Cerebral atherosclerosis. Symptoms and treatment of the elderly, young

Cerebral atherosclerosis - a long flowing negative process in the arteries of different types. Symptoms of the disease and treatment depends on the causes, provoked lesions in blood vessels.

What is atherosclerosis

A chronic disease of flexible tubular structures that carry blood from the heart to the organs, which arose as a result of disorders in lipid and protein metabolism and is accompanied by the accumulation of cholesterol in the lumen of the vessel, called atherosclerosis.

Accumulation, preventing the full working of the circulatory system, are formed in the form of atheroma, the center of which there is a fine-grained Detrin consisting of

decay products:

• lipid and protein mass;
• collagen and elastic fibers;
• Cholesterol and triglyceride crystals.

Later, in atherosclerotic plaques grows connective tissue, which leads to a narrowing of the lumen of the artery and as a consequence - clogging the bloodstream.

The more dangerous the disease

In the formation of atheromatous deposits in the vessel patency is substantially reduced. Blood circulates with difficulty, which leads to hypoxia bodies broken oxidative processes in the body as a whole. As a result, there is a risk of adverse tube formation, impedes the flow of blood, tissue death, accompanied by decay.

types of atherosclerosis

Cerebral atherosclerosis (symptoms and treatment depends on the process forms) - a disease state manifestations are due to variation of the pathology.

Classification:

View of the place of destruction process	Description of the
Brain	unsteadiness of gait; numbness of the skin on the face; a bad dream; headache; change of temperature sensitivity.
extremity	cold feeling in the affected limbs; paresthesia; discoloration feet; the sensitivity of the violation; numbness; pain when walking.
Chief unpaired arterial vessel	ischemic changes in the gastrointestinal tract; dyspepsia; state of intoxication; cramping abdominal wall.
myocardium	decrease in perfusion of the heart muscle; myocardial oxygen deficiency; baking pain in the chest.
urinary system	change in glomerular filtration rate; development of resistant renovascular hypertension.
cervical artery	reduction in auditory perception; decreased visual acuity; extraneous sounds in the ears; violation of epidermal susceptibility of the head and face; cephalalgia; transient loss of consciousness.
respiratory system	increase in pulmonary pressure; coughing; constant weakness; bluish coloration of the skin of the sternum; accumulation of free fluid in the pleural cavity.
brachiocephalic vessels	constant feeling of fatigue; inability to concentrate; unsteadiness of gait; limb paresthesia; numbness in the head and face.
organ of hearing	is a secondary disease; manifested by tinnitus; transient fainting; unsteadiness of gait; sleep disorders.
The back of the eyeball	decrease in visual acuity; blur before my eyes.
intestines system	pain in abdomen postprandial; constipation / diarrhea; subjective feeling of fullness of the abdomen above the norm.
Male sex organ	violation hormone; decrease in erectile function; the inability to conceive a child.
mixed defeat	defeated simultaneously several organs and systems; manifestations correspond to the localization process.

Causes

Cerebral atherosclerosis is a common pathology, the causes of which, to date, are not fully understood. Scientists are inclined to believe that the mechanism of the disease polietiologichesky.

The main risk factors for changes in the arterial vessels include:

• violation of lipid metabolism;
• accumulation of fat in the body and cause overweight;
• increased systolic blood pressure syndrome;
• minimal physical activity or lack thereof;
• alcohol abuse;
• nicotine dependence;
• poisoning;
• Radiation effects on the body;
• Magnesium deficiency;
• autoimmune pathological processes;
• long-occurring infectious processes in the body;
• disturbances in the blood clotting system, with an increased risk of thrombosis;
• the likelihood of developing the disease due to a genetic predisposition;
• high overvoltage condition;
• unbalanced nutrient status;
• disorders in the endocrine glands;
• generating a violation hormone insulin;
• age-related changes.

evidence

The main indicators of developing disease of the brain blood vessels are:

• dull pain in the head that occur after the psycho-physical stress, acquire in the course of the disease are ongoing;
• ringing and ringing in the ears;
• loss of sense of balance;
• unsteadiness of gait;
• violation of stability when a sudden change in body position;
• flicker in the eyes;
• slurred speech at long conversation;
• Surface night's sleep;
• the desire to sleep during the day;
• tachycardia;
• irrational fear;
• rash;
• a sharp change in skin color.

Symptoms of cerebral arteriosclerosis

Cerebral atherosclerosis (the symptoms and treatment of the pathological process caused by the patient's age) affects different sectors of the population. The disease does not spare both young and elderly.

Category patients	manifestations of pathology
The youth	various speech impediments; change storing process; loss of sensation in the face; spontaneous burning sensations, tingling in the upper and lower extremities; disturbances in thinking, mood and behavior; loss of sense of balance; In advanced process capability ischemic brain attack.
Elderly people	Symptoms of disease occur at an early stage of the disease: Strong headache; fast fatiguability; a delicate balance because of the lack of oxygen in tissues and organs; memory impairment; change of focus; incoordination; noise in ears; perception disorder in which the patient sees the existing objects; negatively stained emotions; facial asymmetry; gain ripple vessels arranged on the neck; painful muscle spasms; violation of the spatial orientation; lowering of mental activity; change in the ability to perceive and understand the sounds; malignant lack of sleep; intermittent claudication; painful cramps in the calf muscles.

stage

Violation of cerebral circulation, as a result of sclerotic changes, usually divided into stages, which are peculiar to certain characteristics.

1. The initial period:

• short / passing offense:

1. Sensitivity body parts;
2. motor function;

• incomplete paralysis;
• neuro-psychological weakness;
• neurosis level of disorder;
• affective volitional disorders;
• cognitive decline;
• reduction of efficiency;
• fatigue;
• it is difficult to switch attention from one task to another;
• complaints of malaise;
• migraine;
• tingling in the extremities;
• a memory worsening disease course;
• mental decline in productivity;
• disturbed rote memorization;
• It appears tearfulness;
• predisposition to depressive symptoms;
• lowering of mood.

Undulating course of the disease in a given period, which is gradually smoothed out and pathological condition becomes permanent with the progression:

• narrowing the range of interests;
• character becomes intolerable;
• It appears rude to other individuals.

When timely treatment to a specialist initial stage of cure.

2. Compensated stage:

• increase in physical disease under the action of excessive stress;
• negative amplification process in the central and peripheral nervous system;
• develops psychogenic caused by the disorder, which is characterized by:

1. partsianalnost;
2. egidistonnost manifestations;
3. awareness of the disease state;
4. lack of personal change;

• tingling face;
• feel the heat in the back of the head;
• amplified numbness in the lower extremities;
• It marked preoccupation with his health;
• there is a state of mental automatism, coupled with pseudohallucinations.

This stage can not be cured, but the progression of the process can be suppressed with the help of complex treatment.

3. Dekompensatsionny period:

• there is severe degradation of the memory;
• It upsets the ability to retain current events;
• develops violation autopsihicheskoy orientation caused by progressive amnesia;
• sick person is helpless - in need of care.

Only palliative treatment.

Diagnostics

When the first symptoms of vascular disease should consult a doctor, a neurologist, who, after a physical examination and questioning of the patient prescribe a number of surveys:

• ultrasound examination of the state of the main arteries and veins passing through the tissues of the neck;
• contrast study of blood vessels;
• bioelectrical activity of the heart;
• Laboratory blood tests:

1. cholesterol;
2. high density lipoproteins;
3. triacylglycerides;
4. apolipoprotein;
5. glycated hemoglobin;
6. trombotest;
7. regulatory globular protein.

Treatment

Treatment of Atherosclerosis cerebrovascular systems.

After listening to the symptoms and do a survey, a specialist doctor prescribe the appropriate therapy, which may include:

• diet food;
• exercise therapy;
• rejection of bad habits;
• the use of pharmacological agents;
• traditional medicine;
• In advanced stages of the disease - surgery.

pathogenetic therapy

Therapy aimed at correcting disorders of the organs and systems in the body, known as pathogenic.

This type of treatment is aimed at:

• impact on the factors that trigger the disease;
• improve cerebral circulation;
• stimulation of metabolic processes;
• increased resistance of neurons to ischemia;
• prevention of thrombosis;
• improvement of the process of memorizing information.

Features of treatment

preparations

improve cerebral circulation; increases tolerance of oxygen deficiency; decreases resistance vessels of the brain; It has no effect on the parameters of the general circulation: arterial pressure; minute volume of blood; heart rate; vascular resistance to blood flow; It increases blood flow to the pathological site in the CNS; It does not cause steal phenomenon; It does not alter the blood circulation in the intimate area; improve cerebral microcirculation; inhibits platelet adhesion; decreases blood viscosity; It prevents the absorption of the nucleoside adenosine-red blood cells; Shipping improves oxygenation to cells and tissues; It enhances glucose metabolism; increases the concentration of catecholamines in the brain.

Barviton; Vitsebrol; Oksopotin; Aksotilin; Dendriks; Kwan; Neyrodar.

antihypertensive therapy

The therapy head of atherosclerosis must include the correction of arterial hypertension, which significantly reduces the risk of stroke and other complications.

Pharmacological agents that affect blood pressure levels be divided into the following types:

a class of drugs	Features	Title
Beta-adrenoceptor	They have no effect on airway resistance; not indirectly influence the metabolic effects; have no significant effect ionotropic; reduce cardiac output; reduce work angiotenzinogenaza; inhibit response to simpateadrenergicheskuyu activity.	Kordinorm; Bidol; Biprolol; nitrogen; Anepro; Vazokardin; Metoblok.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors	block splitting bradikardina; linked peptidyl dipeptidase; reduced aldosterone secretion; lower blood pressure; do not increase the heart rate; do not delay the fluid and sodium in the body tissues.	Invorio; renitek; ednit; Akkupro; Polapril; Ramag; Tritatse.
Calcium channel blockers	reduce the flow of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells; expanding arterial vessels; reduce the workload on the heart muscle; exhibit hypotensive effect; no negative effect on the lipid composition of blood.	Aldizem; Cardio; Veratard; Isoptin; Tarka; finoptinum; Verogalid.
diuretics	reduces the reabsorption of sodium ions; block carbonic anhydrase; increase in urine excretion hydrogencarbonate, and potassium phosphate; It has no effect on the acid-base balance; reduced calcium excretion from the body; reduce the formation of kidney stones.	Gidrosaluretil; hydrochlorothiazide; Diuver; Sutrilneo; Toriksal; Torcida; Britomar.
Angiotensin receptor antagonists	normalize high blood pressure numbers; protect the arterial blood vessels from atherosclerotic plaque lesions; suspend the development of sclerosis of cerebral arteries; reduce the amount of protein in the urine.	Angizar; Vazotenz; Kardomin-Sanovel; Klosar; losartan; Lorista; Centaur.

antioxidant therapy

Cerebral atherosclerosis (the symptoms and treatment of the disease is directly dependent on the underlying cause) - this hypoxia process in the central nervous system tissue, which provoked a blood violation circulation. The pathology leads to excessive intracellular accumulation of free radicals, leading to oxidant stress.

therapy Features	preparations
increases stress; reduces anxiety; improve cerebral circulation; inhibits oxidation; having anticonvulsant activity; It stimulates the metabolic processes in the brain tissue; lowers total cholesterol; stabilizes the amount of red blood cells and platelets; increases the activity superoksidoksidazy; improves synaptic transmission; It enhances the enzymatic pathway of glucose catabolism.	Antifront; Armadin; Venokor; Zameksen; Meksimidol; Tiameks; Borizol.

Drugs combined action

Combination products are widely used for the treatment of pathologies associated with impaired brain circulation.

Features of medicines

preparations

enhance cognitive abilities; vary the speed of excitation in the central nervous system; increase metabolic processes in the brain; improve the rheological characteristics of the blood; do not have a spreading effect on the blood vessels; stimulate microcirculation; promote better communication hemispheres; vaskulyatornye suppress reduction; block calcium channels; prevent acute vertigo; inhibit the activation of the vestibular system.

Aksotilin; Dendriks; Difosfotsin; Kwan; Neyrodar; Ronotsid; Somazina.

symptomatic treatment of atherosclerosis

The main methods of treatment of pathologies of the vascular system is necessary to include palliative care, which will help to slow down and stop the negative process in the body.

Title	Features	preparations
antithrombotic agents	counteract the increased blood clotting; cleaved strands of fibrin; impact means on the body similar to the action of a proteolytic enzyme.	Plasmin; Actilyse; batroxobin; Biostrepta; Zigris; Metalize; Elaks.
Multicomponent lipid-lowering medicines	lower cholesterol; inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; reduce production of cholesterol by the liver.	Aktastatin; Abitor; Lipiks; Tulil; Vasilip; Soest; Simvakard.

Treatment of folk remedies

Cerebral atherosclerosis (disease symptoms and treatment should be determined only by the attending physician), considered by many phyto professionals can be treated unconventional methods that are effective in circulatory disorders in the central the nervous system.

To enhance the effect of pharmacological agents, doctors often prescribe medicinal herbs and fees have on the body the following action:

• improve the blood lipid composition;
• increased arterial lumen;
• reduce vasoconstriction;
• reduced cerebral hypoxia;
• thin the blood;
• soothing effect on the nervous system;
• saturate the body with useful substances.

recipes:

1. Rose hips, the dried leaves of strawberry and mint ordinary pigweed, taken in the ratio 1: 1, to connect on a coffee grinder and grind. 25 g of the resulting collection place in a container and pour over 350 ml of water. Put on the fire and boil for 10-15 minutes. The resulting mixture was cool and filtered. Drink cure necessary before a meal to 0.1 L - 3 times a day.
2. Field dandelion roots, Elecampane and endive to take in the same amount and grind. Add herbal tea for ½ hour. l. each time making tea. Treatment duration of about 2 months.
3. 15 g of dried stifnolobiya Japanese pour 250 ml of boiling water. Let stand for 30 min. Consume water infusion of 0.05 L, 3 times a day. The duration of drug treatment to 3 months.
4. Each morning on an empty stomach, drinking 25 ml of olive oil are connected with the same amount of lemon juice. Treatment long.
5. To prepare the herbal agents will need 1 tbsp. l. thyme. Medicinal be put in a thermos and pour 500 ml of boiling water. Infuse grass to be within 60 minutes. Filtered. To use the means necessary to 0.25 liters a day for 3 months.

Diet and mode

The basic principles of the treatment of cerebral vascular atherosclerosis should include changes in diet and the daily routine.

1. Eating habits:

• reduce the use of salt for cooking;
• not to consume canned foods;
• enter in your daily diet sufficient amount of fruits and vegetables;
• be sure to use vitamin complexes;
• move to split meals;
• eat low-fat dairy products;
• 3 times a week should be administered in the diet of the marine fish in the baked or boiled;
• Replace fried dishes steamed or stewed;
• completely eliminate:

1. refined sweets;
2. all types of alcohol;
3. caffeine-containing beverages, and cocoa;
4. soda.

2. Schedule:

• normalize night sleep - 8 hours;
• sleep no later than 22.00;
• mandatory naps, which should be no longer than 2 hours;
• morning rise should start with hygiene and light exercise;
• after physical training is necessary to make a douche;
• included in routine daily walks;
• learn to properly / safely react to stressful situations.

Physiotherapy

Physical healing load while cerebrovascular appoint a doctor-rehabilitator.

You must know that exercise in this kind of pathology have a number of features:

• before the training you need to eliminate any stimuli - physical therapy should bring satisfaction;
• to concentrate on doing the exercises with the knowledge that it brings benefits to the body;
• to start with the minimum set of loads;
• in the classroom should be slow and deep breathing;
• you can not do the exercises with weights;
• Not recommended:

1. throw back his head back;
2. long torso tilt;
3. bounce;
4. make sharp turns.

Surgical intervention

In severe (malignant) within atherosclerotic vascular changes in the brain specialist doctors recommend patients to resort to angiosurgical intervention.

Title	Features
stenting	before medical specialist surgery appoints the course of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid to reduce blood clotting; a narrow part of the lumen of the carotid artery was placed a cylindrical resilient frame; expansion of the stent provides a diseased vessel.
bypass	surgery makes it possible to connect the damaged vessel to the artery, thus eliminating ischemia; for the procedure, the doctor-vascular surgeon uses a vessel taken from the skin of the patient's head and sew it into a free cavity desired artery.
transluminal angioplasty	minimally invasive endovascular intervention; It does not require general anesthesia; the duration of operation is not more than 2 hours; rapid recovery; before surgery is necessary to do an MRI for the detection of vascular lesions; surgeon introduces into the vessel with a balloon catheter; on reaching the mini-machine fault location, it is inflated with the help of special equipment; procedure melts the fat in the vessel; the balloon is removed.

Cerebral atherosclerosis - is a serious and sometimes malignant process, threatening a full human life. At the first sign of the disease is necessary to the specialist physician for evaluation and treatment purposes.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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