Stroke. First aid at home person. What to do with heart failure, mini-strokes. Symptoms in women, men

Stroke - an acute cerebrovascular accident, which causes complications on the part of those organs and systems, which are responsible for the affected area. On how to correct first aid man in stroke in the home has been rendered, the prognosis depends largely. Right action to help reduce the severity of consequences that affect the quality of human life.

What is a stroke

Stroke - cerebral pathology, in which sharply blood circulation in the body of a particular area. In this evolving failure and brain nutrition, in connection with which there is damage to or death of nerve cells, which are located in an area with improper blood flow. Portions of the body damaged by a pathology, causing dysfunction, for which they are responsible.

In more disease susceptible people belonging to risk groups:

• suffering systematic increase in pressure (hypertension) load on vascular branches in the brain may be sufficient high, but at a constant pressure increase there is a gradual loss of elasticity of the walls, which increases the possibility of break;
• have heart disease that many diseases occur with an increased risk of thrombosis, which acts as a cause of stroke in the separation of curd and achieve a head artery;
• in which there is an increased level of "harmful" cholesterol in the bloodstream: due to this happening the specific neoplasm formation in vessel walls, and plugging cavity violating circulation;
• suffering from metabolic disorders, diabetes: this changes the structure of the vessel walls, they become thinner and become brittle, which is often accompanied by their rupture;
• having an aneurysm in the brain vessel: for such a wall tumors thinner than that of the vessel, which increases the possibility of rupture;
• have impaired blood clotting: due to "thicken" the blood are at increased risk of forming clots that clog the vascular lumen;
• having weight and food harmful abusers: this increases the amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream, and there are specific plaque;

Systematic smoking, drinking alcohol causes thinning of vascular is disturbed their integrity. This increases blood pressure, and it is - a direct path to a stroke.

types of stroke

Given the characteristics of the attack, it is possible to allocate 2 varieties: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Most often diagnosed ischemic attack type. More prone to facial pathology, have reached 55 years of age with diabetes mellitus, impaired activity of the heart muscle, it malformations.

Ischemic stroke occurs in the form of background occurrence trombovidnogo tumors in the brain arteries, closing a vascular lumen, thereby violating the bloodstream.

This causes the stop delivery of oxygen to the brain cells, their death. Sometimes the vascular lumen closure is compression of air bubbles or tumor.

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs on the background of the form of hemorrhage in the brain. Pathology is divided into 2 types: intracerebral and subarachnoid.

By the development of the first type are the predisposing factors of cerebral arteriosclerosis, hypertension, blood disease, including bleeding disorders.

Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs on background discontinuity thinning of the vessel wall, which in turn, is due to the aneurysm, violation of the integrity of its walls, with hypertension.

Such forms of attack (for intracerebral hemorrhagic type) detecting less frequently than ischemic, but it does more harm, causing irreversible changes.

The attack on the type subarachnoid hemorrhagic blood effusion characterized in subarachnoid region (between soft and arachnoid brain and spinal cord membranes). This attack is often diagnosed at a young age and up to 60 years. Among the predisposing factors - frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking, frequent jumps in blood pressure, obesity.

There is another type of attack - a mini-stroke, or transient ischemic attack. In such cases, there is a short blood flow disturbance, which lasts no more than 5 minutes. Symptoms - the same as that of a full-fledged attack, but the recovery of lost functions occurs rapidly and in full.

stroke symptoms

There are common clinical manifestations inherent in both types of pathology, and specific symptoms associated with each disease.

In ischemic form

Cerebral symptoms:

• disturbance of consciousness, from mild to coma, taking into account the degree of change;
• acute headache, the localization of which - one half of the head;
• toshnotno-emetic syndrome;
• dizziness;
• decrease in visual function.

The specific symptoms of the attack depends on the domain of pathological changes:

In what area has changed	characteristic symptoms
In the internal carotid artery	Complete loss of sensation in one arm, leg, torso half, impaired or loss of function of speech
In anterior ciliary artery	Reduced muscle strength on the one side of the body, disturbance of speech function, the visual system (blindness, reduced visual acuity)
The anterior cerebral artery	Complete loss of mobility of the lower limbs on the opposite side of brain damage, impaired urination (urinary)
In the middle cerebral artery	Violation of the function of speech, body mobility, the lack of perception
The posterior cerebral artery	Loss of memory, speech, decrease in muscle strength in one half of the body
The basilar and vertebral arteries	Loss of muscle strength and paralysis of one limb or half of the body, impaired visual function, mobility of the face due to injury of the facial nerve

According to the hemorrhagic type

By the clinical manifestations of cerebral hemorrhagic form of attack include:

• violation and loss of consciousness;
• malaise, or conversely, increased arousal;
• pain in the head with one hand;
• toshnotno-emetic syndrome;
• dizziness;
• violation of the autonomic system: increased sweating, tachycardia.

Symptomatology attack on hemorrhagic type is slightly different from the manifestations of ischemic stroke. One of these acts as a strong pain in the head, which is much higher intensity than in ischemic form. In addition, bleeding attack often occurs with vomiting.

For other symptoms of hemorrhagic form of attack include:

• disturbance of mobility of limbs, including complete paralysis;
• numbness of the skin on the face;
• failure in urinary function, the process of defecation;
• inability or impaired swallowing;
• malfunction in speech, visual, auditory functions;
• psychosis, depression.

Stroke, first aid in the home in which requires the immediate adoption of appropriate measures, may be accompanied by loss of ability to orient in the environment, the ability of perception, imagination.

First aid for stroke

Not everyone leads a healthy life, so many are suffering from various diseases, including heart disease and blood vessels. If we consider the statistics, a high percentage of mortality in the country falls on the stroke. To reduce the likelihood of early death and severity of adverse effects, it is advisable to carry out first aid on time and correctly, that is, in the first 2 hours.

The first pre-event in stroke and easy to carry out at home. Irreversible changes in the organs and systems appear on a background of non-assistance, which is due to lack of knowledge in humans.

To make sure that there is just a stroke, it is possible to carry out the following test:

• ask the victim to smile when one corner of his mouth lowered down, and the second was on its natural place, you can indirectly talk about reducing the power of facial muscles, and the presence of an attack;
• ask the victim to tell his name, what day it is, or answer another simple question: a man during an attack unable to pronounce the word and understand the interlocutor;
• ask the victim to raise their hand: as a rule, he can not do this.

In the presence of such abnormalities is recommended to immediately provide first aid and call a brigade of first aid.

In room

Stroke, first aid in the home in which is held indoors, requires compliance with the following:

1. Give a person a horizontal position. If the victim has lost consciousness and fell, his left in the most comfortable position.

   

2. In case of violation of the respiratory function, vomiting it is laid on its side, removing from the mouth vomit, food residues dentures.
3. In order to facilitate breathing is necessary to undo the collar, remove the ornaments from the neck to open a window for fresh air run.
4. If there is a device on hand for blood pressure measurement to be recorded performance, after passing their doctor ambulance.
5. If there is high blood pressure, it is recommended to put a cushion under the head of clothing at reduced - no such action is taken.
6. Do not leave the victim alone. He must see that there is close support.

If seizures occur, the victim is laid on its side, stick your head in order to prevent injury, waiting for the end of the attack.

On the street

First first person action when it detects it out are no different from those carried out in the home. Often people with an attack is mistaken for being in alcoholic intoxication, and pass, and it is from timely assistance depends on the outcome of life.

If the person is conscious or unconscious

Stroke, first aid in the home in which is held with the victim consciousness, requires patient sedation and prevent panic. Worsening of clinical symptoms often occurs as a result of experience and fear.

If there was a loss of consciousness, and if you can not find the breath of a person is performed chest compressions, artificial respiration the nose or mouth.

First aid in a hospital setting

Once the patient after the attack were brought to the stationary conditions prescribed diagnostic procedures, allowing to confirm or deny a stroke, as well as to determine its type. According to the research carried out further resuscitation.

The first requires a computer tomography of the brain may designate doplerografii, which gives the results of the speed of advance in blood vessels. Additional diagnostic procedures include ECG, X-rays of the thoracic, laboratory tests (blood).

Once the diagnosis was confirmed, carry out resuscitation:

• restoring breathing;
• pressure level correction;
• normalization of the heart and blood vessels;
• restore swallowing function;
• normalization of urinary function and activity of the gastrointestinal tract;
• the elimination of edema in the brain.

If there is a stroke of ischemic affected administered Trental, Heparin, Eufillin if on hemorrhagic type - Vikasol, Gordoks, Trasylol. When compression of the brain hematoma is performed emergency surgery to remove it.

Common Errors in helping

Stroke, first aid in the home that does not cause any difficulties, still requires knowledge of the prohibited actions that are harmful and increase the severity of adverse effects.

These include:

• one should not expect that the condition will improve after 10 minutes, an hour or two, so you need to call a doctor immediately (first aid and medical activities should be conducted in the first 3-6 hours after the attack);
• Never give any affected drugs, even those that normalize pressure eliminate convulsions (in this case, the state will only get worse);
• Never give a person food and drink, as it may vomit and choke on the victim due to the violation of the swallowing function;
• also prohibited to bring the nose ammonia, and other products with strong odor, which violate the breathing process.

We can not allow a person with a bout moved even if he talks about a normal state of health. deterioration can happen suddenly.

In addition to providing competent assistance and compliance restrictions during its implementation, it is important to adhere to the correct way of life during the rehabilitation period. The first step is to exclude alcoholic beverages from the diet and at least 1 year. It is better to give up alcohol altogether, as in the recovery period required medications that are incompatible with alcohol.

In addition, the harmful substances contained in alcoholic beverages cause atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels, which increases the risk of recurrent attack. This also applies to smoking, which contributes to the thinning of the vascular wall, the formation of blood clots.

It is recommended to avoid visiting places with high temperatures, in particular, tanning, beach in the summer of the year. It is forbidden to bathe in a bath and stay indoors for a long time.

After a stroke not recommended air travel, characterized by pressure drops, reduced oxygen content inside the aircraft, hitting the turbulent zone. In any case, only a doctor can determine the possibility of flight.

In normal visual acuity, the rate of reaction, the activity of the thinking process, clear thinking can drive vehicles.

Equally important is the power stroke. So that the body could recover, he needs to get a sufficient amount of vitamins and mineral trace elements, such as fruits and vegetables, herbs, seafood, natural spices (basil, cumin, coriander). The diet must be present meatless soup, any cereal, legumes, milk products, nuts.

stroke Prevention

Main preventive rule that must be followed to reduce the risk of stroke attack - this is the right way of life. Therefore it is recommended to give up bad habits, especially the drinking of alcohol and smoking. At what is harmful not only active smoking, but also passive, if a non-smoker person is always in the room with tobacco smoke.

Require weight correction, elimination of extra kilos and obesity. The additional weight increases the pressure and the development of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes. Getting rid of even 3-4 kg, can reduce the risk of such abnormalities and stroke.

The diet should be fruits and vegetables dominate. In the morning, the second day, and at night you can eat fresh salads, vegetables, grilled apples. Vegetable products cause lower blood pressure and improve the elasticity of vessel walls. Eliminate trans fats from the diet contained in fast food, purchase baked goods, chips, crackers, margarine.

No less useful physical exercise, such as jogging, swimming, cycling. LFK strengthens blood vessels, helping to reduce weight. On the day of the optimum time devoted to school, considered to be 20-30 minutes.

Important first aid for stroke conducted in the home, as it was from its literacy prognosis depends. However, self-neglect in this case, still not worth it. If many other diseases is possible to stop on their own, the stroke needs to qualified treatment.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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