Cardio. What is it and how to treat the signs and symptoms, folk remedies, drugs

Heart disease - the main cause of undermining the health of people, especially older ones. Such diseases are characterized by serious complications and are the cause of disability and death. One of the leading positions in the list of heart disease takes cardio. Cardiosclerosis suffering people of different ages, including children.

What is cardio

This abnormality of the heart muscle tissue (myocardium), characterized by the appearance of scars and their subsequent tightening (the formation of connective tissue). The disease affects the myocardium - the most important and the thick of the heart muscle. It is situated in the middle of the body and is involved in pumping blood.

In this disease there is a replacement valve fibers and deformation observed. Normal heart muscle cells are replaced by scar tissue, which is defective in its structure. These changes adversely affect the operation of the main pumping human body.

promote the development of atherosclerosis:

• cholesterol is higher than normal in the blood;
• overweight;
• the use of nicotine, alcohol;
• physical inactivity (lack of muscular load);

  

• prediabetes, diabetes.

classification cardiosclerosis

Cardio - it is a heart disease in which normal cells are replaced rubtsovannymi myocarditis tissue.

Depending on the lesion and latitude spread scarring such isolated forms Cardiosclerosis as:

• diffuse;
• affecting the valve apparatus.
• alopecia;

diffuse form

In this form of talk about the general degeneration of the muscle cell myocarditis, affecting the entire body, all heart. In this case, an ultrasound doctor noticeable change in all areas of tissue.

All of the tissue that forms the body, strongly distorted and can not find a site not affected by the change. The main danger in this form Cardiosclerosis, is at greater risk of heart failure.

lobular form

Denotes a diseased individual heart segments.

This type of disease is divided into:

• melkoochagovyj - scarring of the tissues of the small and insignificant;
• macrofocal - capture most of myocarditis.

History of myocardial contribute to the development of this form of the disease. If a heart attack was extensive, it develops large pockets sclerosed changes. In this process, one of the heart wall may completely atrophied and the wound is formed at its site (aneurysm).

With the development of small foci formed small scars. The development of this form of heart provokes transferred hypoxia, after which it is compressed, and the ability to stretch tissue lost.

Cardio with the defeat of the valve apparatus

It is a rare form of heart flow sclerosis. Basically valves suffer under other common rheumatologic problems.

Defeat can be expressed:

• valve stenosis - characterized by a decrease in the valve opening due to tissue deformation. Thus increases cardiac load (pressure), there are serious tissue deformation. Subsequently, developing myocardial hypertrophy.
  
• valvular insufficiency - in this leaflet abnormalities is not completely closed. Cardiosclerosis development leads to deformation of the valve wall that aggravates the situation.

Etiological forms Cardiosclerosis

Isolation Cardiosclerosis forms associated with the root causes scarring of the tissues of the myocardium muscle:

• postinfarction;
• myocardio;
• atherosclerotic.

atherosclerotic cardio

This form is a manifestation of a diffuse and long for. Progressing disease causes hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart and later its dilatation (the increase in cardiac chambers). At the same time growing symptoms of heart failure.

Typical manifestations of this form of cardiac sclerosis are:

• contractile dysfunction;
• increase coronary insufficiency;
• downed rhythm.

When atherosclerotic changes in heart tissue pathology observed such as:

• decrease in total body tone;
• swelling;
• dyspnea;
• arrythmia;
• intraventricular blocks;
• atrial fibrillation.

At first, these events are rare, later becoming more frequent and can be observed in patients continuously.

myocardio

In this form of cardio is developing in a different scenario. Sclerotic process itself affects the heart muscle (myocarditis) and cardiomyocytes. There is a severe inflammation that causes destruction of the membrane of muscle cells. After the acute phase, there is an increase of connective tissue, unable to allow the muscle to fully cope with their functions.

The reasons causing myocarditis include:

• intoxication (drug, alcohol);
• bacteria (streptococcus, meningococcus);
• viruses (Coxsackie, rubella, influenza).

It can occur in people of all ages.

postinfarction

Such form is also called Postnecrotic. Diagnosed after 2-4 months after the occurrence of a heart attack when the scarring process is completed. Muscle tissue infarction partially affects necrosis. This occurs because the propagation sclerotic tissue replacement cells.

Scarring can be different in size and location, which determines the nature and severity of abnormalities in organ functioning.

Overgrown sclerotic tissue may not fully comply with the contractile function, which leads to the further development of arrhythmias.

After a heart attack can increase the dilation and myocarditis, development failure. Also sclerotic changes in the post-infarction condition can develop in the heart valves.

Other causes of disease

For other arrangements, provoking sclerotic changes of heart tissue include:

• cardiac sarcoidosis - the body is affected by inflammation. In the treatment of inflammation are, but are replaced by connective tissue that promotes Cardiosclerosis.
• hemochromatosis - a disease in which there is an excessive accumulation of iron in the bulk of cardiac tissue. This leads to intoxication and inflammation of the heart muscle;
  
• radiation exposure - resulting radiation dose is able to change the molecular structure of the cells, which leads to the spread of unhealthy tissue in the body;
• scleroderma - Body increase is observed because of the seal wall. Inflammation of the tissue there, but the connective tissue begins to grow from the capillaries;
• idiopathic cardio - the nature of the occurrence is not clear. Most doctors agree that the reason for this is related predisposition.

symptoms cardiosclerosis

Cardio - is a disease whose symptoms can not always evident, especially in the early stage of occurrence. In the initial stages of the disease the body performs wired and pumping function normally.

When obvious symptoms when expressed sklerozirovanii cardiac muscle tissue patients complain of:

• fluid retention, susceptibility to swelling;
• dizzy, dizzy;
• lowering productivity and efficiency;
• constant feeling of fatigue;
• frequent heart rhythm;
• cough not related to viral causes;
• shortness of breath, wheezing.

Dyspnea

Usually it does not manifest itself immediately, but develops years after the start of the disease. When shortness of breath develops downed breathing rhythm. At the same time quickens the pulse, there are cough and chest pain. Blood from the lungs enters the body when it is not in full, in part remains in the heart.

Due to lower stretchability walls cardiac chambers, the body does not receive all the blood coming from the lungs. Disturbed circulation of the pulmonary circulation, is formed stagnation of fluid and gas exchange deceleration complicating respiration.

Especially brightly this symptom is expressed:

• under stress - under the influence of certain hormones increases the intensity of the blood flow in blood vessels, which allows excess pressure on the heart;
• after onset of physical activity - increases blood flow, thus the affected tissue sclerosed heart can not cope, and there is a stagnation of fluid in the lungs;
  
• horizontal - on a flat surface venous leg blood flows significantly rushes to the heart, which further loads the myocardium and provokes wheezing. So patients are encouraged to place their feet while sleeping on the rise (the pillow).

Eliminate wheezing in cardiosclerosis difficult. Knock the breath constant companion of people with such a diagnosis. shortness of breath increases as the disease progresses.

Cough

Dry cough causes discomfort suffering cardiosclerosis. It is developing it for the same reason as shortness of breath - due to stagnation of blood in the lungs. Due to impaired gas exchange wall bronchi overflow liquid and become thicker, which causes coughing. When receiving adequate treatment for the cough disappears or becomes rare.

Arrhythmia

Cardiac arrhythmias manifested in sklerozirovanii body vascular system. Due to the proliferation of connective tissue fibers, responsible for uniformity deformed. For this reason, some parts of the heart muscle worse decline. Worsens blood flow in general, often have a situation where the reduction occurs before filling of cardiac chambers with blood.

It turns out that the total volume of the blood does not flow to the next department. This uneven reduction leads to increased blood flow in the chamber of the heart, which increases the risk tromoboobrazovaniya.

Types of arrhythmias:

• uneven rhythm - occurs when unharmonized work of several departments of heart. The pulse rate may be normal, but the full blood pumping at such dysfunction occurs;
• tachycardia - acceleration of the pulsation develops when there is insufficient blood circulation;
• bradycardia - pulsation is reduced, muscle contraction of the heart is less than 50 beats in 60 seconds;
  
• beats - the presence of the additional cuts, which differ from the general rhythm. Without survey to identify ECG alone does not seem possible.

palpitation

Due to downed the heart rate in patients with amplified heartbeat. The lack of synchronicity in the body to the sclerosis of the heart leads to more frequent ripple. Heart palpitations can be a sign of arrhythmia. In this case, the patient will feel a pulsation in the abdomen or neck. Visible manifestation significantly strengthen the heartbeat at the lowest point of the thoracic.

Fast fatiguability

The consequence of a weak heart work is fatigue. When impaired pumping function at every jolt ejected blood volume is smaller than that of healthy people. Because of the weak contractions of the heart muscle pressure rises, which also has a negative impact on the patient's condition.

Rapid fatigue cause both mental and physical labor. Reduced supply of oxygen due to poor circulation negatively affects attention, memory, ability to concentrate. During physical effort the lack of oxygen does not allow the muscles to operate at full power.

swelling

Manifested not in all patients in the later stages of development Cardiosclerosis, with express departures in the right ventricle. Provoked by stagnation in the circulation. Cardiac camera is not able to pump the desired volume of blood and stagnation arise.

Visually appreciable swelling in areas where pressure is reduced and the maximum effect on the body of gravity - in the legs.

In the early stages, they appear only in the morning and during the day when driving through. With the development of sclerotic process swelling persists throughout the day on the feet and ankles.

Dizziness

As the disease progresses, patients may complain increasingly that dizzy. In the acute shortage of oxygen in the brain may be fainting. They arise against a background of pressure drop.

the required amount of nutrients does not enter the central nervous system. Thus syncope is a kind of protection of the organism in such a condition and allows save power and to generate the volume of available oxygen.

methods of diagnosis

Cardio - a disease that is difficult to detect in its early stages. Early detection of the disease is difficult as symptoms are not expressed clearly. Treatment in the early stages Cardiosclerosis rare.

Usually the disease is detected later when the heart problems are pronounced, and the disease has given complication. After experiencing heart attacks and cardiac development myocarditis sclerosis expected, so in these patients reveal cardio before.

Applied methods:

• X-ray diagnostics;
• primary inspection;
• CT and MRI;
• ECG;
• scintigraphy;
• Echocardiography (echocardiography);
• study analyzes (laboratory diagnostics).

examination of the patient

Cardio - it is a change of heart tissue, which can not be detected only by means of physical examination. However, an experienced doctor (cardiologist or internist) may suspect the presence of the disease, conducting inspection.

The survey includes:

information analysis	The collection and study of patient history: refined borne diseases and conditions, complaints of the patient, the disease risks are assessed
Palpation	The feeling of the sternum, the apex to define a point which can be displaced in cardiosclerosis
percussion	"Tapping" of the heart to determine the increase in its size
auscultation	Listening to the rhythm using Phonendoscopes
visual inspection	Assessment of skin (pale type), identification of swelling, measurement of blood pressure indicators

echocardiography

Very informative method of diagnosing heart. The basis of the method - the use of ultrasonic waves. The purpose of research - assessment of contractility and pumping function, and tissue changes. This method of evaluation does not require special training.

All survey takes about minutes. The patient undresses, exposing the breastbone cage and placed on the left side. The sternum is lubricated gel and sensors installed at various points of the sternum. They are able to identify any noises and vibrations of the heart.

Echocardiography may reveal:

• enlargement of the heart;
• the presence of an aneurysm;
• myocardial conduction abnormalities;
• abnormalities in myocardial contractility;
• malfunction of the valves;
• a constricted coronary vessels;
• sclerotic areas of the heart muscle;
• thinning of the heart walls.

electrocardiography

ECG method aims to assess the pulse of the heart activity. By means of electrodes fixed orientation and movement pulses. The procedure may take up to 10 to 15 min. Special training is not required. Before the actual examination, some areas of the body (wrist, ankle, rib cage) wetted with water or soapy water, the conductivity-enhancing pulse.

ECG provides cardiologists with the following information on the work of the heart:

• excitatory ability - reaction of the heart in response to the pulse. If there is no deviation should occur reduction;
• battery life - whether the heart is able to produce the very impetus that causes cardiac stimulation. Determined the frequency of these pulses (rate) and presence of arrhythmia;
• conductivity - to evaluate whether the impulses from the place of appearance before kardiomitsitov held. You can easily keep track of which sites are knocked out of the total normal rhythm.

radiography

This method is used for pre-diagnosis. It allows you to quickly get a visual picture of the projection of the changes in the heart. During the procedure the patient is laid bare to the waist in order to get a shot in the heart. Special training is not required. The method is not recommended for screening of pregnant patients and children.

Pictures are carried out in two projections to produce images from two angles. If sclerotic changes in the body will be larger in size than it should be normal. Also, X-ray images show the presence of an aneurysm.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

These techniques are more precision examinations of the heart structures. The principle is based on the action of magnetic resonance radiation and magnetic field. Special training is not required. The patient is placed in a special cylindrical capsule, which is undergoing tests.

CT and MRI are quite expensive kinds of examinations and their significance in the early stages Cardiosclerosis low.

When focal small form can be seen affected fate, in the case of diffuse shape in the early stage changes practically not be visualized. Also, methods are difficult to apply because of the dynamics of the heart and the non-erosion crisp images difficult.

scintigraphy

The most effective way for early diagnosis Cardiosclerosis. Special training is not required, for 2-3 hours to give up eating and the consumption of excess fluids. The examination in the vein injected contrast agent which is capable of isolate healthy cells. Changed sclerotic cells remain lighter, or unchanged.

After the introduction of a contrasting picture of the composition is carried out for assessing how matter behaved in the heart muscle. When a healthy heart unchanged composition is distributed evenly throughout the muscle. With existing changes will be visible area, not filled with reagent. Scintigraphy slightly extended due to high cost and a lack of reagent in many medical institutions.

Laboratory Methods

The changes are available in the analysis of urine and blood may not be a reliable indication of the absence or presence of sclerosed myocardium. This survey will always be an additional clarification at diagnosis. If there Cardiosclerosis blood revealed an increase in some indicators, such as cholesterol.

Deviations in the analyzes should be an impetus for further research. Blood tests should take on an empty stomach. Urinalysis should be provided in a sterile container pharmacy. Additionally, it may be assigned to advanced biochemical composition of the blood test, which allows to get more information.

Urine and blood tests can be found immediately on the day of delivery of the biomaterial. The results of biochemical blood analysis in different laboratories prepared from 3 to 10 days.

Methods and pathology regimens

Cardio - is a disease for which there are no drugs capable of restoring rubtsovannuyu tissue. Therefore kardiosklerozny process is irreversible.

Treatment lasts permanently and directed to:

• nivelirizatsiyu heart failure;
• prevention of complications;
• addressing the causes of illness;
• Elimination of provoking factors;
• minimize complications.

Regimens in each case highly individual and may include:

1. The use of medicines.
2. Power adjustment (diet therapy).
3. Changing lifestyles.
4. Surgical intervention.

diet therapy

To restore heart function should make adjustments in the daily diet.

Patients cardiosclerosis should not be on the table:

• fatty meats;
• chocolate;
• soda, energy, alcohol;
• digestible carbohydrates (flour, pasta);
• black tea, strong coffee;
• meats, canned vegetables;
• salt.

Patients should pay attention to the components of a healthy diet and the most include in your diet:

• fresh fruits and vegetables;
  
• lean meats (turkey, rabbit);
• potassium-rich foods (bananas, raisins).

Lifestyle

Obviously, if the patient has abused alcohol and smoked, these dangerous habits will have to leave to save his life.

You should also:

• avoid strenuous exercise;
• every three months, to be screened;
• guard against SARS, influenza;
• remain calm and minimize stressful situations.

medication

Assigning specific drugs conducted by a doctor, given the degree of heart failure, a complication of the process and the overall symptoms. Medicaments used in cardiosclerosis, have some limitations and side effects. Therefore, self-examination and without specialist advice is unacceptable.

For the treatment of Cardiosclerosis use:

• diuretics (Furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) - remove swelling, the kidneys help in the removal of excess liquid, thereby reducing the load on the heart;
• Beta-blockers (Bisoprolol, carvedilol) - stabilize heart rate, reduce myocardial oxygen demand;
  
• cardiac glycosides - be appointed to strengthen the heart rate;
• aldosterone antagonists - adjust the pressure and fit a work of the heart;
• ACE inhibitors (Captopril, lisinopril) - the drug affects the production of the enzyme responsible for the formation of angiotensin. Due to this reduced pressure and reduces the load on the heart.

Treatment of folk remedies

The use of herbs and fees helps to relieve symptoms of heart failure, high blood pressure, prevent the development of sclerotic changes.

For the treatment used:

• fruit black chokeberry and red;
• hawthorn (flowers and fruits);
• clover;
• cottonweed;
• mistletoe white.

Very effective multi-component compositions:

• 1 tsp St. John's wort, 1 tsp, Helichrysum, 1 tsp hawthorn;
• 1 tsp cumin seeds 1 tsp hawthorn fruit, 1 tsp, valerian root.

Radical surgery

Radical surgery - a new donor organ transplantation. Since the disease is incurable, the other options in certain situations there. In vast areas of lesions and severe heart failure of the patient can be saved only by the operation to replace organ.

Vital necessity arises a heart transplant in the absence of response to drug therapy and reduced cardiac output. The operation can be done to persons under 65 years of age, who have no other serious comorbidities.

Palliative surgery

This treatment is aimed at eliminating and mitigating the symptoms of the disease, with no cure sclerotic diseased tissue:

• implementation rhythm stimulants - pacemakers, helping to generate a strong pulse, which reduces the risk of sudden cardiac arrest;
• bypass - carrying out operations on the coronary vessels narrowed in order to increase their lumen and normalization of blood flow;
  
• removal of heart aneurysm - eliminate bulging weak area in order to prevent rupture of the muscle.

consequences cardiosclerosis

The disease leads to irreversible changes of the heart tissue. Even after the detection and elimination of the causes that caused the disease affected tissue is restored. This leads to a deterioration of the heart and makes the high risk of various complications.

Chronic heart failure

This pathology is characterized by the inability of the heart to pump a certain volume of blood per minute. At the same time it develops oxygen shortfall in all organs and tissues in the body. Observed with varying degrees of severity in all people suffering cardiosclerosis. Lack of adjusted drug administration and compliance with physician instructions.

cardiac aneurysm

Education protrusion wall vessels of the heart due to its thinning or deterioration of tone. The presence of an aneurysm is lethal because of the probability of rupture and blockage of blood clots.

It is formed due to the internal pressure in the chamber most often in the form of focal on the front wall of the left ventricle. Aneurysm Treatment involves surgery, which is associated with high risks due Cardiosclerosis.

arrhythmias

If the disease affects the heart wire system, the rhythm disturbance will disturb the patient's life. Medication may be partially correct manifestation of arrhythmia, but as in the organ deformation occurred change, the manifestations of the downed rate will always be present.

Acquired heart valvular disease

Because of the expanded connective tissue can be damaged heart valves. Depending on what particularly struck the valve will manifest their specific symptoms. Normally, when this problem increases heart failure. Also increases the risk of thrombosis and pulmonary edema. In some cases surgery.

thromboembolism

Due to impaired blood flow increased risk of platelet adhesion and increased blood clotting. Because of cardiac arrhythmias in the heart chamber may be formed thrombus.

If increased physical activity he may come off and get into the blood stream, resulting in the death of the patient.

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Due to the disruption of the heart body is constantly lacking oxygen, which adversely affects the condition of the body. Patients complain of fatigue of various kinds. There may be lethargy, difficulty concentrating, drowsiness, weakness.

Forecast

Optimistic forecasts in cardiosclerosis give hard. It is a disease, prognosis of which is determined by the severity of tissue damage and the severity of symptoms. Often, patients suffering from this disease, acquire a disability. Not burdened heart sclerosis proceeds more favorably.

In this case it is important the adequate maintenance therapy, allowing to extend the life. Significantly worsen the prognosis complications: rhythm disturbance, the development of an aneurysm, thrombosis.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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