Often people start taking antibiotics at the first sign of a respiratory infection or influenza. Patients do not think that SARS in adults and children - the cause of the viral infection, and antibiotics are designed to fight bacteria and have no effect on the inflammatory process.
Medications indicated for complications of the disease shall be taken only by the therapist appointment, the independent use can harm the body, cause adverse reactions.
The content of the article:
- 1 What is SARS, acute respiratory infections, flu, their symptoms
- 2 When antibiotics are needed
-
3 Classification of antibiotics catarrhal viral diseases
- 3.1 penicillins
- 3.2 cephalosporins
- 3.3 macrolides
- 3.4 fluoroquinol
- 3.5 aminoglycosides
- 3.6 tetracyclines
- 4 Top 10 antibiotics from the pharmacy
- 5 Videos about antibiotics in adults with SARS
What is SARS, acute respiratory infections, flu, their symptoms
Acute respiratory viral infection, abbreviated as SARS - a group of diseases of the respiratory system that occurs during infection with viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, and rhinovirus). Pathogen enters the body through droplets, sometimes through items, affects nasal, nasopharyngeal and throat.
The disease is accompanied by symptoms:
- sneezing
- headache and aching muscles;
- tickling and sharp pain in her throat;
- dry cough;
- watery eyes;
- raising the temperature;
- weakness.
Antibiotics for SARS are not applied in adults, the treatment is carried out antiviral and symptomatic agents. Recommended bed rest, warm drink, a balanced diet.
SARS is often referred to as the common cold, but it is a misconception, the disease has a viral nature. Acute respiratory illness, otherwise, ARI, a term denoting any infectious respiratory disease of unknown etiology. Colds - a colloquial expression, which is popularly known as ARI and ARI.
When antibiotics are needed
Antibiotics are designed to combat a bacterial infection, so treat SARS antibacterial agents does not make sense, even at high temperatures. Moreover, use of this group of drugs can provoke the occurrence of side reactions lead to poor patient health.
Sometimes the doctor may prescribe antibiotics as a preventive measure at the beginning of the viral infection, when a weakened immunity, the body is unable to adequately resist disease.
This is necessary to prevent possible complications in immunocompromised patients and transplant organs, elderly patients or patients with cancer. And also after surgery or chronic airway disease.
Antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections in adults shows that as a result of infection and increase the load on the immune system, develop complications due to the accession of pathogenic bacterial flora.
Antibacterial drugs are prescribed in the following cases:
- treatment was 5 days, and no improvement is observed;
Antibiotics help with SARS in adults and children. Against influenza viruses, they are useless! - cough persists for 10 days;
- holds low-grade fever, its marked increase;
- sputum and nasal secretions dimmed;
- inflamed lymph nodes;
- concerned about pain in the ear or in the sinuses.
If signs of deterioration should consult a doctor. Independently appoint a medication can not, because not all drugs work the same way for each individual dose is adjusted individually. Each medication contraindications exist and the likelihood of adverse effects.
Classification of antibiotics catarrhal viral diseases
In acute respiratory diseases are assigned different groups of antibiotics having a wide range of impact action on the microorganisms. Usually, when SARS in adults used types of antibiotics that are active against the micro flora that causes inflammation in the airways.
These medicines include:
- penicillins;
- cephalosporins;
- macrolides;
- fluoroquinol;
- aminoglycosides;
- tetracyclines.
Medicaments characterized by the chemical structure of organic substances, and the type of spectrum bacterial action. Selection means and method for receiving localization driven inflammatory process, anamnesis data, the state of immunity, the patient's age and laboratory analyzes.
penicillins
The main component of this type of antimicrobial agents - 6-aminopenicillanic acid. By origin distinguish natural penicillins, which are synthesized by fungi (Penicillin), and semisynthetic derivatives having a wide range of effects on the bacterial flora: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin.
Medicaments exhibit bactericidal effect, inhibit the synthesis of the main component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to the death of microorganisms.
cephalosporins
The basis of the chemical structure of cephalosporin - 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. It features the latest generation of drugs - a broad range of antimicrobial effects, and increased resistance to enzymes that produce a single-celled organisms. Therefore, to get used to these antibiotics has been slower than penicillin.
The bactericidal properties of the drug carried by the ability to destroy the cell walls of adult organisms, releasing hydrolytic enzymes and dissolve bacteria.
macrolides
Group preparations are complex POLYCARBONYL compounds of natural and semi-synthetic origin. The macrolides are bacteriostatic action: destroy microorganisms structure otvevayuschih for production of proteins.
As a result, the bacteria lose their ability to grow and multiply. Drugs active against gram-positive staphylococcal and streptococcal flora. May be an alternative in the treatment of patients with an allergy to penicillin.
Macrolides - representatives of the least toxic class of drugs, rapidly reach high concentrations in the tissues of the body, is well tolerated by patients. It revealed no cases of severe allergic reactions and effects on the central nervous system, so the drugs most often are assigned to elderly people. Founder group - Erythromycin synthesized in 1952 g of soil bacteria, actinomycetes.
fluoroquinol
This type of drug contained in the molecular structure fluoro. It stands out among other antibiotics, as different synthetic origin and has no natural counterpart. Medications are used when a patient is found intolerance to penicillins or other means of treatment has not brought positive results.
Drugs are harmful for Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobes:
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
- Many strains of streptococci;
- pneumococci;
- mycoplasma and chlamydia.
Drug Actives destroying membranes of bacteria by inhibiting enzymes critical cells, further DNA synthesis violate microorganisms, resulting in their death. Members of the species - Levofloxacin, Avelox, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin.
The high bactericidal activity fluoroquinol allowed to create on their basis of dosage forms for topical use, operating directly in the inflammation. For example, Tsipromed droplets are assigned with otitis, and they can be used as a means internazalnogo during rhinitis colds.
aminoglycosides
Antibiotics with SARS in adults aminoglycoside discharge exhibit bactericidal effect by acting on the biosynthesis of protein structures by rupture of genetic information into the cell. Show activity independently of the reproduction phase bacteria.
Direct destruction of microorganisms results in a rapid result in the treatment and does not depend on the state of the human immune system. Therefore, these antimicrobial agents are used in complicated disease lesion gram negative anaerobes as drugs act in the presence of oxygen.
Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed in the gut, it is therefore used as an injection for local treatment of mucosal (Gentamycin, Amikacin).
tetracyclines
Group of antibiotics with a wide range of actions, works against Gram-negative bacteria, chlamydia and mycoplasma. Effect on some Gram-positive organisms, but inferior to penicillin. Tetracyclines powerless over acid-fast organisms and molds.
The bacteriostatic action of the preparations is to suppress the protein synthesis is mainly applied to growing and proliferating microbes, acting inside and outside the bacterial cell.
Medicines tetracycline with SARS are used infrequently but are appointed. Long-term use of antibiotics and the addition to animal feed as a means of stimulating growth, has led to the spread of resistant strains to the active substance.
Top 10 antibiotics from the pharmacy
Antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections in adults, the most effective:
| Drug name and analogues, price | Description | Features reception |
| 1. Amoxiclav (96-120 rubles). (Augmentin) |
The medicament contains the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, which expands the range of effects on pathogenic bacteria, enhances the activity of human leukocytes. The drug belongs to the category of penicillins, represented by:
After 45 minutes of taking the maximum concentration achieved in the blood plasma. |
Dosing regimen - three times a day 250-500 mg, in severe cases, a dose increase. Amoksitsiklav not indicated for sensitivity to cephalosporins, monocytic angina, acute liver diseases. During the course of receiving the required control condition of the liver, kidney, and hemopoietic |
| 2. Flemoksin Soljutab (250-330 rubles). (Amoxicillin, Amoxil, Amoksisara) |
The medicine discharge semisynthetic origin of penicillins with the active substance amoxycillin. It is produced in the Netherlands. Available in the form of dispersible tablets (dissolving in the mouth). The drug has a bactericidal effect, working against staphylococcal infections, no effect on strains which produce penicillinase. Compared with Amoksitsiklavom absorbed faster. |
The dose is calculated individually for adults single dose varies in the range 250-500 mg at intervals of 8 hours for kidney interval should be increased. Reception 1, the permitted In severe cases, The drug penetrates through the placenta, excreted in breast milk in small amounts, reduces the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives and macrolides |
| 3. Supraks Soljutab (686-725 rubles). (Cefixime, Lopraks, Maksibat, Tseforal Soljutab) |
Italian effective bactericidal agent active component - cefixime, which relates to semisynthetic cephalosporins 3 generation. It sold as a dissolving tablet of 400 mg. The antibiotic is active against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, and is insensitive to β-lactamase enzymes, which produce microorganisms. |
The basic substance is slowly excreted, so it is taken once daily at 400 mg or in the morning and 200 mg in the evening. Absolute contraindication purpose tablets advocates intolerance penicillins and cephalosporins. Their caution is prescribed for kidney disease, in the elderly, colitis. In pregnancy, drug use in exceptional cases |
| 4. Sumamed (297-450 rubles, the price depends on the release form, capsules more expensive.) (Hemomitsin, Azithromycin, Azitroks, Azibiot) |
Medicine Croatian production with the active substance - azithromycin component has a wide range of actions on Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Prescribed for the treatment of SARS with complications. Indications - an acute form of tonsillitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis. Antibiotic macrolide-azolides bacteriostatic action, in a high concentration causes the death of microbes. Available:
The substance of the serum penetrates quickly into the tissue is concentrated in the cells of the immune system phagocytes. Without damaging their functions moved to the area of inflammation and accumulates in the focus of infection. |
 The average dose calculated per patient weighing more than 45 kg, the duration of therapy - 3 days in a dosage of 1.5 - 1 g per day taken with 500 mg of drug.The decay of the active substance in the liver, so patients with severe pathologies body Sumamed contraindicated. With its carefully prescribed to patients with arrhythmias, due to the risk of worsening disease. |
| 5. Cefuroxime (1310 rubles). (Zinnat) |
Antibacterial drug belongs to the second generation cephalosporins. It means shown when affected mucosa of the respiratory system ─ rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchitis. The active ingredient - cefuroxime axetil, with a broad spectrum bactericidal action. The medicine is available:
The tablets are well absorbed, dissolve quickly and are absorbed in the intestine, distributed extracellular fluid. Bioavailability is increased after eating up 35-52%. |
The dose depends on the severity of the infection, on average - 250 mg 2-3 times daily for 5-10 days Among the contraindications - kidney failure, bleeding and gastrointestinal diseases, childbearing and lactation |
| 6. Clarithromycin (210 rubles). (Klatsid CP Fromilid) |
Tablets with the same active ingredient are semisynthetic macrolides. The antibiotic is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms when tonzillofaringit, otitis media, sinusitis and sinus. |
Clarithromycin is better absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract on an empty stomach. It is taken in the morning and evening on 250-1000 mg. The drug is contraindicated in patients with renal and hepatic failure, arrhythmias, hepatitis B and 1 trimester |
| 7. Ceftriaxone (1 vial py 19-27.) (Tsefamed) |
Preparation III relates to the generation cephalosporins produced in the form of powder for injection and intravenous administration. Antibiotic prescribed for bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The drug cope with a wide range of microbial flora, is 100% accessibility. | The maximum dose per day is not more than 4 g is usually used to 1 or 2 grams of solution with ledokain twice daily. The duration of treatment is due to strains of microorganisms: 4-10 days. Tsefriakson not prescribed for sensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillins and β-lactam antibiotics. With careful use during pregnancy, HS, with intestinal diseases, liver and kidneys. When assigning the likelihood of adverse reactions, especially in patients with renal and hepatic dysfunction |
| 8. Amikacin (365 rubles). (Moxifloxacin) |
Semisynthetic aminoglycoside and intended for intramuscular injection, and intravenous administration. After ingestion of 100% absorbed and distributed in the body, it accumulates in the cells, maintaining therapeutic concentrations up to 12 hours. The drug indicated for the inflammation and bronchial pneumonia. | The solution was slowly administered every 12 hours single dose - 7.5 mg / kg, rate of up to 10 days. During treatment requires control of renal, vestibular and auditory nerve. Contraindications to the use of playing:
In pregnancy, the drug is not used during the period of breastfeeding, if necessary, your doctor may prescribe medication. |
| 9. Doxycycline (22 rubles). (Doksal) |
Active ingredient semisynthetic tetracycline - doxycycline hydrochloride. Indications to receive capsules: the defeat of upper respiratory tract, tracheitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis. The substance is absorbed by 100%, regardless of the meal. The drug within 45 minutes after administration into the organs and tissues. The splits 60% in the liver, excreted in the bile, urine, intestinal contents. |
The daily dose is 200-300 mg, it was partitioned into 2 uniform reception. Take with food and liquid to prevent the development of gastritis. In renal insufficiency, the volume of the drug is reduced due to the ability to accumulate in the body. Tetracyclines easily penetrates through the placental barrier and into breast milk, have a negative impact on the development of the fetus and children up to 12 years. Therefore, medication group are contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Drugs are not prescribed if the patient:
The drug reduces the effectiveness of hormone pills. |
| 10. Ofloxacin (18 rubles). | Ofloxacin - 2nd generation fluoroquinol. The pharmacy can buy pill, solution for injection. The drug is indicated:
The substance is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, it reaches the highest concentration after 2 h. Is distributed in white blood cells, tissues, bones and body fluids, is derived through the kidneys. |
Adult daily dose - 200-400 mg, therapy performed course of a week to 10 days. Contraindication to receive are:
Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, severe liver, kidney, CNS - conditions in which the drug is prescribed with caution. The medicine should not be taken for more than 2 months, the period of treatment exposure to UV radiation and prolonged exposure to the sun is contraindicated. |
Antibiotics are designed to combat bacterial lesions, so it is useless to take when infected by viruses. The prophylactic use of these drugs can lead to serious consequences. When SARS in adults doctor prescribes antibiotics when there are signs of deterioration, indicating that the accession of the bacterial flora.
Registration of the article: Mila Friedan
Videos about antibiotics in adults with SARS
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