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Infectious Diseases

Streptococcus: disease, treatment, tests

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The name of streptococci obtained from the Greek words "chain" and the "bead" because under the microscope, they look like balls or ovoids and resemble beads, strung on a thread.

Streptococcus relates to conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and gram-positive bacterium is present in the human body. For the time being microbe behaves "about", but should weaken immunity as streptococcus is activated and becomes a source of various diseases.

Kinds

There are about 40 species of streptococci. Depending on the presence in their structure of one or another of these microbial polysaccharides were divided into groups A to V.

Pathogenic streptococci, the most dangerous to humans, are those that are included in the group A. In turn, the group A streptococci are divided into 3 groups based on their ability to break down red blood cells:

  • alpha viridans streptococci;
  • beta-hemolytic streptococci;
  • gamma streptococci.

Streptococci group A beta-hemolytic subgroup called pyogenic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes). It is they who are guilty in the development of many diseases:

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  • mug, streptoderma;
  • scarlet fever, sore throat;
  • periodontitis;
  • pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia.
  • abscess, sepsis;
  • endocarditis;
  • lymphadenitis;
  • meningitis;
  • osteomyelitis;
  • lesions of the urogenital system.

Causes

The source of infection is a sick person or carrier of streptococcus (much less common). Infection occurs in several ways:

  • contact-household (microbe penetration through the damaged skin in close communication with the sick person or through an infected household items: dishes, toys, bedding, etc.);
  • droplets (particles with saliva and mucus through coughing, sneezing, crying);
  • vertical (infection of the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth);
  • sex (unprotected sex, failure to comply with personal hygiene).

Furthermore, the risk of streptococcus infection dramatically increases for weakening the body's defenses (hypothermia, chronic disease, HIV infection, and so on. D.).

Diagnostics

It should be a differential diagnosis of streptococcal infection, to distinguish

  • Strep throat from diphtheria and infection mononucleosis,
  • scarlet fever from rubella and measles,
  • erysipelas from dermatitis and eczema.

Diagnosis of disease caused by streptococcus, is set based on characteristic clinical picture.

Also, to clarify the nature and severity of the infection and to avoid complications are appointed:

  • general analyzes Blood and urine tests;
  • electrocardiography;
  • radiography;
  • Ultrasound of the internal organs;
  • other additional methods of examination.

It is shown holding bacteriology:

  • sputum;
  • swabbing the tonsils, the affected skin.

streptococcus treatment

Treatment of streptococcus involved in the doctor whose profile corresponds to a form of the disease. For example, the treats face dermatologist, abscesses, osteomyelitis, cellulitis, and - a surgeon, cystitis oversees the urologist, and so on.

Causal treatment (removal of the cause of the disease) is to appoint penicillin antibiotics:

  • ampicillin;
  • oxacillin;
  • benzilpentsillin;
  • amoxicillin;
  • bicillin 5;
  • and others.

This is the only antibiotic to which the streptococci are not able to acquire resistance.

Depending on the severity of the disease and forms the antibiotics are administered orally or intramuscularly 4 times per day, the duration of the course of 5-10 days.

In case of allergy to penicillin appointed macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, oleandomycin).

For the purpose of detoxification shown abundant drink up to three liters per day. Concurrently assigned ascorbic acid to reinforce vessel walls. Symptomatic medications to reduce fever (paracetamol, aspirin) taken no more than three days.

When streptococcal infections are assigned in the oropharynx and throat mouthwash solution furatsillina (hygienic but not for therapeutic purposes).

Consequences and outlook

The consequences of streptococcal infections are caused by absorption of endotoxin, which is released at the death of the bacteria. This provokes allergic reactions and leads to the development of such severe and chronic diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, rheumatism and collagen.

Development of streptococcal infection depends on the type and severity of the disease. With the defeat of the internal organs prognosis for life relatively favorable.

The symptoms of streptococcal infections

Common forms:

1. Scarlet fever

The disease begins abruptly with a temperature rise to high numbers and expressed intoxication (weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, headache, pain in the throat when swallowing). After a few hours (about 6-12) rash appears. First, it is noticeable on the hands, feet and the upper body, and then distributed throughout the body (2-3 days of disease). Rash fades in the second week.

2. angina (quinsy)

Of acute tonsillitis say when inflamed tonsils. Streptococcus, extending into the amygdala causes them inflammation, the character of which can be different (catarrhal, follicular, lacunar, Necrotic angina).

If the barrier function of the tissues that surround the amygdala, decreased, they are also involved in the inflammatory process, resulting in an paratonzillit (peritonsillar abscess - an acute inflammation of the soft tissues tonsils).

The incubation period ranges from several hours to 2-5 days. The disease begins sharply and suddenly. There is a fever, severe weakness, headache, felt the impossibility of swallowing, a feeling of aching joints.

In severe chills sore throat lasts for several days. Headaches are a dull character and hold for 2-3 days. Sense of aches in the joints, pulling back pain persists for 1-2 days. Sore throat weakly expressed first, and then amplified peaked on the second day.

Angina is characterized by the absence of a rash of scarlet fever.

When viewed from tonsils noted a significant increase in their presence and purulent yellow-white or whitish plaque bubbles (follicles).

3. Erysipelas

Erysipelas is acute and usually heavy. It has been a significant rise in temperature (39-40 ° C), severe headache, severe weakness, chills, pain in the muscles. Against the background of intoxication consciousness becomes confused, the patient begins to rave.

A characteristic feature of erysipelas - a local inflammation of the skin. Place inflammation rises above the level of healthy skin, characterized by a bright red color, high temperatures and sharp edges. In case of severe disease in the exposed area and bubbles appear hemorrhage.

4. Osteomyelitis

bone marrow inflammation, which penetrates into all layers of the bone called osteomyelitis. Develops purulent inflammation, causing necrotic bone marrow, and on this point there is an abscess, which tends to break out.

5. Sepsis

People with a sharp decrease in the protective forces of the organism may develop sepsis. Of primary focus streptococcus it enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body (septicemia). At the same time in different parts of the formation of new foci of infection - abscesses in the lungs, liver, kidneys, brain and other (pyosepticemia).

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