example, the rate:

Glycohemoglobin (%)	Blood Glucose (mmol / l)
< 8	< 10
10	13,7
12	17,4
15	23

What affects the outcome

To increase the level of glycohemoglobin is influenced by the following factors:

• abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates;
• insufficient production of insulin;
• impaired glucose splitting process;
• incompetent treatment, resulting in prolonged blood glucose;
• excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages;
• anemia (insufficient amount of iron in the blood);
• conducted an operation to remove the spleen;
• blood donation.

To reduce the level of performance is affected by:

• products containing iron;
• Vitamins C, E and B12;
• ribaverin;
• various means, appointed in HIV therapy.

Normalization of glycosylated hemoglobin

There are several ways to reduce the level of glycohemoglobin. The simplest of them - the use of special drugs that are prescribed by the doctor. But equally important is the correct way of life. The main reason, as the increase or decrease the level of sugar - it's food ration and competent.

According to some studies, ill type 2 diabetes, reduce the rate of glycohemoglobin levels even 1% less prone to heart failure, cataract.

In order to stabilize the level of glycohemoglobin, you need to:

1. Decrease in amount of diet foods containing carbohydrates (at elevated index) and switch (reduced).
2. Eat more vegetables and fruits (especially bananas), cereals and legumes.
3. Unsubscribe from refined carbohydrates - pastry, bread made from white refined flour, baking, chips, soda, and various sweets. If you can not remove them completely, you need to try to eat less or to replace natural products.
4. Include in the diet of low calorie dairy products, it will support the presence of calcium and vitamin D in the body.
5. Eat vegetable fats, nuts are especially useful.
6. Cinnamon use as a seasoning, but not more than 0.5 hours. l. per day.
7. Be sure to keep an eye on portions.

Another effective way to return to the normal sugar content - to maintain an active lifestyle.

Frequent exercise:

• help get rid of extra calories;
• strengthen the cardiovascular system;
• reduce the risk of depression and stress;
• thanks to them that the body will always remain in good shape.

An important regular walks in the fresh air. For those who are contraindicated for exercise, recommended by Nordic walking, swimming, yoga, breathing exercises and meditation.

Regularity and continuity schedule is important in everything. This applies to training, eating and sleeping, time of treatment and research. Such analysis points to help the patient to monitor and regulate not only glycohemoglobin, but also his life in general.

Also, there are medical techniques to prevent complications of the disease and to reduce the amount of glycated iron-containing protein.

the following measures:

• pressure support at the level of 140/90 mm Hg. Article .;
• adjust the level of fat that there was no risk of atherosclerotic changes of blood vessels;
• Annual eye exams, nerves, kidneys and legs. The patient will need to control the appearance of their legs, especially in the presence of blisters, redness or bruising, herbs, corn and various fungal infections.

An analysis should be three times a year, at the same time bear in mind that this study is not a substitute for determining the level of glucose in the usual meter and use both of these methods must be integrated. Reduce the rate recommended gradually - approximately 1% per year and does not seek the total figure of 6%, and the values ​​are different for different age groups.

Knowing this figure (a glycosylated hemoglobin), it is possible to better control the disease, to make the necessary adjustments in the dose of sugar products in such preparations, which are intended to reduce sugar.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of glycosylated hemoglobin

Elena Malysheva of glycated hemoglobin: