Alanine aminotransferase increased ALT. What does this mean for men, women, children, treatment

Elevated alanine aminotransferase value often indicates liver pathology. But just as the state is characteristic of other diseases. Changing the index should not be ignored. If any deviation is necessary to find out the cause.

What does the analysis on alanine aminotransferase

Alanine (increased or decreased is determined after delivery of the analysis), or in abbreviated called ALT ALT. This enzyme is important for the body. ALT controls the metabolic processes, strengthens the immune system.

Alanine aminotransferase most produced in the liver. A small amount of ALT is in the kidney, heart, pancreas. When tissue damage occurs, the indicator value is changed.

If ALT levels can be used to detect diseases of the following bodies:

• liver;
• renal system;
• pancreas;
• bile ducts;
• heart.

As well as using the ALT values ​​can determine the degree of damage of liver hepatitis, designated effectiveness of drug treatment. The test is mandatory for blood donors.

Most often prescribed together with ALT analysis to determine the change level of AST or AST - aspartate aminotransferase it. Indicators are interconnected, so the ratio between them is determined. Due to the results we can conclude present pathologies.

When the prescribed study

Assay for determination of alanine aminotransferase administered using toxic drugs.

And in the case of the presence of the following symptoms:

• fatigue with minimal exertion;
• lack of appetite;
• a feeling of weakness;
• constant presence of nausea;
• selection vomit;
• bleached stool;
• yellowish tint eyes;

  

• dark-colored urine;
• pain in the abdomen;
• flatulence in the abdomen;
• yellowing of the skin;
• violation stool (diarrhea or constipation);
• yellow plaque on the tongue;
• a slight increase in body temperature (up to 38 degrees);
• bruising for no reason;
• swelling;
• fluid collection in the abdominal cavity;
• a sharp decrease in body weight (may be evidence of cancer);
• trouble sleeping;
• emotional instability - irritability, tearfulness;
• pain in the head;
• increased sweating;
• brittle nails and hair.

In addition to symptoms listed, the analysis on the definition of ALT values ​​assigned if the doctor recommended reception drugs. As a result, you can find out the effectiveness of the therapy.

norm

ALT should be generated only inside the cells - is the norm. And the blood contains a small amount of indicator. But when the disease bodies alanine penetrates the blood, then the value deviates from the optimum level.

Norma index depends on the age and sex of the individual. The following are the optimal values ​​of ALT.

men

Compared with women, the stronger sex is highest. But it should not exceed 45 U / L.

Among women

Optimal ALT importance to women:

• adult - 35 U / L;
• pregnant - 32 U / L;
• mature - up to 30 U / L.

children

ALT levels in children depends on the age.

Norm listed in the table below:

Age group of child	Normal ALT (units / L)
Newborn 1 - 2 days	31
Newborn 3 - 30 days	49
1 - 6 months.	56
6 - 12 months.	54
1 - 3 years	33
36 years	29
6 - 12 years	38
12 – 18	27

Since children develop at different rates, the rate can change slightly. Over time, the condition is normalized.

How to prepare for the study

To test for ALT were as accurate as possible, it is necessary to observe the rules of preparation.

They include the following items:

1. For 5 - 7 days to completely abandon the spirits. When receiving alcohol, liver cells die, the test result is unreliable.
2. 3 days to adhere to proper nutrition. It is recommended to eat 5 - 6 times a day with intervals between meals 3 - 4 hours. Portions should be 200 - 300 g It is forbidden to eat fatty, fried, salty. And do not eat sweet, flour, smoked. It is necessary to reduce the amount of salt, since it retains water in the body.
3. For 1 - 2 days to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked.
4. For 1 - 2 days to eliminate the strong physical exertion.
5. For 1 - 2 days to avoid stress.
6. Meals for 8 - 14 hours prior to the study. Food must digest and assimilate.
7. If the analysis gives up in the morning, after waking up on the day of delivery of the biomaterial, it is prohibited to eat, drink tea or coffee. Allowed only pure non-carbonated water. But when the analysis is scheduled for the afternoon, you can afford a light meal 4 hours before the biomaterial delivery.
8. Exclude smoking for 3 - 4 hours before taking the biomaterial.

If a person takes medication, make sure you must specify this at a reception at the doctor. Some groups of drugs may alter the figure. The specialist will recommend the appointment or change the finish date of delivery of the biomaterial.

How does the biomaterial fence

The fence biomaterial is no big deal. To analyze the venous blood is often used because it increases the accuracy of the result. But sometimes take capillary blood from the finger, often it happens in clinics. biomaterial sampling method specified in the table.

the sight of blood	sampling method
capillary	The mechanism of taking blood from a finger: 1. A person is asked to sit in front of a qualified professional. 2. Disinfected with an alcohol swab proposed location of the puncture. 3. Disposable needle puncture made in the pad of the ring finger. 4. Take off the first drop of blood with cotton wool. 5. Gain material of the finger using a glass adapter. 6. Biomaterial is placed in a test tube. 7. Signed with the blood capacity (full name, date of birth). 8. Treat the damaged place on the finger using alcohol wipes. 9. Asking clamp cotton wool and hold it until it stops blood. 10. Sending to a laboratory test tube
venous	Venous blood samples from different sampling capillary. To do this, the nurse uses the following plan of action: 1. A person is asked to sit on a chair. 2. Vienna is chosen from which will be taken biomaterial. 3. Shoulder harness is applied. 4. Medical practice and asks the person to pinch and unclench his fist several times. This requires that the longer veins full of blood and palpable. 5. With the help of alcohol wipes disinfect the proposed location of the capture of the biomaterial. 6. Insert the needle into the vein. In modern laboratories use vacuum tubes - Vakutainers. The needle goes into the plastic cap. The tube is inserted into the cap and fill with blood. 7. Loosen the harness. 8. Fill tube. 9. The needle is removed, treated with the damaged spot with alcohol wipes. 10. A person needs to bend the arm at the elbow and pressed wool to the faulty place, that there was no bruising. In modern medical professional laboratories bandaging the injury disposable elastic bandage, which is removed after 30 - 40 min. 11. Sign test tube with biomaterial (name, date of birth) and sent to the laboratory

How to wait for the study results

Date of receipt of the results may vary with depending on the organization and the date of the taking of biomaterial. Most often, the value of alanine aminotransferase known after 1 day after donating.

Explanation responses analysis

ALT levels can vary depending on age, gender, individual characteristics. Therefore, interpretation of the results should be engaged in only by the doctor. It is best to consult a physician. Later, he can write a referral to a different specialization.

Alanine can be increased or decreased. Doctors know the cause of the extent to rate changed. Detailed information can be found in the table.

Changing the value of ALT	Cause
Up to 2 times	Disregard for the preparatory measures, a lot of stress, it takes test retake
B 2 - 3 times	Drinking alcohol, strong physical activity
In 3 - 5 times	receiving medications; organ injury; surgical intervention; pancreatitis chronic nature
In 5 - 10 times	The inflammatory process in the organs as a result of infection in
In 10 - 20 times	Chronic liver disease
In more than 20 times	Serious liver disease, cancer, cirrhosis

Which could affect the accuracy of the study?

Alanine aminotransferase increased or decreased - a condition that may not always be accurate. Sometimes a specialist sees that the value deviates from the norm, but for this there is no reason. Then recommended to be tested again. The fact is that sometimes a person does not comply with the rules of preparation, so the result may be distorted.

In addition, the reliability of the study the following factors:

• reception of drugs or biologically active additive (BAA);
• pregnancy;
• allergic reaction;
• the recent holding of surgery;
• chemotherapy.

If re-delivery analysis indicator again deviates from the norm, then the doctor recommends a complete examination of the body.

It includes the following procedures:

• collecting blood analysis;
• Deposit of urine;
• ultrasonography (US);
• X-rays;
• computed tomography (CT);
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

How much is a study where they spend

Cost analysis alanine aminotransferase vary by organization. If a person was discharged the direction of blood donation in the clinic - it is free.

But the cheapest tools for the collection of biological material (cloth, needles, etc.) used in the budgetary organizations. In private laboratories are paying more attention. That is, buy high-quality disposable instruments for use.

In private institutions the cost analysis of ALT ranges from 215 to 300 rubles. Additionally, you may be charged for the taking of blood (up to 250 rubles.) The price of the analysis depending on the organization is represented in the table.

Name of the organization	Cost analysis alanine aminotransferase (in rubles).	The cost of blood collection (in rubles).
Invitro	280	200
Helix	250	180
Hemotest	270	200
Sitilab	250	200

Reasons for increasing performance

Alanine aminotransferase increased in many diseases in the body. Most often, the excess indicator is in liver pathologies. Rare - diseases in cardiology.

In 10% of cases of high ALT value indicative of pancreatic lesions, as well as injuries to internal organs.

The reasons for raising alanine:

• Hepatitis. The nerve endings are located only in the body of the capsule, so damage to the parenchyma is not accompanied by symptoms. Symptoms appear after the appearance of the necessary changes in the liver.
• Cirrhosis. Prolonged exposure of toxic substances or infectious lesions of the liver, inflammation develops. Due to the protective response, organ tissue regenerate.
• Steatosis. The disease is characterized by fatty liver. That is, the cells are replaced by fatty tissue, so increases the value of ALT.
• Chronic alcoholism. Under the influence of alcoholic beverages on the liver, inflammation develops. Gradually, the body is destroyed, resulting in increased probability of cirrhosis.
• Holestez. Stagnation of bile is not only in the bladder but also the ducts. As a result, may increase ALT levels.
• Neoplasm. As a result, infringed healthy organ tissue. Elevated alanine aminotransferase value observed in malignant tumors of the liver. But there may be tumors in other organs - the pancreas, lungs.
• Myocardial infarction. The more necrosis, the higher the level of ALT. Myocardial blood flow appears as a result of the breach. If pathology uncomplicated, ALT levels increase gradually.
• Chronic heart failure.
• Myocarditis. The disease appears in the affected heart muscle. The result is shortness of breath, fatigue, increased ALT.
• Mononucleosis. The disease is contagious. As a result of changing the composition of blood, there are lesions in the liver and spleen.
• Acute pancreatitis.

Elevated ALT value in a pregnant woman is not always considered a deviation, and does not indicate a disease in the fetus. This happens due to the fact that the uterus puts pressure on nearby areas organs - the liver. The result is a slight tissue damage and increased release of ALT in the blood.

Methods for normalization of ALT levels

Increased alanine aminotransferase may be any human being, but it is a condition that needs treatment. The doctor examines the patient and polls, studies the results of the survey. Next, make a diagnosis, prescribe treatment. Part of combination therapy, ie, includes several methods.

Namely:

• medications;
• folk therapy;
• proper nutrition.

preparations

Medications help lead indicator of ALT to normal. Commonly used drugs are listed in the table.

Group Medicine	Act	medicines
hepatoprotectors	Protect the liver from the effects of toxic substances and restore its structure	Essentiale Forte N. Geptral. Kars. Phosphogliv
antibacterial	Prescribed for infectious lesions. Drugs kill bacteria	Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav
antiviral	Reduce the amount of virus	Acyclovir, Anaferon, Ingavirin
chemotherapy	Drug administered group in the case of Oncology	Methazolamide, mitomycin
Bile	Accelerate the excretion of bile	Allohol, Holenzim
digestive enzymes	improve digestion	Mezim, Festal, Creon
immunostimulants	Stimulate the immune system	Immunal
vitamin complexes	Compensate for the lack of nutrients	Vitrum, Complivit, Multi - Tubbs

Folk remedies

People's therapy can be used to reduce the levels of alanine aminotransferase. Compared with drugs, herbal remedies have a low probability of side effects.

Popular recipes of traditional therapy:

• The infusion of thistle. To prepare the recipe, it is necessary to take 1 tsp seed plants in comminuted form, and 1 cup of hot water. Capacity with a solution tightly and leave for 20 minutes. Filtered, taking 30 minutes. before meals 2 times a day. Said amount is calculated on one application. Use Course - 3 weeks. The solution should be drunk slowly, as a tea.
• Herb tea. For the preparation you need to take St. John's wort, immortelle, celandine in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. Thoroughly grind the raw material, all mixed, sugar and 1 liter of hot water. Container with liquid tightly and leave for 12 hours. Next, simmer for 10 minutes. Filtered, taking 100 ml 4 times a day. The course of treatment - up to 14 days.
• Infusion of dandelion. To prepare the recipe should take 200 g of crushed dandelions and 100 ml of vodka. The effect to be better, it is recommended to add 30 ml of glycerol, which can be purchased in the pharmacy network. All mixing, the solution was left in a cool place for 24 hours. Take 2 tbsp 3 times a day. therapy - 2 to 3 weeks.

diet therapy

To reduce ALT levels is recommended to adhere to proper nutrition.

Diet principles:

• Eat 5 - 6 times a day with intervals between meals 3 - 4 hours. Portions should be 200 - 300 g
• It is forbidden to eat fatty, fried, salty.
• You should not eat sweet, flour, smoked.
• Reduce the amount of salt, since it retains water in the body.
• It is better to cook steamed, boiled or baked in the oven.
• Add in the diet of more fruits and vegetables.
• Replace the product with a high content of fat in the low-calorie.

A list of allowed and forbidden foods listed in the table below:

Authorized products	prohibited products
lean meats (turkey, chicken); lean fish (cod, pike); oils - flax, olive, sunflower; low-calorie salad dressings; vegetables - beans, peas, lentils; fruits; dairy products with low-fat; bakery products - grain breads, cereals; soups - vegetable, fish, mushroom; cereals - oats, corn; nuts - walnuts, almonds; green tea; juice; water	fatty meats - duck, goose, beef; oily fish - eel; canned food; margarine; palm kernel and coconut oil; mayonnaise; ketchup; fatty sauces; high-calorie dairy products; sweet; flour - cake, muffins, rolls; nuts - cashews; cocoa; beer; shoplifting juices; carbonated drinks

Prognosis and complications

If ALT levels are increased, by means of adequate treatment can normalize the condition, as well as reduce the likelihood of complications. But, in some cases, a complete cure is not possible.

For example, the following diseases:

• Hepatitis. Pathology is often prone to chronic course. Therefore, to completely get rid of hepatitis can not. Allowed only remission, that is, the weakening or disappearance of symptoms.
• Cirrhosis, hepatic necrosis. Disease have a poor prognosis, it is often fatal.

If you do not pay attention to the elevated levels of ALT does not engage in treatment, then there is a high probability of complications of diseases. And also possibly fatal.

Alanine is an important indicator. According to the study, you can evaluate the work of the internal organs. If the index is strongly raised or lowered - this is evidence of violations.

Most often, doctors suspect pathology liver, heart and pancreas. After conducting a full examination of the body, the specialist prescribes treatment. As therapy using drugs and folk remedies proper nutrition.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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