General anesthesia is what it is, the consequences for the organism than dangerous, how do, how much waste, contraindications, allergies

One of the options to ensure the most comfortable treatment and surgery, general anesthesia is considered, the consequences of which for the body are minimal, but inevitable. By agreeing to the procedure should be to learn more about the possible consequences of the application, the advantages and disadvantages of its impact on health and well-being of the patient.

What is the general anesthesia

General anesthesia or general anesthesia - this is the most complicated method of pain relief during surgery.

expressed:

• unconsciousness;
• muscle relaxation;
• full anesthesia.

The purpose of the use of general anesthesia are:

• qualitative and fruitful conduct operations;
• avoidance of discomfort and stress for the body during surgery, cause pain;
• monitor the health of the patient during and after treatment;
• eliminate the risk of occurrence of mental disorders.

How do general anesthesia

The condition referred to as a general anesthetic, the consequences for the organism which experts try to learn the patient can enter in 2 ways:

• using a mask - a mask worn on the patient, through which he inhales the drug introducing it into a state of deep restful sleep;
• using a syringe - in the vein injected sleeping pills to ensure a deep sleep and complete relaxation of the human body.

Use of the second method involves the use of drugs that have different effects on the process of analgesia:

• ketamine and Rekofol - frequently used medications are injected into a deep sleep while maintaining respiration, and considered the most safe;
• fentalin - used to suppress reactions to pain and create a doze;
• Union of the above drugs - used to obtain a complete stop of all reactions, including breathing, the method is considered the most dangerous.

The mechanism of action of general anesthesia

This process is divided into four components:

• Sleep with drugs - the introduction of specific drugs causes the patient to calm down, relax and immerse drowsy state. Length - 4 minutes;
• Full anesthesia - numbness in the body reactions associated with the fear of pain, are braked down to almost a full stop. Duration - from 7 to 15 minutes;
• General relaxation - the last stage of the patient to bring in a resting state and start to perform surgical procedures.

Depending on the purpose of the operation, there are several options for sleeping:

• very deep;
• light;
• deep;
• drowsiness.

The duration depends on the type of operation. Awakening - the patient's return to the conscious state after surgery.

How long is the general anesthesia

The duration of action of general anesthesia, the consequences of which for the body are not always serious, depends on 3 factors:

• health;
• age;
• time operation and its type:
• cesarean abortion - 20 min. to an hour;
• treatment of gynecological diseases, intestinal - from 1.5 to 2 hours;
• breast surgery - 3 to 6 hours;
• organ transplantation - from 8 to 15 hours.

Important! If a patient is at risk, while anesthesia is reduced as much as possible without harm to health and the course of the operation.

How long will depart from the general anesthesia

organism adaptation period after operation occurs for each person in different ways.

Among the factors affecting the duration of the move away from general anesthesia, the consequences of which for the body is minimal, it is worth noting:

• health;
• depth of sleep;
• the complexity of the treatment.

In the case of high-quality and short stroke operation, the high qualifications of the doctor, sleep difficulty - patient general anesthesia leaves a maximum of 6 hours. If surgery lasts 3 hours and above - the adaptation period of up to 3 days.

Useful tips:

• The most accurate information regarding the adaptation of the organism after the anesthesia, it is recommended to learn the specialist narrow profile, as it had been able to identify the more likely when the patient comes to normal after operations;
• To speed up the adaptation of anesthesia, it is desirable for 2-3 days before the operation to go on a diet, expect light food, such as soups;
• In the case of tremor in his hands enough to hide a warm blanket;
• Use analgesics to relieve spasms of the head;
• The adaptation period and after it is important to drink plenty of fluids to bring all chemicals from the body.

Effect of general anesthetics on the body

Since the problem of general anesthesia - is the introduction of the human unconscious with drugs, it greatly affects:

• cognitive function, Disruption of which is expressed in a weakening of memory, distraction of attention, learning and reducing the concentration to some concrete objects or entities, the surrounding human;
• the nervous system - expressed strong emotional excitability;
• The liver and kidneys - in this case the effect of not only a negative (patients with the disease of these organs are not allowed before the treatment under general anesthesia), but also a positive - described filter body organs are therefore used for a large liquid and dieting, quickly eliminate harmful substances from the body;
• Vision - after surgery may be a manifestation of blindness or partial loss of the seen image.

To avoid the consequences of actions or general anesthesia to reduce the risk of their occurrence, doctors are advised to:

• a week before the operation to follow a strict diet, including boiled foods and meatless meals;
• six weeks prior to surgery to give up alcohol and tobacco;
• discontinue the use of medication, relieves spasms;
• to be in a good mood;
• after treatment with diet, helps to speed up the restoration and adaptation of the organism.

What is the effect of general anesthesia on the brain

The level of influence on the human brain depends on its age. The greatest damage may occur in a child - perhaps inhibition in development after use of strong medications.

In adult patients, memory impairment occurs. The duration of the side effect for about a year. Manifestation is more common in people with heart disease.

The influence of general anesthesia on the heart

Effects of general anesthesia, the effects of which are unpredictable to the body, takes place through the action of anesthetics that are used for administration to the patient unconscious. Variability of side effects depends on the type of medicationFor example, "Halothane" has a negative impact on the work of the heart muscle, but short-lived - 30 minutes, then the body returns to normal.

The most powerful drugs have a negative effect on blood pressure, expressed its decline. It is also possible manifestation of symptoms suggestive of disruption of heart rhythm.

How does the general anesthesia to a woman's body

Negative impact on the female body has a general anesthesia during pregnancy, especially at 3 and 8 months of fetal development:

• in the first trimester is probably a manifestation of the pathology of the baby;
• in the third trimester possible premature birth, miscarriage, bleeding.

In the absence of an interesting situation, disrupted menstrual cycle.

Causes changes in the body can be:

• infection;
• gynecological surgery;
• change of food;
• Additional drug load on the body.

Contraindications

Apply general anesthesia, the consequences of which are unpredictable to the body, is prohibited in the presence of:

• heart disease in the last stage;
• kidney disease and liver;
• infectious diseases acute stage;
• respiratory system diseases - asthma, SARS - in the last stage;
• bronchitis in the last stage;
• viral infection;
• suppressed vital functions of the body;
• allergic reactions to medication;
• skin diseases;
• receiving narcotic substances action;
• mental disorders at any level;
• pregnancy;
• diseases of the nervous system in the late stages;
• period after setting vaccinations (operation is possible after 20-30 days from the day of vaccination);
• hormonal abnormalities.

The above-mentioned health problems occur in all patients and are banned for use of general anesthesia. However, special attention should be paid to the prohibitions related to children, because it is small, patients are at risk described procedure.

Operations using the deep sleep is forbidden for children to:

• high temperature;
• rubella, measles;
• skin diseases;
• rickets;
• low levels of calcium in the body;
• stomach upset.

What might be the consequences and complications after general anesthesia

Consequences and complications can affect different body systems, as well as different ways to manifest.

The consequences for the female body

Due to the fact that the body carries Female hard impact of medicines because of the inherent weakness, therefore, likely to develop a large number of negative symptoms after total transfer anesthesia.

Among the consequences:

• headache;
• vomiting;
• itching;
• head brain edema;
• pulmonary disease.

temporary effects

Damage to the tongue and mouth cavity shown in many due to dehydration and the presence of lesions in the oral cavity. The action is short-lived.

Important! To avoid the risk of damage to the lips, tongue and teeth, experts recommend before the operation to be examined by a dentist to make sure that the gums and teeth in good condition.

Common types of consequences:

• Interrupting sleep during surgery - is shown in the case of low drug concentrations in the body. Has a negative impact, expressed as a mental disorder and long-term adaptation after surgery;
• Violation of lung function - is shown in the case of high drug concentrations creating general anesthesia, the body;
• Dizziness - common in all. It is seen in the case of dehydration and change in blood pressure;
• confusion - common in elderly patients. The effect takes place in the process of adaptation and recovery of the body;
• shaking hands - tremors in the extremities is a consequence of the use of painkillers. It does not bear a negative impact on the body. It lasts for about 20-30 minutes after departure from the anesthesia .;
• convulsions - common in all. The reason is the manifestation of the effect dehydration or excess calcium. Not bear negative consequences for the organism;
• Back pain - it appears in connection with being in one position for a long time;
• Sore throat - the effect lasts from several hours to several days. The duration depends on the presence of external stimuli. Manifested in swallowing and speaking;
• Muscle aches - occur in male patients of middle and younger age at the shoulders and neck. The duration of effect of from 2 to 3 days after surgery.

rare effects

Rarely are such consequences:

• The deterioration of the nervous system - appears if a high concentration in the blood of potent medicines obtained stress during the operation, not enough medicines for a deep sleep and, therefore, further - the awakening during surgery, the feeling of painful cramps during operations.
• Death or brain damage - appears if elderly patients, the operation takes place urgently, there are serious diseases of the lungs, the heart, there is a failure of vital organs, a high level of susceptibility to stroke or heart attack, the patient recently suffered a stroke, surgery prone to neck, head, heart, important artery;
• Anaphylactic shock - an allergic reaction to medication, is a threat to human life or health.

Symptoms of anaphylactic shock:

• circulatory disorder;
• muscle pain;
• drop in blood pressure;
• lack of oxygen;
• headache;
• loss of consciousness.

In the case of partial memory lapses and headaches, doctors recommend the use of medication to improve blood circulation, such as "" Piracetam, "" Cavintonum "or" Glycine ". Prior to the adoption of these drugs is recommended to consult a doctor.

Asthenic syndrome - a mental disorder marked by fatigue, loss of attention, weakness. Causes - constant stress or strain and trauma caused by the action of drugs used in the creation of general anesthesia.

Asthenic syndrome symptoms:

• headache;
• irritability;
• weakness;
• shakiness of hands.

Risk group: who is more at risk to experience the negative effects of

Among the patients, which is dangerous to enter into a state of general anesthesia:

• children;
• people older than 50 years;
• people with weak hearts, severe heart disease;
• Patients with severe lung disease.

Important! For safe operation and correct choice of anesthesia experts recommend, and sometimes, it is strongly advised to get tested in the blood and the heart, and also to receive medical confirmation of the total professional, indicating the normal operation of all body.

Side effects

After coming out of unconsciousness and departing from the general anesthesia, the consequences of which are different to the body, unexpected symptoms may occur in a patient:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• difficulty going to the toilet.

These and other side effects, according to experts, there in the first days after surgical procedures, disappearing with time.

General anesthesia, which consequences for the organism often unpredictable, has both positive and negative sides. Subject to the rules mentioned above, the impact of deficiencies on the patient's body is minimal, but, despite this, in front of his choice is advisable to consult with a specialist.

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