Bipolar disorder - a serious disease of the mind characterized by constant change of mood from euphoria to periods of immersion in deep depression. According to WHO, this pathology is diagnosed in 3-year total population of the world and is particularly common in creative people who have devoted their lives to cinema.
The content of the article:
- 1 What is bipolar personality disorder
- 2 Forms of bipolar personality disorder
- 3 Stage and grade of the bipolar personality disorder
- 4 Symptoms of bipolar personality disorder
- 5 Causes of bipolar personality disorder
- 6 Diagnosis of bipolar personality disorder
- 7 When to see a doctor
- 8 Prophylaxis of bipolar personality disorder
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9 Methods of treatment of bipolar personality disorder
- 9.1 Medications
- 9.2 Psychotherapy
- 9.3 Other methods
- 10 possible complications
- 11 Videos about bipolar disorder
What is bipolar personality disorder
Bipolar personality disorder - is open relatively recently psychiatric pathology manifests itself in frequent mood swings, thinking, and behavior.
For persons suffering from manic-depressive psychosis, characterized by sudden changes in mental state in which the phase euphoria and joy instantly, without some reason, are replaced by depressions accompanying thoughts about the possible suicide. Most often, bipolar disorder diagnosed in young adults (approximately between the ages of 20 to 40 years) and is the second most common cause of disability and the reported cases of suicide.
About manic-depressive psychosis started talking seriously in 2005, following the revelations of Hollywood movie star Catherine Zeta-Jones, openly admitting their illness. Frustration is widespread among famous personalities, including film stars, scientists, artists and writers. According to studies, women who suffer from bipolar disorder 1.5 times more often than men.
Forms of bipolar personality disorder
Bipolar personality disorder (a disease marked by sharp mood changes of up to 5 times per day) is manifested in two forms:
- Initially, which is characterized by light morning or afternoon moments of euphoria and depression. In the evening, a man behaves quite normally.
- Secondary, reflected very distinct periods of mania or depression, occurring several times per day. In this type there is further loss of appetite, lack of mouthfeel and reduced weight. Often manifested in young women and may lead to uncontrolled suicidal impulse.
Experts differ bipolar (between mania replaced depressive mood) and unipolar (euphoria or depression) form of mental disorders.
Bipolar is:
- right-intermittent, during which phase of the disease alternates with a light period;
- wrong, that is characterized by a chaotic process of changing moods and moments of enlightenment;
- double, in which a repeating two-rows psychosis replaced long light period;
- circular, which has no light of consciousness.
Stage and grade of the bipolar personality disorder
All stages of mania (euphoria) are divided into:
- Hypomania, in which the patient is in a cheerful, elated. human speech is fast, attention is scattered, a few different topics may dramatically change the conversation patient.
- Expressed mania manifested meaningless speech, loud laughter, attention, offering unrealistic solutions.
- Manic frenzy, accompanied by chaotic movements and incoherent words.
- Consolation - the emergence of euphoria.
- The reaction in which a man returns to a normal state.
For depressive phase characteristic appearance:
- Initial depression, accompanied by a decrease in the health and vitality.
- Rise problematic condition characterized by depressed mood, insomnia, loss of appetite, problems in the performance of job duties.
- Severe depression - the maximum state manifested disjointed conversation, thoughts of suicide, not blinking eyes
- Reactive stage, during which the person returns to a normal state.
Symptoms of bipolar personality disorder
Bipolar personality disorder - a serious psychological problem faced by one third of the world's population. Set the disease can be on the totality of symptoms, repeatedly manifest and repeated in a single day.
Symptomatology of the disease in phases:
manic | depressive |
|
|
Observation of these signs for more than 5 times a day for 2-3 weeks shows a progressive disorder of the psyche.
Causes of bipolar personality disorder
For reasons that provokes the emergence of manic-depressive psychosis, include:
- a genetic predisposition to the disease;
- experienced in childhood or after severe stress, which could be considered a physical or emotional abuse, serious financial problems, death of a loved one, divorce is hard;
- disruption of the dopamine and serotonin receptors.
Bipolar disorder often occurs in people suffering from alcoholism, drug addiction or substance abuse.
Diagnosis of bipolar personality disorder
Bipolar disorder is a personality - it is dangerous to others and above all the patient's disease that can lead to disability and suicide. Diagnose pathology can be during the personal interview on which the psychiatrist to explore the origins and history of the disease, a genetic history of the patient's family, experienced previously stressful situations.
Depending on the patient's story is set disorder phase:
- depressing;
- manic;
- hypomania;
- suicidal.
For proper diagnosis and determination of treatment specialist must specify:
- The duration of the disease. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed by the presence of recurrent symptoms within 4 hours.
- Do disorder surrounding mental patient people say.
- Does the patient have any professional and social problems.
- Does the patient narcotic or psychotropic substances, which can cause mood swings.
When to see a doctor
Should consult a physician upon detection at 10 of the above symptoms for 2-3 weeks. Suspecting bipolar disorder should first consult a physician and undergo a complete examination, including blood, urine, and the study of hormonal background.
This procedure is done to exclude endocrine abnormalities, similar in symptoms to a mental disorder.
In the absence of health problems need to consult a psychiatrist and a specialist to answer questions:
- of previously existing children's mental and physical injuries;
- about family illnesses;
- about your lifestyle;
- about relationships with other people;
- to have a tendency to frequent changes of mood;
- about possible problems with drugs.
During the conversation the doctor make a diagnosis and determine treatment. Speaking According to the Hollywood movie star Catherine Zeta-Jones' Bipolar disorder - it is not a sentence. It does not need to be ashamed of, and should be kept under control. "
Prophylaxis of bipolar personality disorder
Bipolar disorder is not amenable to primary prevention. Personal psychiatry has not revealed enough productive ways to relief the disease at an early stage of development. Secondary prevention of the disease is directed at maintaining long-term remission. Consequently, the sick person is strictly forbidden to spontaneously stop treatment.
It is equally important to the patient in order to prevent recurrence of the disease:
- Monitor the hormonal endocrine abnormalities to prevent triggering a manic-depressive psychosis.
- Be extremely careful, as far as possible while avoiding various injuries (especially the brain).
- Time to identify and treat any infectious and somatic diseases.
- Observe the regime of the day, plenty of rest and sleep.
- Try not to get into conflict situations and avoid stress.
Exacerbation of bipolar disorder most often occurs in the autumn or spring. At this time lyudyami, marking at the presence of the propensity to sickness, it is important to conduct a correct way of life, rest more and do not get into the known conflicts.
Methods of treatment of bipolar personality disorder
Therapy helps to normalize the mental state of the patient to a stable remission phase. Severe forms of bipolar disorder require hospital treatment. Light is allowed to stop on an outpatient basis.
Medications
The use of medication helps to cope with bouts of mania and depression and stabilize mood. For the treatment of illness and antidepressants psychotics appointed.
name of product | Characteristic | Side effects |
Lithium | mood stabilizer, which allows to stop the symptoms of euphoria |
|
asenapine | Antipsychotic, indicated for the treatment of stress, accompanied by nightmares | |
valproic acid | Anticonvulsants, reduces anxiety and convulsive brain areas | |
lamotrigine | Locking discharge excitation hormones | |
mood stabilizers | ||
lamictal | Overwhelming depression, mood leveled. |
|
Seroquel | ||
Zyprexa | ||
antipsychotics | ||
Olanzipin Rispiridon quetiapine |
Seratoninovyh blockers and dopamine nerve endings |
|
antidepressants | ||
duloxetine | Seratoninovye inhibits dopamine receptors and increases the pain threshold | When receiving uncontrolled can cause suicidal |
Tsitolopram | ||
Amitripilin | ||
other drugs | ||
benzodiazepine | The fast (within 30 min) the medicament helps reduce anxiety, insomnia prevented. Is assigned to an active primary treatment steps | |
Calcium channel blockers | They are used in the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies, but help stabilize mood. Prescribed persons with contraindications to lithium and anticonvulsants. | |
To maintain the thyroid | Shown in hormonal disorders caused by this problem and mood fluctuations. May be administered to prevent the side effects of the treatment with lithium |
Drugs, dosage and course chosen strictly individual doctor for each patient.
Especially dangerous uncontrolled antidepressants because:
- These drugs are no more effective than mood stabilizers;
- Medicines can start strengthening mania. To prevent this effect it is necessary to supplement antidepressants reception lithium or valproic kislotoy.
- Prolonged treatment may provoke the opposite effect and cause the increase in the frequency of occurrence of episodes of mania and depression.
Psychotherapy
Psychological assistance is a prerequisite for successful treatment.
Communication with the psychiatrist helps the patient:
- take his fortune;
- learn to recognize the border states, and manage;
- control emotions;
- improve communication skills.
Psychological assistance consists of:
- Adjustments cognitive-behavioral function. At this stage, the patient unable to understand and come to terms with the disease, as well as learn how to manage it. Specialist together with the patient analyze the mental state, determine at what point the emotions start to spin out of control. The doctor teaches the patient to control his inner world, to avoid stressful situations and reduce their pathogenic effect.
- Interpersonal psychotherapy, aimed at adjusting the patient's life in society.
- Psychotherapy, social rhythms. Suffering from bipolar disorder are very sensitive to their biological hour. Influenced by social rhythms hours pass fail, causing the appearance of stress, which is a "trigger" for the occurrence of seizures. Psychotherapy helps stabilize social rhythms and build their relationship with the biological processes responsible for mood stability.
- Family therapy. A special place for the establishment of stable remission is establishing a favorable psychological climate in the family. Family psychotherapy conducted with people close to the patient, helps the family get in touch and help the joint effort to stop attacks of mania and depression.
Other methods
To struggle with bipolar disorder the patient must:
- Develop a training regimen to help release the required amount of energy and fight stress. Patients should be as much time as possible in the air, a lot of walks, exercise.
- Set light conditions. Biological clocks are directly dependent on the duration of the light of the day. With the help of artificial lighting may create favorable conditions enabling the patient to maintain the required 10 hours of sleep in the dark.
- Adhere to proper nutrition. Fatty acids and omega-3 needed to persons suffering from manic-depressive psychosis, as blinked to stop the effects of stress. Proper nutrition, with the inclusion in the diet of lots of fruits and vegetables so as to allow to reduce to a minimum the side effects of drugs that cause weight gain. When manic depressive syndrome need to give up alcohol and caffeinated products.
- Develop a sleep and wakefulness. Lack of sleep triggers stress and causes manic or depressive phase. Patients need to rest at least 8-10 hours in a darkened room.
In addition to traditional methods of assistance in the fight against the disease may have:
- Meditation, helping to stop the development of depressive phase. Meditation relaxes the muscles, reduces anxiety. Meditation is recommended to be combined with yoga and breathing exercises.
- Acupuncture, triggering a response to stress and relieves symptoms of mania.
In between bouts of man fully restored psychological functions.
Unfortunately, repeated relapses occur in 90% of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder, and about 40% from the time of losing touch with reality and acquire a disability. More than 3-year patients have minimal gaps light strips, or incessant phase of mania and depression.
possible complications
If untreated, bipolar disorder progresses. Exacerbation depressive phase is carried out in severe mental disorders and suicide attempts. In the manic phase, people become dangerous to themselves and others, as their ill-considered actions can cause an accident and the death of innocent people.
Bipolar disorder often coexists with alcoholism, drug addiction, substance abuse, increased depression and euphoria.
Bipolar disorder is a personality - a very common pathology that needs to be controlled. Overcoming fears and timely treatment to the doctor to let learn to control emotions, to prevent the development of dangerous disease phases and possibly save a life.
Videos about bipolar disorder
"Live healthy" about bipolar disorder: