The norm in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate of the child. Increased, decreased by Westergren, Panchenkova. Which means a high level of monocytes, leukocytes

The composition of the blood changes in various pathologies. ESR deviation from the norm is a sign of the disease, for the treatment requires further diagnosis. The child rate varies depending on the age at 14 years of age setting is stable.

What is the ESR analysis and why it is performed

The basis of the blood are red blood cells and plasma. ESR is erythrocyte sedimentation rate. For analysis of the blood was placed in a vessel with a diameter of 1 mm. To avoid collapse occurred, it added a special reagent.

Red blood cells begin to agglomerate together and settle to the bottom of the tube, and the top is plasma. If the body's inflammatory process occurs, there is a lack of hemoglobin or other disease, it affects the settling rate of red cells. An hour later, a laboratory measured the height of the plasma in vitro. It is an indicator of ESR.

This indicator is not exactly indicate which disease is present, but diagnoses the presence of a pathological process in the body. ESR is a sensitive parameter and shows the available changes, even when the disease is only beginning to develop or no symptoms.

When the pediatrician appoint analysis:

• to detect inflammation;
• for suspected appendicitis;
• tracking the dynamics of treatment of the disease;
• to determine the overall state of the organism at routine inspections;
• in autoimmune diseases and cancer;
• pathologies of the heart;
• headaches without other symptoms;
• malfunction of the digestive tract;
• sudden weight loss and poor general condition of the child.

When ESR apparent deviation from the norm, a pediatrician appoint a further examination of the child, for the detection of the disease. After the elimination of the disease index of yourself getting back to normal.

Norma ESR in children of different ages: the table

ESR parameter depends on the age of the child. In newborns, the value is the minimum, because the body only develops and learns to function independently. As they get older ESR value increases and expands the range of deviations.

Small deviations from the norm are not indicative of disease and may occur due to stress, poor nutrition, or a malfunction of the body. Increasing the number of ESR to 15-20 is a serious disease in the body and requires immediate diagnosis of the disease.

Table index ESR by age:

age setting	ESR index rules (mm / hour)
Male gender	Female
0-5 days	1- 2,8
6-14 days	1,8-4
15-30 days	2,6-6
2-6 months	4,5-7
7-12 months	3,5-9,5
1-3 years	5-10
4-12 years	4,5-12
12-16 years	4,1-12	5-12,8
16 years and older	1,5-10	2,5-15

In girls, the figures may vary slightly with the onset of menstruation.

Methods of conducting blood tests on ESR

The norm in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate of the child is determined by taking blood from a finger or a vein. Capillary analysis is assigned more often as his fence to carry a child much easier than from the small veins. When more accurate indicator of ESR, the pediatrician assigned Deposit of analysis from a vein.

capillary blood

According Panchenkova to determine the ESR of a child is blood sampling from the finger. Further, the required amount of blood is mixed in a ratio of 1: 4 with an anticoagulant to collapse has not occurred.

The treated blood was placed in a flask with a division of 100 mm and left to stand for an hour.

During this time, the erythrocyte sedimentation down the bulb remains on the surface of the plasma. The height of the plasma will ESR value.

Deoxygenated blood

The norm in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate in a child more accurately determined by Westergren. To analyze blood taken from the child's veins. Further it must also be mixed with an anticoagulant (in the 1: 4).

In this method, the mixing takes place immediately in the tube, which has a scale of 200 mm. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is measured after 60 minutes. Due to mixing blood with the solution in a test tube, its intake from the vein and the other using the scale, the result of more detailed analysis.

Preparation and analysis

Without pretreatment analysis may have errors. A child should not eat food for the 4-D hours before the procedure. You can not engage in physical activity. If the child passes a massage or physiotherapy, they are canceled.

When receiving the drugs, you should consult your pediatrician about the need to skip taking the drug in the blood donation day. The most important step is the preparation of the child's emotional. Excessive fear and anxiety can distort the accuracy of the result.

analysis

To determine the ESR laboratory assistant takes blood from a finger or a vein in children under 1 month of analysis is taken from the heel. To capillary blood flowed out well, the finger / heel recommended to preheat grindings.

The procedure for drawing blood from a finger or heel of the child:

1. Alcoholic solution is treated taking place analysis.
2. Laboratory makes a puncture on the finger / heel and eliminates alcohol wipe the first drop of blood.
   
3. Into a glass flask made fence material. Parents need at this time to distract the child (pictures, stories, show birds in the window).
4. After the procedure toe / heel is treated again with an alcohol swab, which is removed after the bleeding stops.

If the capture of the analysis of a child's blood flows poorly, can not be too put pressure on the toe / heel. To improve blood flow necessary to arm / leg child 0.5-1 min drop down.

The procedure for drawing blood from a vein in the child:

1. Before taking the analysis at hand is applied a tourniquet. If a child is very frightened, then the parent can grasp the hand of the child, above the elbow, thumb and forefinger.
2. Before the fence made the veins treatment with an alcohol swab.
3. Next is a puncture needle from the syringe. The tow is removed or attenuated clamp fingers, and blood flows by gravity into a flask for collecting analysis.
4. By the end of the fence to keep the child's hand in a bent position for at least 5 minutes. Otherwise, the puncture site bruise there, and the blood will stay longer.

Further a laboratory is determined by ESR or Panchenkova Westergren.

If blood surrenders to track changes in the dynamics of sedimentation rate, it is recommended to be tested in the first laboratory.

How to wait for results?

Indicators of blood ESR are known through for 1.5 hours. In this case, the laboratory can not express the readiness to speed up the results. Issuance assays after 5-five hours after delivery. Since part of the additional amount of iron is checked, the blood sugar in a child, it is recommended to get the analysis the next day.

Factors influencing the ESR value of the child

ESR value is sensitive to the slightest changes in the body of the child. Therefore, the presence of specified factors affecting the rate at fault, pediatrician.

The value of the ESR is affected by:

• weight above normal;
• catarrhal diseases ESR after bouncing back through 1- 1.5 months;
• taking medication;
• increased physical load before analysis turn;
• diet, vegetarian diet or an unbalanced diet;
• eating food before delivery of the analysis;
• exhaustion, lack of vitamins;
• the presence of parasites;
• severe stress analysis before delivery or at the time of blood sampling;
• at what time was the blood sampling. In the morning hours the ESR parameter most accurate;
• sex and age of the child;
• unprofessional research assistant conducting the blood sample or to carry out certain values.

In the presence of non-pathological factor affecting the rate ESR analysis retake recommended. If you suspect a lack of professionalism of the laboratory staff, it is necessary to change the clinic. If an increase or decrease in ESR confirmed when re-depositing analysis pediatrician assigned further diagnostics to determine the disease.

Why ESR is below normal

Decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate is an important symptom of serious abnormalities in the body. When ESR decline in the pediatrician should confirm or exclude the disease, which is characterized by this symptom.

The reasons for lowering the ESR:

1. Side effects from the medication (aspirin, calcium chloride, hormones). In this case, a pediatrician should pick up an analog product for replacement.
2. Intoxication. It can be caused by: poisoning; impaired liver operation.
3. Dehydration, which can occur for the following reasons: poisoning, accompanied by severe vomiting and loose stool; lack of drinking; diabetes; renal function.
4. Refusal of animal protein, vegetarian menu.
5. Heart disease.
6. Abnormalities in the bone marrow associated with the production of hemoglobin.
7. Violation of the structure of red blood cells (part of red blood cells): sickle-cell anemia. Disturbance in the structure of hemoglobin; acidosis. Accompanied by increased acidity of the blood; spherocytosis. Red blood cells do not have a flat shape, and sphere-like, which slows down the process of sedimentation. In addition, the child complains of shortage of air, nervousness, marked yellowing of the skin; polycythemia. A strong increase in the number of red blood cells; Anisocytosis. Changing the size of red blood cells. In addition, accompanied by shortness of breath, frequent palpitations and rapid fatigue.
   
8. A sudden and sharp decrease in weight. Reduced ESR causes oxygen starvation of organs and tissues. This affects the overall development of the child and the brain.

Non-hazardous causes increased ESR

The norm in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a child may not be increased by pathological factors. To restore normal levels of intake of medicines is not required.

Non-hazardous causes increased ESR:

• large amount of fatty foods;
• fear and stress when taking the analysis;
• appearance of milk teeth;
• side effects of drugs and paracetamol, to which it is included;
• vitamin A;
• temporary lack of vitamins;
• increased weight;
• vaccination against hepatitis B;
• the postoperative period;
• allergic reaction;
• injury or bruising to obtain small open wounds;
• increased rate ESR, which is a feature of the body, rather than a symptom of the disease.

Repeated delivery of blood to the ESR, after the cause shall be held not earlier than 15 days.

If the index is high, it is necessary to complete a survey to determine the cause.

Pathological causes of increased ESR

For the child, it is dangerous pathological causes increased ESR. In this case, the symptom will be held only after medical treatment. Restoration of the blood can take up to 3 months.

Pathological causes:

• infectious diseases (SARS, influenza, sinusitis);
  
• pathology of endocrine system (diabetes, pancreatitis);
• inflammatory processes in the digestive tract;
• parasitic diseases;
• Low iron levels;
• high cholesterol;
• pathologies with impaired hematopoiesis in the formation of erythrocytes;
• deep wounds and burns;
• tuberculosis;
• appendicitis;
• tumors and cancerous growths;
• poisoning by heavy metals (arsenic, lead). In this case, the metal can accumulate in the body for several months and was initially no symptoms, only an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
• the effect of taking medication (vitamin B, morphine, dextran);
• heart diseases.

Pediatrician, the data obtained may predefine the type of pathology. Since, together with the ESR change the number of platelets, leukocytes, and other indicators. But for a precise definition of the disease need to complete diagnosis.

False results of the analysis on ESR

Sometimes ESR figures may not be accurate. If a child feels good, and the analysis shows a high or low results, it is necessary to retake the analysis and preferably in another laboratory. The reason for the wrong indicator ESR may be due to violations committed by a laboratory or the patient's condition.

Causes of false positives due to the patient:

• mother fed the baby before delivery of the analysis;
• eating fatty foods in the evening before delivery of the analysis;
• medications (and it was not warned pediatrician);
• an allergic reaction to dust and pollen in the spring;
• unpreparedness of the child to the procedure.

In the presence of these causes need to retake re-analysis after 10-15 days. To ESR for this time returned to normal.

The causes of false results due to the laboratory:

• wrong blood sampling. Strong pressure on the finger or taking analysis in a lying patient. In these cases, changing the concentration of red blood cells;
• incorrect reagent preparation for analysis;
• the use of unprepared equipment;
• blood lay in the refrigerator for more than 2 hours;
• confused analyzes.

When parents are confident in a laboratory error, it is necessary to change the clinic and retake the tests, it is possible the next day.

If a child has experienced a lot of stress during the procedure, you will need to wait time (if possible), to prepare the child and then retake the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

ESR recovery techniques in children

The norm in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate in a child recovers from the elimination of the reasons that caused the symptom. If this is not a pathological cause (teething, the child's lack of preparation for analysis, a laboratory error), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate will return to normal on their own. To control blood test can be taken again after 10-15 days.

In pathological factor pediatrician assigned additional tests:

1. Blood chemistry;
2. Research on reactive protein;
3. Analysis of blood sugar and hormones;
4. Analysis of urine;
5. Ultrasound of the digestive tract;
   
6. Cal yaytseglist;
7. ECG;
8. X-rays of light.

These procedures make it possible to pinpoint the cause of changes in the ESR index. After carrying out their pediatrician may prescribe treatment. Control indicator is made after 14 days. ESR fully recovers, but must observe the process in the direction of recovery. If there is no change, then therapy is chosen incorrectly.

Restoring ESR possible after elimination of pathology, depending on its nature can be assigned to: antiviral, antibiotics, antihistamines. Independent preparations for increasing or decreasing the ESR is not, as this indicator is a symptom, not an independent disease.

Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Drugs and folk remedies

Causes of low ESR index discussed above, to increase the dose of medication is required indicator (if heart disease, liver or diabetes).

During treatment it is necessary to increase the number of menu of meat and fish dishes, iron products.

Additionally, you need to increase fluid intake. In folk medicine it is recommended to use: a decoction of rose hips, chamomile, raspberry juice. In the complex you need to take vitamin supplements. More time to spend with your child outdoors.

Decrease in ESR. Medicines and traditional recipes

At an increased rate ESR needed medicines to eliminate diseases, which is characterized by this symptom:

1. With infectious diseases assigned: antivirals (anaferon, viferon, arbidol); antibiotics (sumamed, amoxiclav, Azitroks); for removing heat (tsefekon, ibuprofen, panadol).
   
2. allergies appointed (suprastin, zodak, Claritin).
3. In pathologies of the digestive tract appointed improving digestion enzymes (Festalum, pancreatin, Creon) and analgesics (paracetamol, no-spa, drotaverine).
4. In order to eliminate parasites (Pyrantel, levamisole).
5. To improve iron (Totem Maltofer, Ferrum Lek).

Independent selection of funds is prohibited, since it is necessary to identify the disease. To this end, the pediatrician should conduct a comprehensive diagnosis. Optionally, use folk remedies help eliminate disease characteristic parameter increased ESR.

Featured Recipes:

• decoctions, reduces inflammation. Camomile tea, mother and stepmother (sold in pharmacies). Babies drinking per day is sufficient for 100 mL;
• before going to bed to give tea or milk with honey, lemon;
• Fresh juice from beets, 50 ml per day.

In this case, the menu should be enriched with fresh and dried fruit, to replenish the vitamin supply. Greater stay (no temperature) in the fresh air will accelerate the recovery process.

ESR parameter in the blood indicates the slightest changes in the body, even when the disease only develops or no symptoms. The deviation from the norm, the child requires a complete examination to determine the cause and prescribing.

Author of the article: Svetlana Kotlyachkova

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the normal ESR in the child's blood

Norma ESR that it evidenced the variations: