Metformin. Instructions for use, how to take for weight loss. Price, real doctors analogues

In type 2 diabetes the body produces enough insulin but can not use it completely. Metformin is used in type 2 diabetes, regulates blood sugar levels. Instructions for use of the drug contains the information about the mechanism of the impact of drugs on blood glucose levels.

Chemical composition

The active substance in the composition of medicines - metformin hydrochloride. Guanidine derivatives (a substance that reduces the level of glucose in the blood) works effectively in many directions, while having a short list of contraindications and side effects.

The other components are ancillary nature and are a part of the shell.

release Form

The drug is available in tablet form.

The dosage of the active ingredient depends on the range of a particular firm-manufacturer:

• 500 mg;
• 850 mg;
• 1000 mg.

On the amount of active ingredient in the composition of the drug depends on the time of its impact: the ordinary or extended (in this case, metformin reduced to 1 times per day).

pharmachologic effect

With a hypoglycemic action, Metformin does not affect the production of insulin by the pancreas and as a consequence, does not lead to hypoglycemia. PReparata reduces the intensity of gluconeogenesis in the liver and glucose absorption of the digestive system and also improves muscle insulin sensitivity, speeding up the processing of glucose in the periphery.

Metformin (instruction on the detailed description of the pharmacological effect of the drug) reduces the risk of thrombosis, but also significantly reduces the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

The amount of metformin (a biguanide), amounting to a site of action substance highest (55-60%) when taking the drug on an empty stomach. Metformin postprandial significantly lowers indicators of maximum concentration in the blood, as well as 30 minutes slow start time of the active substance.

The substance is excreted in the urine unchanged due to the fact that the biguanide is not metabolized and excreted from the body by renal tubular secretion.

Indications Metformin

The drug is indicated for insulin-independent diabetes (type 2), especially when dieting failure, exercise and weight loss to reduce the concentration of blood sugar.

Metformin is also indicated for polycystic ovary syndrome.

polycystic ovary syndrome in women of reproductive age is one of the main reasons infertility, occurring against the background of endocrine disorders associated with increased insulin levels body. In women undergoing metformin therapy there is a decrease in blood pressure, reduction of insulin resistance and normalizes the menstrual cycle.

According to some reports the drug is suitable as a means for weight loss and an increase in life expectancy ( "cure for old age"). With age, decreased sensitivity of human hypothalamus and peripheral tissues to the action of insulin, which becomes the cause of hyperinsulinemia. The regulation of insulin sensitivity possible by the drug Metformin.

Contraindications

The main contraindications to the use of metformin is associated with the risk of lactic acidosis - a condition in wherein in brain tissues and accumulates an excessive amount of lactic acid which the body is unable metabolize. Status of lactic acidosis (lactic acidosis) is complicated by the risk of laktatsidemicheskoy coma.

Since the people who suffer from congestive heart failure, as well as functional disorders of the liver or kidneys, are included in risk of developing lactic acidosis, metformin, increases the likelihood of lactic acid accumulation in the body, It prohibited.

Metformin, instructions for use which should always be available, as it contains the most complete and detailed list contraindications, banned for use in the presence of specific chronic diseases or states.

They are as follows:

• of the liver and / or kidney;
• lactic acidosis;
• acute alcohol intoxication;
• dehydration, acute phase and / or complications of cardiovascular disease (violation stroke, myocardial infarction), as well as other state, contributing to the development of dairy acidosis;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• conditions in which insulin therapy is contraindicated;
• hypocaloric diet (1000 kcal per day or less);
• idiosyncrasy ingredient.

Use Metformin is contraindicated during radiographic radioisotope studies and when their holding involves the use of iodine-containing compounds (2 days before and 2 days after).

Metformin: instructions for use, dosage

Metformin (instructions for use inside the package contains precise information on the dosage of the drug) is recommended to be taken according to doctor's instructions. Depending on the dosage of the main active ingredient of the received one-time dose of preparation is from 500 to 1000 mg, the daily dose should not exceed 2500 mg.

In the case of the drug Metformin passes reception are encouraged to take as soon as possible.

If, before the next dose drugs have little time, by filling missed metformin should be discontinued. Independently one-time double dose of the drug to compensate for the missed absolutely contraindicated.

How to take the slimming

Experience metformin people with overweight or obese, demonstrated that they used antidiabetic drug significantly accelerates weight loss.

Alleged reasons for this effect is ambiguous: some researchers have suggested that metformin greatly It reduces appetite others - that study medication "reconfigures" the mechanisms of storage and processing of fat body.

Analysts agree on one thing: metformin alone is insufficient for weight loss. Drug therapy should be accompanied by a correction of the diet, the implementation of the recommended specialist exercise and review lifestyle in general.

The diet should not include products containing "fast" carbohydrates (sweet, flour, food of first class). In the absence of regular exercise during metformin to reduce weight maximum caloric intake should not exceed 1200 kcal.

Acceptable single dose of Metformin while taking the drug in order to reduce weight is not more than 500 mg, and the number of receptions per day - no more than three. In addition, when used to reduce the weight of the drug is not recommended for use in more than 30 days.

Side effects

The most frequently occurring side effects that occur when taking Metformin:

• nausea or vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• heartburn;
• bloating;
• abdominal pain;
• metallic taste in the mouth.

These side effects are small, usually at the beginning of drug administration and tested during the first weeks of use of the drug.

At the use of Metformin may be a manifestation of hypovitaminosis of vitamin B12, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

• burning sensation or numbness of the tongue;
• anemia;
  
• rash;
• numbness in the fingertips.

Deficiency of vitamin B12 can be compensated by receiving a special vitamin supplements.

The main side effects are rare, and occur mostly in people who have problems with the normal functioning of liver and / or kidney.

The most serious side effect is a rare but potentially fatal disease as lactic acidosis - accumulation of lactic acid in the body. The formation in the body tissues of excess amounts of lactic acid can cause loss of consciousness, coma and development lead to death.

If any of the following persistent symptoms should stop taking the drug and seek immediate medical attention:

• weakness and fatigue;
• unusual sleepiness;
• difficulty breathing;
• unusual muscle pain;
• dizziness;
• slowdown or other cardiac arrhythmias.

Are most at risk of developing lactic acidosis people suffering from alcohol dependence, as well as people, adhere to low-calorie diets or for other reasons have a high enough energy intake (less than 1000 kcal).

To prevent the risk of lactic acidosis is recommended to monitor serum creatinine and lactic acid in the body, handing over relevant assays twice a year or when the muscular pain.

Metformin (instruction manual contains a complete list of possible side effects) can also cause hypoglycemia. This can happen in parallel with the reception of a preparation saharoponizhayuschimi other means (e.g., insulin).

The symptoms of this condition are:

• dizziness;
  
• confusion;
• muscle tremors;
• sweating;
• headache;
• irritability;
• heart palpitations.

Along with the negative manifestations of the effects of metformin, there are a number of positive side effects.

The increase in life expectancy

Metformin is received in accordance with the purposes and scheme specified in the instructions for use, substantially It reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood and prevents the formation of sclerotic plaques, reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Determined that the duration of a person's life with diabetes type 2 and metformin significantly increases compared with people who have such a diagnosis, but not passing metformin.

Get sick of type 2 diabetes are at a risk of developing cardiovascular disease, suffering from hypertension, obesity, and having an elevated level of cholesterol in the blood. Soglassno research Metformin was the only antidiabetic agent, significantly reduced mortality from diabetes related type 2 cardiovascular disease.

The fact of the positive effect of metformin on endothelium - the inner surface of blood vessels. Due to the effects of the drug in this area, the smallest vessels fully operational, resulting in bodies suffering from age-related decline of microcirculation (eyes, kidneys), again get enough nutrients and oxygen.

Metformin Against Cancer

At the beginning of the 2000s. diabetologists noted that their patients taking metformin, significantly less likely to suffer from cancer. The ongoing for 20 years, numerous studies have not yet been established fact cure cancer with metformin.

Initial findings have led scientists to hope that Metformin and will welcome a cure for cancer, cheap and accessible to everyone. However, it was found that the drug is not a cure for cancer in the course of scientific research the disease completely, although it affects the development of the disease, reducing the growth and progression of cancer tumors.

This is due to the effects of the drug on the level of energy metabolism, characteristic of cancer cells.

There is reduction of the incidence and progression of cancer such as pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. For almost a half century of metformin preparation proved to be a means having a significant number of positive side effects.

Numerous scientific research being undertaken at the present time, based on long-term study of the effect of the drug on various aspects of the functioning of the human organism.

Thanks to the simple process of synthesis of a biguanide and as a consequence, the low cost of this material, the discovery of new mineral metformin properties, contributes to its accessibility and usability among different segments of the population, regardless of the standard of living and prosperity.

Overdose

In case of overdose of metformin may cause lactic acidosis symptoms:

• bradycardia;
• disorders of gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea);
• confusion and loss of consciousness;
• hypotension;
  
• laktoatsidoticheskoy coma.

With an overdose of the drug metformin should be discontinued immediately and seek specialized medical attention.

Interaction with other drugs

Metformin may interact with other medications, vitamins or herbs, taken at the same time. This may be harmful or significantly reduce the effectiveness of the drug or concomitant medication. To avoid adverse effects and interactions of all the medicines taken at the same time should be selected or approved by the attending physician.

Prohibited the simultaneous reception of ethanol due to the risk of lactic acidosis.

Together with the admission antigonadotropnym drugs may develop hyperglycemia.

Terms of sale and storage

Metformin can be purchased at a pharmacy with a prescription. Store the drug should be at a temperature no higher than 25 degrees out of reach of children.

special instructions

Information for pregnant women: it was not carried out sufficient research to assert unequivocally that the drug can affect the fetus. Studying the experience of taking the drug during pregnancy, performed in animals showed no adverse effects on the fetus, the mother nurtured metformin.

However, animal studies can not guarantee the absolute identity of the human body's reactions.

Women with type 2 diabetes during pregnancy to control blood sugar levels is usually recommended to take insulin, but not metformin. Selection and appointment of antidiabetic drugs for pregnant and lactating women should exercise endocrinologist.

analogs

The drug under the registered name Metformin produced a variety of pharmaceutical companies from around the world: Canon, Ozon (Russia), Teva (Israel), Zentiva (Slovakia) Gedeon Richter (Hungary). The medicine has a variety of dosage forms and release.

A large number of analogues of Metformin represented the Russian pharmaceutical market:

• Bagomet (Argentina) is a combination of two substances hypoglycemic - glibenclamide and metformin.
  
• Gliformin (Russia) is identical to metformin in the composition and action.
• Glyukofazh (France) - the original drug, "the founder of" metforminosoderzhaschih antidiabetic agents. Available in a variety of conventional dosages and prolonged action.
• OD Diaformin (India) is similar to that of metformin composition and function.
• Metfogamma (Germany) as well as other preparations based on biguanide has a variety of dosage forms and release.
• Siofor (Germany) - Metformin popular analog having a similar composition and mode of operation.

Price in drugstores of Moscow, St. Petersburg and the region

drug Name	The cost of the drug in drugstores Moscow, rub.	The cost of the drug in drugstores St. Petersburg, rub.	The cost of the drug in the regional pharmacies rubles.
Canon Metformin, 500 mg, 60 pcs.	135	141	147
Canon Metformin, 850 mg, 60 pcs.	177	238	193
Metformin Canon, 1000 mg, 60 pcs.	209	287	216
Prolong Akrikhin metformin 1000 mg, 60 pcs.	437	495	448
Metformin Richter, 850, 60 pcs.	294	303	266
Metformin-Teva, 1000 mg, 30 pcs.	196	201	149
Ozone metformin 1000 mg, 60 pcs.	199	216	185

Reviews of patients receiving various forms of Metformin drug, is generally positive. It marked not only the efficiency of target funds use - lowering blood sugar, but also positive side change, the main and most evident of which is the significant decrease in weight.

Metformin is often a source of negative sensations at the initial stage of treatment.

The instructions for use provided by the manifestation of minor side effects which disappear within a few days. It is noted that all side effects are described in the selection of different dosages of active ingredient or change of the manufacturer of the drug. This selection is carried out only by the attending physician, the controlling effect on the patient of a drug embodiment.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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