Analyzes on hormones in women. When, what, how to donate. Table deciphering

Analyzes on hormones - an important step in the examination of women not only in the planning of pregnancy, but also in various pathologies affecting the functioning of the reproductive system. Hormones play an important role in fulfilling the work of the body and their imbalance provokes the deterioration of physical and emotional condition of the woman.

What are hormones and their functions in the body

Hormones - a biologically active substance produced in the endocrine glands, and for controlling the functions of the body.

Conventionally, they are divided into groups:

• growth;
• sex;
• exchange;
• stress;
• corticosteroids.

For fertility, as well as the normal functioning of the reproductive and endocrine organs women respond biologically active substances.

They are as follows:

• oxytocin;
• progesterone;
• testosterone;
• estrogen;
• prolactin;
• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH);
• luteinizing hormone (LH).

Estrogen - plays a key role in the formation of the menstrual cycle, so is considered one of the main female hormones.

The class of estrogens include:

• estradiol;
• estrone;
• estriol.

Oxytocin - pituitary hormone that is involved in the process of lactation, as well as the normal course of labor in women.

It performs the following functions:

• reduction in breast ductal cells and lactation software process;
• stimulation of uterine contractions;
• impact on sexual behavior

Progesterone - a hormone that is responsible for the smooth operation of the reproductive system and functions as:

• alignment endometrial thickness;
• relaxation of muscles of the uterus;
• intensity decrease immunity after fertilization;
• facilitating the process of childbirth.

Testosterone - a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and affects sexual desire - libido.

As well as:

• responsible for the operation of the sebaceous glands;
• increases muscle tone;
• It improves memory;
• increases stress.

Prolactin - a hormone synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland and a number of important functions:

• participate in the growth and development of the mammary glands;
• preparation for lactation breast;
• participation in the water-salt metabolism;
• provision of contraceptive action during breastfeeding.

Hormones FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland. FSH effect on the development of follicles, and LG - the functioning of the ovaries.

How and under what conditions produced hormones

Playback of hormones by the body - a complex process with many stages. It uchuvstvuyut brain, endocrine glands, nervous system. Highly active hormone produced in the glands or organs, and then using the protein into the blood, and distributed by the blood stream to other organs and systems.

For the education of all the necessary hormones responsible organs of the endocrine system:

• thyroid;
• pancreas;
• the adrenal glands;
• pituitary.

The body produces a special transport proteins for transporting hormones to organs and tissues. Nerve impulses are fed to the glands, regulate hormone formation process - decrease or increase blood flow and vascular tone.

This affects the amount of produced biologically active substances. Production of hormones occurs impulsive individual doses. The necessary moment they are activated and act on the body's cells.

Table parameters of hormones in norm

Analysis of hormones in women makes it possible to assess the state of the hormonal system, building on data accepted normal values. A follow-up study will vary according to the menstrual cycle phases and age characteristics.

Hormone	Cycle 1 Phase	Phase 2 cycles	menopause
Progesterone	0,1 – 1,1	0,1 – 1,1	1,7b - 5.2
estrogens: · Estrone; · Estradiol;	5 – 9 15 – 160	3 – 25 27 – 246	5 – 9 5 – 30
Testosterone	0,45 – 3,17	0,29 – 1, 73	0,12 – 1,7
prolactin	4, 5 – 33	6,3 – 49	3 – 15
FSH	2,7 – 6,7	2,1 – 4,1	29,5 — 54,8
LH	1,45 – 10	1, 07 – 9,1	11,3 — 50,3

Symptoms of increased rates of hormones

Hormonal disorders in women can occur at any stage of formation and development of the reproductive system.

This leads to various disorders of the body, which manifest themselves in the form of the following common symptoms:

• menstrual disorders;
• increased nervousness and irritability;
• dizziness and headaches;
  
• unjustified increase in weight;
• swelling;
• hirsutism - excessive hairiness of androgenic type.

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in girls during puberty:

• scanty menstruation or the complete lack of them after the age of 16;
• excessive growth of hair in the armpit or pubic part, or vice versa - the lack of hair in these areas;
• excessive thinness.

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women of reproductive age:

• difficulty conceiving a child;
• Frequent miscarriages;
• missed abortion;
• irregular menstrual cycle;
• prolonged absence of menstruation;
• frequent uterine bleeding.

Failures in women in menopause and menopause:

• long-term depression;
• state of apathy;
• sleep disorders;
• breast pain.

Reasons for increasing hormones

Changes in hormones of a woman's body due to many reasons, the main ones being:

• hereditary factor;
• various pituitary tumors;
• decreased thyroid function;
• dysfunction of the adrenal cortex;
• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• chronic fatigue syndrome;
• prolonged stress;
• use of oral contraceptives;
• autoimmune processes;
• sleep disorders;
  
• smoking and alcohol abuse.

Indications for the study of hormones

Analyzes on hormones in women prescribed by the doctor and the endocrinologist is mandatory in the following cases:

• planning to become pregnant;
• problems with gestation;
• a systematic failure of the menstrual cycle;
• unjustified increase in weight;
• excessive growth of hair on the androgenic type - on the face, the chest and abdomen.

Also, a survey conducted on hormones during pregnancy if there are factors that complicate the development of the fetus in utero.

How to determine the hormones

Diagnosis of the level of sexual female hormones are made up of a set of measures, including laboratory testing methods:

• blood analysis;
• study of cervical mucus;
• analysis of cellular composition of strokes;
• skin-allergic test;
• hormonal tests.

Analyzes on hormones in women consist of a collection of venous blood by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the indicators:

• estradiol;
• progesterone;
• prolactin;
• FSH;
• LH.

The study of the cervical mucus can determine the level of estrogen in each of the three phases of the menstrual cycle. Analysis smear of cellular structure helps to identify estrogenic insufficiency or saturation, which allows you to diagnose moderate or expressed hypovarianism.

Allergic skin-test - diagnostic method in which the intramuscular injection hormone preparations (estrogens and progesterone), and then monitored for skin reaction conduct tests. In place of the skin puncture formed papule. If it is accompanied by the appearance of allergic reactions, this indicates normal functioning of the corpus luteum.

If there is no response to a progesterone can speak of anovulatory cycle.

Hormonal sample - intramuscular keeping a small amount of hormonal preparations, after which the reaction is monitored menstrualnopodobnoe appearance.

For samples of samples used drugs:

• progesterone;
• estrogen;
• dexamethasone;
• clomiphene;
• lyuliberin.

Preparation and analysis of hormones

Analyzes on hormones - an important event that requires careful preparation.

The study of blood serum of women is carried out strictly on a certain day of the menstrual cycle:

• to estradiol - 2-4 day cycle;
• progesterone - on day 22 with regular menstruation;
• FSH and LH - 2-4 day cycle;
• prolactin - any day of the menstrual cycle.

In order to obtain accurate information about the state of hormonal background, the woman before the diagnosis of certain rules must be followed.

For example:

• restrict themselves from physical exertion and emotional stress for 3 days prior to the study;
• for 24 hours to give up alcohol, smoking;

  

• verify the absence of elevated body temperature and infectious diseases;
• stop taking all drugs a week before the analysis.

Analysis for hormones pass in the morning (about 8-9 hours. am) on an empty stomach. It is recommended not to eat food several hours before delivery of the analysis.

Deciphering hormone test results

Analysis of hormones in women after decoding to determine the required parameters and estimating the state of the endocrine system. If the results have already been obtained, and consult a doctor there is no way you can independently determine whether the normal level are those or other hormones.

Blood test results are in the table, the first column which carries information about the inspected hormone title:

• progesterone;
• testosterone;
• prolactin;
• TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone);
• DHEA (an androgen hormone);
• FSH (follicle stimulating hormone);
• LH (luteinizing hormone).

In the next column, "result" indicators fed hormones at the time of analysis.

In addition to numbers, next is the unit of measurement:

• ng / ml - nanogram hormone per 1 ml of blood serum;
• nmol / l - nanomoles hormone in 1 liter of plasma;
• ng / dl - nanogram hormone in 1 deciliter plasma.

Determine the presence of abnormalities can be by checking their data with the submitted standards that are in the last column of the table.

Often, the numbers of the results vary depending on the phase of the cycle, in which the tests were commissioned:

• follicular phase - The 1st phase of the cycle until the day of ovulation;
• ovulatory phase - the period of ovulation;
• luteal phase - 2nd phase of the cycle on the day of ovulation until the next menstrual period.

If any indicator hormones to see a doctor

If a woman has a desire to own a blood test for hormones, she should know under what test results it is necessary to consult an endocrinologist. Medical help is needed in cases where the hormones in the blood parameters deviate from accepted norms - significantly raised or lowered.

How to bring the hormones back to normal

Hormone imbalance in women is eliminated with the use of drugs, methods of treatment of the national and physiotherapy. The method you choose will depend on the reasons that triggered hormonal disturbance, as well as on whether it is a group of hormones or hormone is in excess or deficit.

Medications

Drug treatment consists of hormonal preparations, in particular, oral contraceptives, and vitamin complexes.

Hormonal oral contraceptives (OCs) are:

• combined (It is composed of progesterone and estrogen);
• non-hybrid (The structure includes an artificial analogue of progesterone).

They are used in gynecological disorders, which provoked an unstable female hormonal background.

OK, the following:

• regulon;
• Diane-35;
• Jess;
• Yasmin;
• Midian.

Depending on what kind of hormone is produced in insufficient quantities, are assigned certain drugs.

At deficiency of estrogen are used:

1. Livial - tablets having estrogenic activity and histogens. Mitigate symptoms of hormonal imbalance: excessive sweating, hot flashes, frequent headaches. Used in women during menopause of 2.5 mg per day. Duration of treatment - at least 3 months.
2. proginova - preparation main substance is estradiol valerate provider specific estrogenic effect. It stimulates the development of the uterus and eliminates disorders in women related to hormonal disorders. The dosage regimen prescribed individually. The recommended daily rate - 2.1 mg.
3. Ovestin - hormonal agent comprising estriol - female hormone. Actively used in infertility. The drug is administered at a dosage of 1-2 mg per day, beginning 6 to 15-day menstrual cycle.

For correction of the level of progesterone in its lack of the following drugs are used:

1. utrozhestan - a capsule with the active agent progesterone. It is used for menstrual irregularities and premenstrual tension syndrome. Dosing regimen: 200-300 mg per day, divided into 2 doses.
2. Duphaston - is used in patients with severe premenstrual syndrome, cycle disturbances and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Dosage regimen: 10 mg 2 times a day with 11 to 25-day cycle.

When braking puberty in girls and to stimulate ovulation are used gonadotropin, which is part of the following means.

Scroll:

1. Pregnil - triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone. Produced in a solution for preparing injections. The dosage regimen is determined individually.
2. Horagon - powder for injection. The drug is administered intramuscularly at 3, 6 and 9 after the day of ovulation in an amount of 1500 - 500 IU depending on the individual indications.

With an excess of estrogen to reduce its synthesis are used:

1. Zoladex - a drug that reduces the concentration of estradiol in the blood serum. Applicable 1 capsule, which is injected into the anterior abdominal wall 1 time per day every 28 days.
2. Diferelin - means for preparing a suspension suspending ovarian estrogen secretion. The prepared solution was intramuscularly administered at a dose of 3.75 mg 1 time per day every 4 weeks.

elevated progesterone treatment is carried out using:

1. Gynestril - a synthetic steroid, blocking the excessive production of progesterone. Take 50 g of 1 times a day for 3 months.
2. Esmiya - progesterone receptor modulator. The drug is started after the onset of menstrual bleeding in the first week of the menstrual cycle. The duration of treatment is 3 months.

To normalize the hormonal balance recommended for women taking vitamin complexes, which include vitamins A, E, C, D and folic acid.

These are drugs:

• Chi-Klim;
• Complivit for women;
• Estrovel;
• Remens.

Traditional methods

To normalize the production of the required amount of hormones in women also used folk remedies. They are not able to completely get rid of the problems, but effective as an adjunctive treatment in the adjuvant therapy.

The most effective following traditional recipes:

1. Flax-seed. To reduce the symptoms of hormonal disorders should take 30 g of linseed per day, with plenty of water. Tangible result manifest after 2 weeks of treatment.
2. The infusion of sage. Sage contains a large number of phytohormones promoting formulation when estrogen deficiency. To prepare you need 1 tbsp. l. Dried crushed grass sage pour 500 ml hot water and infuse for 1 hour. Take 50 ml of solution 3 times a day.
3. Infusion of upland uterus or red brush. Reception means is carried out from the 16th to 25th day of the menstrual cycle. To prepare the infusion, you need to take 10 grams of crushed dried plants, to fill his cup of boiling water and soak for 15 minutes under the lid closed. Infusion taken 2 times a day for 100 ml. The duration of treatment is 3 months.
4. The infusion of hops and oregano. To prepare an infusion, should take 10 g of hops and oregano, pour 200 ml of boiling water. The resulting solution infuse for 1 hour and taking 100 ml, 2 times a day.
5. Infusion of fenugreek. That the normalization of hormonal levels and the elimination of painful menstruation in women used fenugreek seeds. 1 h. l. seeds pour cup of boiling water and a thermos for 30 min. Divide the resulting solution serving for 3 doses.

Other methods

In addition to therapy, medication therapy, when applied diet therapy hormonal disorders. Due to the fact that hormonal disruptions provoked a sharp increase in weight, it is important to observe proper nutrition. It helps regulate metabolism, reduce the burden on the pancreas and provide the body with all the essential vitamins and minerals.

Basic principles of power at elevated or reduced level of hormones:

• eating large quantities of fruits and vegetables;
  
• the use of cereals, milk and dairy products, white and red meat, fish;
• rejection of fried, fatty, starchy foods, spicy foods;
• the rejection of fast food and carbonated drinks;
• unacceptable use of alcohol and smoking.

The daily ration should be divided into 3-5 meals, eat small meals. On the day drink about 2 liters of pure water. Another method of treatment is surgical intervention.

It is indicated in cases where hormonal failure in women is triggered:

• pituitary tumors;
• PCOS;
• thyroid tumors.

To remove tumors surgical methods are used:

• laparoscopy;
• resection of the ovaries;
• laser removal;
• galvanocautery ovaries;
• removing with a scalpel.

possible complications

Hormone imbalance leads to disruption of the functioning of the whole body and can cause a number of pathological processes:

• diabetes;
• infertility;
• benign and malignant tumors;
• osteoporosis;
• problems during gestation;
• obesity;
• atherosclerosis.

The analysis on hormones - an important diagnostic tool in women, able to assess the work of the endocrine and reproductive systems. Hormonal influences all internal organs and well-being of women in general. Therefore, it is important to timely inspection, if there is suspicion of a hormonal imbalance.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of analyzes on hormones in women

Female hormones - types, how they work, what analyzes to hand: