Epstein-Barr virus in children. Symptoms that it is EBV, the treatment, the rate forecast than dangerous, doctors advice, Komarovsky

Epstein-Barr virus is the most common among men, as its carrier is every second in the world. The child has the symptoms of herpes virus infections often occur in the first year of life, as well as preschool age. Experts say that the disease is easier to carry children.

In case of incorrect treatment of the danger of infection lies in the development of brain disorders, internal organs and lymphatic system.

What is the Epstein-Barr virus

It was first discovered Professor Michael Epstein with his assistant in the composition of lymphoma tumors

. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the herpes family, so it is sufficient to face the infection once in their lives, so that it was fixed in immunity forever.

On Earth, the holders of the virus, there are about 95%, but treatment with the usual carriers of is required. Antibodies affect lymphocytes, resulting in the child's immune system is destroyed. Epstein-Barr virus in the child (symptoms may have a different character) causes the disease - infectious mononucleosis.

At the moment, there is no vaccine that protects against disease. The complexity of creating protective methods is that the virus is under development is capable of changing the protein composition. The causative agent is dangerous to children's health that can cause complications of other diseases mutate and parasite in healthy tissues.

Types of Epstein-Barr virus

The shape of the disease may have these types:

• typical view includes all the features of mononucleosis;
• atypical species can occur without symptoms, have mild symptoms or wear visceral character when inflamed internal organs.

  

Types of infectious mononucleosis:

• acute or chronic;
• protracted;
• complicated.

Stage and grade of Epstein-Barr virus

The virus is conventionally divided in some respects, as the official classification at the moment. The period of the occurrence of the infection can be congenital or acquired. It was found that the virus is often transmitted from mother to child. Phase of the disease can be active and inactive.

Epstein-Barr virus in the child (symptoms depend on the severity of the disease) can occur in the following forms:

1. Easy. At this stage, there is a slight increase in body temperature, which is kept for 5-7 days. In tonsils a thin film or islands, difficult breathing and increased lymph nodes. In some cases, there is an increase in the internal organs. A mild form of the child lasts about 2 weeks.
2. Average. In this case, the temperature of 38 ° C lasts about 7-10 days, there is difficulty in breathing, lymph nodes is significantly increased. Improper treatment can lead to complications. The average form of the disease persists for a month.
3. Heavy. Body temperature rises above 39 ° C and held for a week. On the tonsils visible plaque, nasal breathing is difficult. The patient may experience asthma attacks, especially at night. Lymph nodes are increased by more than 3 cm and merge. Changing the size of the liver and spleen of 3-4 cm. The disease duration of about 2 months.

The symptoms of Epstein-Barr virus

The incubation period often takes 1 to 2 months. Epstein-Barr virus in the child has severe symptoms, but the first signs of the presence of the pathogen in the body appear a few days later. At the initial stage, to identify the type of infection is often difficult.

Pawn easy flow of Epstein-Barr virus in a child - good immunity. In this case, the infection will take place, as a cold without complications, and the load on the internal organs.

When you immunocompromised observed different clinical picture, which includes the following manifestations:

• Disease begins with the general intoxication and headaches;
• the child becomes lethargic, fatigue occurs;
• body temperature rises to the level of 38-39 ° C, which leads to fever;
• for some forms characterized by the appearance of diarrhea, vomiting, nausea;
• the child is naughty and refuses to eat;
• As the disease progresses there is pain in the throat and joints;
• during the inspection expressed throat inflammation of the tonsils, in severe cases, the tonsils can block the nasal passages;
• increase in internal organs, due to which the patient feels discomfort on palpation;
• possible red rash on the body;
• because of the constant discomfort of the child can not sleep;
• there is pain in the muscles;
• mucous membranes appears herpes;
• reduced weight.

Causes of Epstein-Barr virus

The pathogen enters the body during childhood. At risk are infants under one year and children 2-6 years. About half of the cases of infection accounted for during breastfeeding, when the virus is passed to the child with the mother's milk.

However, isolated and other transmission path:

1. Through the blood.
2. Airborne. The virus is located on the mucous nose, mouth and respiratory route, therefore the infection occurs through coughing and sneezing. Perhaps even pick up an infection during a conversation with the patient.
3. Contact. In this case, the infection occurs through saliva and kissing, since most of the virus is in the oral cavity.
4. During a bone marrow transplant.

Virus Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus

Diagnose child virus only relying on the signs is not always possible, as the symptoms in the early stages is similar to other infectious diseases. Primarily difficulties arise in the diagnosis erased or atypical form, as the clinical picture is distorted significantly.

In the case of acute and marked with different symptoms. For diagnosis is assigned a blood test for specific antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus.

Other diagnostic techniques that allow us to establish a picture of the disease and prescribe further treatment:

View	Purpose of the study
Blood chemistry	Establish the presence of atypical cells, which are responsible for the defeat of the liver and spleen.
Ultrasound of internal organs	Since the infection affects the spleen and liver, ultrasound allows to establish the state of internal organs, as well as how they are raised.
Linked immunosorbent assay	It identifies antibodies to the virus. IgG factor - it speaks of previous myocardial infection and the presence of immunologic memory; Factor IgM -otmechayut only in the acute period of infection, when the virus is actively multiplying.
Polymerase chain reaction	It allows you to find the DNA of the virus in different parts of the body, which means that the infection is in the active phase. As a material suitable for the analysis of blood, saliva, or swab the oral mucosa.

Blood analysis is carried out in a clinical laboratory. The average price - 400 rubles. After recovery, re-appointed by a blood test in order to determine the result of the treatment and to avoid the development of complications.

When to see a doctor

When the first signs of illness should contact a pediatrician. Intrigue virus is that its symptoms are similar to the normal of SARS, which parents used to be treated at home without medical assistance. The doctor conducts an initial examination of the child, and assigns further diagnosis.

To begin appointed a clinical blood test to determine the presence of virus in the body of the baby. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the physician guides the child to a consultation with an infectious diseases, which will deal with further treatment.

In addition to infectious virus diseases can produce chronic fatigue syndrome, which manifests itself in fatigue, lack of energy, lack of power to perform regular work, poor sleep and differences mood. In this case, need help of a neurologist. The syndrome rarely occurs in childhood and is mostly seen in adults.

Prevention of Epstein-Barr virus

Specific rules preventing the virus enters the body of the child at the moment. It contacts to the fact that the causative agent of the virus lives in the body of each person and you can not always predict its occurrence. Despite the fact that early treatment provides a positive result, the development of the virus is fraught with the formation of complications.

The main rule in the prevention of any viral infections is to strengthen the immune system, as reduced protection can result in the development of the disease.

Support the immune system can be observing a healthy lifestyle, which includes:

1. Proper nutrition. This point is especially important for children, because a growing body needs vitamins and minerals. At the moment, there are various medicines vitamin complexes, which are compiled according to the child's age.
2. Hardening. This procedure is recommended to teach children right from birth. However, one should consult a doctor so that he explained how to do it right, so as not to harm the baby.
3. Moderate physical activity. Sports and trekking allow the body to function properly. Today's children spend the most time on the computer at home or near the TV. Due to the passive life problems since childhood, which in some cases can result in complications.
4. In addition to strengthening the immune system in childhood is important to monitor the child's circle of communication. Once the baby begins to walk in the garden, he falls into the social sphere in which there is a lot of people. Since EBV virus may pick up droplets and by contact, the contamination easily occurs in the garden. To reduce the risk, parents should teach a child to observe good personal hygiene.

Methods of treatment of Epstein-Barr virus

Epstein-Barr virus have opened not so long ago, so before the end of the pathology considered unexplored. Experts are trying to improve the methods of treatment, which is especially important in cases with children.

The smaller the child, the more carefully selected medication because most drugs has contraindications for children age and side effects. At the moment, very few products that fit the kids and at the same time fighting off infection. For this reason, serious drugs are prescribed by the attending physician only in exceptional situations.

Medications

For the treatment of moderate and severe forms of children's infections are often placed in a hospital. Mild forms can be cured at home medications to reduce fever, vitamins and proper nutrition.

Epstein-Barr virus in the child (symptoms help prescribe treatment) in addition to the diet is controlled such drugs:

1. Antiviral. Of this group, suitable for children: Acyclovir, Famciclovir and Valaktsiklovir. This group of drugs is not so detrimental effect on the liver, which is almost always affected by the virus.
2. acyclovir It is produced in the form of tablets, ointments, lotions and solution. However, only a cream and ointment can be purchased without a prescription. When choosing the form of the drug is important to take into account the severity of the disease. If the virus affects the mucous areas and causes herpes ointment is used. If herpes is not manifested externally, tablets. The drug is used for children from 3 years. May cause nausea, diarrhea and headache. Children's medicines is assigned to 1 tablet 4 times a day. The course of treatment does not exceed 5 days. Using ointment sufficiently handle region with herpes drug thin layer. Price from 34 rub ointment, tablets of 150 rubles.
3. Famciclovir. It is produced in the form of tablets. Prescribed for the treatment of herpes in adults and children. Among contraindications isolated renal failure and increased sensitivity to the drug. Apply 1 tablet 3 times a day. Duration of treatment 7-10 days. Price from 1435 RUB.
4. Valaktsiklovir. It is produced in the form of tablets. Used for the prevention and treatment of herpes. Among contraindications emit only individual intolerance components. Side effects: headache, nausea, irritability, insomnia, and diarrhea. Drug use 2 times a day 1 tablet. The duration of intake should not exceed 7 days. Price from 360 rubles.
5. immunomodulatory treatment appointed in order to strengthen the immune system and restore the protective functions of the body. In this case the administration of drugs should last for at least 2 weeks. Apply: Isoprinosine, Kagocel, Viferon.
6. Izoprinozin. It is produced in the form of tablets. It has antiviral activity and restores the immune system. Among contraindications emit only individual intolerance components. Side effects: allergic rash, nervousness, somnolence, headache. For children weighing up to 20 kg is assigned to 1 tablet 3-4 times a day. When weight 20 kg dosage increased to 6-8 tablets distributed to 3-4 administration. Price from 580 rubles.
7. Kagocel. It is produced in the form of tablets. It is used to treat acute viral infections and herpes in adults and children older than 3 years. Among the isolated lactose intolerance contraindications and drug components. Take 1 tablet 3 times a day. Duration of 5 days. Price from 225 rubles.
8. Viferon. Available in the form of suppositories (candles). Used for the treatment of SARS, influenza and herpes virus. only idiosyncrasy components among contraindications. Side effects are rare among them are rash and itching. The drug is only used rectally. For children assigned 1 candle every 12 hours. treatment 5 days course. Price from 260 rubles. 10 pcs.
9. For immune impaired immunity in children used such drugs: Likopid, Polioksidoniy. Assigned they complete recovery after the babies who had severe disease.

   

10. Likopid. Administered to children from 3 years. It is produced in the form of tablets. Used for prevention and treatment of acute viral infections, herpetic manifestations, ARI, ENT diseases. Not applicable if a body temperature above 38 ° C, with lactose intolerance and the high sensitivity to the drug. For children assigned to 1 tablet 3 times a day. Duration of 10 days. Price from 250 rubles.
11. Polyoxidonium. It is produced in the form of tablets, suppositories, solution and powder. For the treatment of herpes virus infection used tablets and suppositories. Approved for children from 6 years. Take 1 tablet 3 times a day. The course of from 5 to 10 days. If you are using suppositories, then one candle every two days. Course duration of 10-14 procedures. Price from 755 rubles.

Prohibited use of such groups of drugs:

• antihistamines;
• vitamins;
• gepatoprotektory;
• vasoconstrictor nose drops.

A complete restoration of the child says a blood test with an ultrasound examination of the liver and spleen. Internal organs should be back to normal size, and the level in the blood mononuclear cells should not exceed 10%.

Traditional methods

Epstein-Barr virus in the child (the symptoms are often acute form) acts on the immune system. The use of natural ingredients helps to restore the necessary elements and strengthen the health of your baby.

For treatment using such agents:

1. Echinacea tincture. It is used for children over 12 years. Is used before each meal 3 drops. The duration of treatment of 7-10 days;
2. Herbal chamomile, peppermint, ginseng, mother and stepmother, calendula. All dried herbs taken in equal proportions and mixed, then pour the boiling water. Infuse a decoction must be within 15 minutes. Take 3 times a day for a week.
3. Suitable for daily use green tea with lemon juice and honey. It is recommended to drink 1-2 cups a day throughout the illness. The tea has a positive effect on the protective functions of the body.
4. To combat the inflammation of the lymph nodes using oil fir. 3 times a day is necessary to lubricate sore places. The course of treatment continues until the recovery of the patient.

Other methods

Epstein-Barr virus leads to disturbance of metabolism and impaired immunity, so besides the medication is assigned a special diet. Balanced diet must be followed during all stages of treatment and recovery.

Experts recommend to use such products:

• vegetables fresh;
• lean meat and fish;
• dairy products, especially milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, cheese;
• sweet berries;
• buckwheat and oats;
• Black dried bread.

It is forbidden to drink: sweet, cakes and fatty foods.

According to doctors about the virus, Epstein-Barr virus

Doctors are of the opinion that infectious mononucleosis can not be cured with antibiotics, as the disease appears due to a virus. Dr. Komorowski believes mononucleosis should be treated symptomatically. In this case you should act according to the symptoms that disturb the child.

If there is fever, appointed fever if sore throat, you are issued special preparations and rinses. Doctors note that this virus is not possible to develop immunity. This means that you can get sick again.

possible complications

Incorrect treatment of the disease can lead to the development of the following pathologies:

1. Hepatitis. Relates to a liver disease, it is an inflammatory nature and leads to disruption of organ function.
2. Herpes. The complicated form of rashes affect large areas of the body, which leads to development of inflammatory processes.
3. chronic fatigue syndrome. In this case, the nervous system suffers, the person feels fatigue regardless of the work done and the rest duration.
4. Lowered immunity. Such pathology is fraught deterioration protective functions of the organism, resulting in the child becomes more pliable to infectious diseases, in particular of the skin and respiratory system.
5. Meningitis and inflammation of the meninges, myelitis, viral encephalitis. These diseases occur due to destruction of the nervous system.
6. Malignant tumors in the nasopharynx and lymph nodes.

   

Virus Eppteyshna-Barr virus is the main causative agent of infectious mononucleosis, which are often infected as children.

The child has symptoms may resemble a common flu or cold. For this reason, most adults do not remember that at one time suffered from mononucleosis. Unfortunately, the virus can lead to complications, so parents need to carefully monitor the health of the baby, and when the first symptoms to show the child the doctor.

Video of the Epstein-Barr virus

How to treat the Epstein-Barr: