Chromophytosis in humans. Symptoms, treatment, photo on the head, face, body. Causes, effective drugs, ointments, tablets

On a human skin is home to thousands of microorganisms. Under normal conditions, their population is controlled, but the excessive reproduction of some species may lead to the development of dermatological diseases with unpleasant symptoms. One of them - pityriasis versicolor, also known as multi-colored.

The properties of the causative agent - yeast fungi Pityrosporum orbiculare

The disease develops due to the study of the skin of the colonies of microscopic yeasts, which belong to the lipophilic group. This means that they are similar in structure with organic substances, in this case - with fats.

Fungus-pathogen exists in three forms:

• Pityrosporum orbiculare - round type;
• Pityrosporum ovale - Oval type;
• Malassezia furfur - filamentous type, ie.. mushrooms have a branching form, resemble strands plexus.

The causative agent is often the first type, but the form can be transformed into each other, so the names are often substitutable.

Pitirosporum Orbikulyare fixed in the horny layer of the epidermis, where it forms a colony. Under the microscope, they look like a bunch, while an even larger increase - as dense grouped thread. Reproduction is performed with spores that appear in a large quantity, so bring Pitirosporum Orbikulyare solve, as other fungi.

Spreading over the upper layer of the skin, the agent interferes with the normal functioning of cells, including those that produce melanin. Because of its lack in some places, the skin does not change color when exposed to sunlight, that is not light. So there are discolored spots; skin looks mottled, uneven painted, because of what is called ringworm more colorful.

transmission path

This kind of lichen, like other fungal disease is transmitted by contact.

Possible transmission options:

1. From person to person close contact exposed skin. This may be a kiss, hug and t. D. To infection occurred, the contact must be prolonged: a slight touch of the patient will not bring harm.
2. everyday way - due to the common use of towels, soap, brushes and sponges for applying make-up, the bodyside clothes, etc... This is most likely in the hot season, when the sick person sweats a lot. The fungus in its epithelium develops faster and in greater numbers (along with sweat and sebum) remains on public matters.

Based on the transmission ways, we can say the following: in order to avoid infection, you need to avoid prolonged contact with the patient, do not use other people's personal hygiene, to monitor the purity of his own body, and wash thoroughly after going to the beach, swimming pool, solarium, and other similar places.

Causes of infection

Infection by contact does not always happen, but there are factors that increase the likelihood of disease. They can also serve as an impetus for the start of reproduction of fungi already present on the skin in small amounts, but previously did not show.

Chromophytosis in humans, the symptoms of which are discussed below, can go into active stage for a number of reasons:

• finding in a hot and / or humid climate;
• genetic predisposition;
• lack of vitamins and minerals in the diet;
• hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating);
• lowered immunity, including for receiving immunosuppressants;
• receiving hormonal agents, or violations in the endocrine system;
• oncology and medical treatment of it;
• excess weight;
• dermatological diseases (seborrheic dermatitis, and so forth.);
• the presence in the body of the human immunodeficiency virus;
• lasting cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases;
• pregnancy;
• diabetes;
• climate change, food, and time zones - in other words, travel;
• the use of allergenic or substandard products for skin care;
• fatigue, stress, lack of sleep.

Colorful lichen rarely affects young children and the elderly. Age group of risk starts with 10 years and ending 55 years.

The symptoms of tinea versicolor

The symptoms of tinea versicolor in humans:

• stains, different from the usual skin color: yellow, white, pink and others;
• lack of physical discomfort: itching, burning or pain;
• light dryness and flaking on the spots;
• spot size initially 0.5 cm in diameter, then they can grow to a few centimeters and merge with each other;
• the adult zoster manifests itself in the upper part of the body (back, shoulders, chest), more rarely - arms, legs and head, and the children scalp, on the contrary, often the localization zone spots.

Diagnostics

An experienced dermatologist immediately identify multi-colored deprive the symptoms, but the reliability of the additional research should be appointed. One of them - iodine sample Balzer, allows you to quickly calculate the presence of fungal activity. Spots are lubricated with 3-5% aqueous solution of iodine.

The upper layer of the skin in the affected areas loosened by a fungus, so the color of the areas changes more quickly than healthy skin, and the color is more intense. The spots are seen more than usual, and no doubt remains in the nature of the disease. If you are hypersensitive to iodine it is replaced by other aniline dyes, often brilliant green, at least - fukortsinom.

Sample Balzer - public method, so there is the temptation to do the diagnosis in terms of his apartment / house.

Doing this is not forbidden, harm will not be applied to health. But on examination, the expert will still have to take the test again, in addition, may require other tests. Study with more accurate results (up to 100%) - a microscopy sample the affected skin.

Health care professionals in the patient is taken scraping, after which the sample is viewed under such an increase, which allows you to see the thread and fungal spores. There is also a fluorescent diagnostics: the epidermis sample is transferred to a dark room and illuminated with ultraviolet rays Wood's lamp. If there is a chromophytosis, the spot light brown or orange tint.

Low probability, and the following procedures can be assigned:

1. PCR diagnostics (Polymerase chain reaction). The sample was subjected to complicated laboratory analysis, which consists of several steps: passing through the sorbent, lavage, drying, etc... Extracted from the cells of the DNA molecule, in order to understand whether there is among them a DNA pathogens.
2. RPR-test (Anticardiolipin test, from the word "cardiolipin" - a substance in the blood of patients with syphilis). The test eliminates the possibility of syphilis, tuberculosis, gout, destructive pneumonia, and so on.

Treatment of tinea versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor, a fungal disease being nature, eliminated by removing Pitirosporuma Orbikulyare of the stratum corneum, as well as the destruction of its argument. This is no easy task, but in the conditions of modern medicine developed specialized tools from yeasts. The earlier start of their application, the better, because the spread of the zone will be smaller.

During the course of treatment in order to improve its effectiveness, and the need to perform the following steps:

• to avoid contact of the affected skin with clothes made of synthetic fabrics;
• does not overload the body;
• Avoid prolonged stay in direct sunlight, which can cause burns;
• to regularly take a shower or a warm bath;
  
• often wash clothes, bed linen, ventilate or wash shoes.

As a complement to medical treatment, and after consultation with the doctor, you can turn to traditional medicines.

drugs group

Pityriasis versicolor humans, which symptoms presented above, treated with several groups of drugs:

1. Means for oral administration, including systemic medications.
2. Medicines for local use.

Overview of drugs for topical application

Dermatologists often prescribe drugs for topical application, as they act directly on the area with the patient's skin. This makes their effect more focused and effective.

Ointment "Mikozoral"

The active ingredient in the formulation is ketoconazole (2% concentration). Available in tubes of 15 g Tool aimed at destroying not only the colonies of yeasts, but also dermatophytes, dimorphic fungi, staphylococci and streptococci.

Full list of skin diseases, which is fighting the ointment:

• diseases whose causative agent is Pityrosporum - pityriasis versicolor, and seborrheic dermatitis;
• candidiasis (thrush) of the skin;
• tinea (ringworm) body skin smooth;
• fungus in large skin folds, including the athlete's hands, soles of the feet and groin.

Means should be applied to spots 1 per day and to give soak. Course duration of 14 to 21 days. Ingestion is strictly prohibited. In case of accidental penetration requires immediate gastric lavage and treatment in the hospital. Cases of overdose when used correctly has not been found.

Possible side effects:

• itching and burning;
• red rash;
• contact dermatitis - is very rare.

Among Hypersensitivity and wounds in areas of application. The ointment is allowed to pregnant women, breastfeeding and children. Store in refrigerator for up to 3 years from date of manufacture.

Shampoo "Mikozoral"

The principle of action, indications and contraindications of the same name similar to the ointment, because they released the same manufacturer. The difference in storage rules (in place with low humidity at temperatures up 25⁰S), and expiry (2 years).

Available in bottles of 20 or 60 mg. Advantage unlike ointment that can be applied as a shampoo to exposed skin (like a shower gel), and on the scalp. Applied daily for 5 days or 1 week. - depending on the result.

Shampoo can be used as a prophylactic agent, if the fungus has already been transferred before. In this case, you need to apply it once a day 3-5 days, preferably at the end of the spring, it is because this time of year a person sweats the most, and therefore there is a risk of development of pathogenic micro-organisms.

Cream "Nizoral"

Belgian antifungal medicament, manufactured in tubes of 15 g. It belongs to a class of azole antifungals. According to properties it is almost indistinguishable from the ointment "Mikozoral 'even concentration of active substance they have the same (2%).

The cream stored at room temperature (15 to 30⁰S) and its shelf life is 3 g

Means applied to the spots and areas around them every day for at least 14 days and not more than 21. The possibility of overdose due to too frequent application of the cream in a large amount. This gives rise to edema, erythema (redness separate sections) and burning. They disappear after cessation of treatment.

"Nizoral" went through a statistical study in which 19 children and a few adults took part. It was found that the active substance does not penetrate into adult blood by acting only on the skin. In the case of children ketoconazole yet been detected in the analysis, but within acceptable amounts.

The cream is not prohibited under harboring child and breastfeedingBut appointed after consultation with a specialist, where the benefits to the pregnant woman more of a risk for the child. Impaired coordination and reaction among side effects have been reported, so manufacturers abandoned the studies relating to the vehicle control during treatment.

Cream and ointment "Triderm"

It is fundamentally different from previous funds, because at the heart of "triderm" is not ketoconazole and betamethasone dipropionate with gentamicin sulphate and clotrimazole.

Also, it is composed of auxiliaries:

• propylene glycol;
• Vaseline;
• cetostearyl alcohol;
• liquid paraffin and others.

Such a composition provides not only a means of disinfecting and anti-fungal, but also anti-inflammatory properties. For this reason, it is prescribed in the later stages of the disease.

Both forms are used only externally: they are applied a thin layer on the infected skin and the area near it twice a day (recommended at bedtime and morning after water treatment). The maximum duration of the course - 1 month. If after 20 days there are no signs of improvement, you should stop using and go to the clinic to check the diagnosis.

Contraindications:

• allergic manifestations when consuming components components;
• lupus;
• cutaneous manifestations of syphilis;
• chickenpox;
• herpes;
• Skin reactions after vaccination;
• deep wounds and unhealed scratches;
• Children under 2 years old.

Women who carry a fetus, it is recommended to use with caution.

Spray "Fungoterbin"

One of the few antifungal drugs in the form of spray on the basis of the active substance terbinafine (concentration 1%). Vial contains 30 ml.

Mode of application: cleaned of contaminants desired area of ​​skin, wet towel, and to wait for complete drying and then sprayed spray. The surface of the skin should be noticeably wet. Apply the product can be 1-2 times a knock during 7 days. The advantage is that the drug can be sprayed on the scalp.

Restrictions on:

• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• problems with metabolism;
• tumors;
• blood diseases;
• alcoholism.

It is forbidden to use it if the patient has not reached 2 years.

Review of systemic medications against tinea versicolor

Chromophytosis in humans, the symptoms of which are concentrated on the surface of the skin and can be treated by oral administration of drugs.

"Mikozoral» Tablets

Are produced in multiples of 30 pieces, of 200 mg each. Stored 2 years at a temperature of no more than 25⁰C.

Advantages in comparison with the same by means of external application:

1. Wider list of areas of exposure. Tablets cope not only with the skin fungal diseases, but with dandruff and infections of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the yeast-like fungi.
2. The tool can be used in cases where the cause ointment or shampoo can not be due to physical injuries: wounds, scratches, etc...
3. Only one contraindication - idiosyncrasy.

Less tablets is a long list of possible side effects:

1. Heartburn and nausea.
2. Diarrhea and abdominal pain.
3. Headache and dizziness.
4. Nervousness and insomnia.
5. Rash, hives, and other allergic symptoms.
6. Violation of the menstrual cycle in women.
7. Decreased sexual activity.
8. Very rare: toxic hepatitis; increase in the activity of enzymes produced by the liver.

The average treatment with pityriasis versicolor is 10 days, though daily dose depends on the age and weight of the patient.

patient parameters	daily dose
Adults and children weighing 30 kg	1 tablet. In the absence of visible improvements allowed the dose to increase 2 units.
Children weighing 15 to 30 kg	0.5 tablets (100 mg)
Immunocompromised Adults	2 tablets (400 mg)
Children with immunodeficiency	It is calculated by the formula X 6 mg body weight. The total dose should not exceed 2 tablets.

The treatment may be extended for a few days.

"Fluconazole"

Medsredstvo antifungal for oral administration in its action, indications and contraindications like "Mikozoral" pills, but here the active substance is flukonatsol. It is produced in the form of gelatinous capsules of 50 or 150 mg.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to pharmaceuticals;
• concomitant use of terfenadine, cisapride, astemizole;
• lactation;
• Children under 4 years of age.

To use caution remedy for liver and kidney failure, as well as during pregnancy.

For the drug has 2 regimens:

1. 1 capsule (50 mg) daily for 2-3 weeks.
2. 2 pcs. (150 mg), 1 time per week. Repeat 3-4 times.

Folk treatment of tinea versicolor recipes

If herpes at an early stage, can help independently manufactured folk remedies.

Flower tincture:

1. 100 grams of dried flowers of lilac and the same dry flower acacia pour a glass of vodka.
2. Insist in a dark room 10 days.
3. Strain through a sieve.
4. Apply to the stain to 4 times a day until the symptoms pass.

Onion poultice:

1. Onions (1-3 pieces. depending on the size and distribution of the bulb area lichen) milled on a grater or a meat grinder.
2. The resulting mass lay on the gauze and carefully squeeze the juice.
3. The remaining pulp is applied to the skin at night.
4. In the morning remove the wrap and take a shower.

Treatment of raisins:

1. A bowl of raisins rinse under running water. It is advisable to take a variety of seedless t. E. Dried raisins.
2. Pour boiling water and left for a few minutes, then drained.
   
3. Grind the resulting raisins and weight rub sore spots.

Therapy ash:

1. newsprint sheet put into a glass bowl and burn.
2. The remaining ashes sprinkled the affected skin.
3. We perform the procedure 10 days in a row.

Another simple home treatment that even doctors recommend - is iodine mesh. Apply it with a cotton swab can be collapsed all or just a piece of cotton.

Herbal tea in case the house has a lot of dry plants:

1. Stir for 1 hr. l. Powder St. John's wort, yarrow, plantain, horsetail, nettles and juniper.
2. Add ½ of hours. l. sage, rosemary and sage.
3. To stir thoroughly.
4. Every day brewing 1.5 hours. l. herbal cup of boiling water and drink at any time, regardless of the meal.

What can be done with pityriasis versicolor

Chromophytosis in humans, the symptoms of which have been described earlier in this article, imposes some limitations of the patient.

What not to do:

1. Use means irritating to the skin: scrubs, shower gels, capable of causing an allergic reaction, etc...
2. Ignore the rules of hygiene.
3. Take too cold or too hot shower / bath.
4. Long sunbathing.
5. Making wraps.
6. Prefer a synthetic clothing.
7. There are hot spices, pickles, pickles, too much fatty food.
8. Alcohol and energy drinks.

Chromophytosis transferred person is easy enough, and the symptoms affect more on the aesthetic component life. Treatment also is not difficult, especially since most of the funds from the illness without a prescription, although consultation the doctor always will benefit, because only in the hospital an accurate diagnosis and will provide additional recommendations.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of pityriasis versicolor in humans

Chromophytosis a person - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment: