Disease
Disease
Disease
Heart And Blood Vessels

The main thing about myocarditis: symptoms, treatment, tests

click fraud protection

Scientific editor: Strokina OA, therapist, doctor of functional diagnostics. Practical experience since 2015.
October, 2018.


Myocarditis - an inflammation of the heart muscle caused by infectious, toxic or allergic effects and accompanied by cardiac dysfunction.

The prevalence of myocarditis today grossly underestimated. And often this is due to the absence of any clinical symptoms. Every year the detectability of disease increases, which is likely due to the introduction of a high diagnostic methods.

myocarditis frequency varies from 20 to 30% of all heart disease, non-coronary vessels. Men myocarditis occurs more frequently than women.

Causes

  • Viruses (Coxsackie, ECHO, adenoviruses, Influenza virus, herpes, CMV, Hepatitis B and C, Rubella, arboviruses, HIV, enteroviruses) - more than 50% of cases;
  • bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci , Borrelia, Corynebacterium diphtheria, salmonella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, chlamydia, Legionella, Rickettsia);
  • Protozoa (trypanosomes, Toxoplasma);
  • Parasites (Echinococcus, Trichinella);
  • insta story viewer
  • Fungi (Candida, Aspergillus, koktsidioidomitsety, Histoplasma capsulatums);
  • Non-infectious, autoimmune diseases (collagen disease, vasculitis);
  • Toxic substances (anthracyclines, catecholamines, cocaine, acetaminophen, lithium);
  • Radioactive radiation;
  • Allergy (including dosage - to penicillin, ampicillin, hydrochlorothiazide, methyldopa, sulfonamides).

manifestations of myocarditis

Manifestations of myocarditis depends on the extent and location of the lesion. Even a small center can lead to severe symptoms. However, there are also asymptomatic forms.

Typically, when the main symptoms predominate myocarditis infectious disease, often with fever, sometimes - general intoxication and other features.

Moreover, since the affected muscle tissue of the heart, that in certain forms of myocarditis in varying degrees are present symptoms of heart failureWhich are expressed in the appearance of the following symptoms:

  • sharp pain in the heart,
  • fatigue,
  • palpitations,
  • arrhythmia,
  • episodes of low blood pressure.
  • the main manifestation of heart failure is dyspnea on exertion different, and neglected cases with and at rest.

Diagnostics

  • General blood analysis (increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a sign of inflammation)
  • Blood chemistry: CRP (C-reactive protein) - the same sign of inflammation, BNP (sodium uretichesky peptide) - proves the existence of heart failure, troponins (myocardial necrosis markers);
  • Analysis for antibodies to the myocardium cells (positive for an autoimmune nature of the disease);
  • ECG (heart load signs, various blockade of impulse conduction, arrhythmias);
  • Cardiac ultrasound (various changes in the structure and function of the heart);
  • X-ray examination (increase in heart size, the fluid in the pleural cavity, blood stasis in vessels of the lungs),
  • MRI of the heart,
  • Coronary angiography (except for coronary nature of the disease)
  • Endomyocardial biopsy if indicated (taking a piece of heart tissue for histological examination - allows you to discover the cause of the disease).

myocarditis diagnosis can be assumed in the event of heart failure, which developed a few weeks after a viral infection, particularly in young patients (under 40 years).

In the current situation the definitive diagnosis is possible only when it is a rheumatic nature. In all other cases, the diagnosis of many conditions and is determined only by the qualifications and experience of the physician, even using the whole spectrum of modern instrumental and laboratory studies.

treatment of myocarditis

When the diagnosis of acute myocarditis is recommended to limit physical activity. Required hospitalization. Mode, as a rule, bed, and if severe - strict bed rest for 2-3 weeks. In identifying the appropriate treatment causes carried out, for example antibacterial, antiviral therapy.

In some cases it may be effective immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine, tacrolimus, prednisolone).

Quite common symptomatic therapy due to the difficulty to identify the real cause of myocarditis. It is aimed at reducing the manifestations of heart failure and is performed in accordance with clinical guidelines for its treatment.

In cases with a marked reduction in heart rate set a temporary pacemaker.

In certain cases, treatment becomes one heart transplantation, but only after decrease of the acute phase of the disease.

Myocarditis can heal themselves (in mild) or become chronic heart failure. In some patients, symptoms of myocarditis can be expressed in the form of long-term persistent violations myocardial function and blockade of left bundle branch block, palpitations, reduced physical endurance.

Complications of myocarditis: sudden cardiac death, life-threatening arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock.

Forecast

The prognosis of acute myocarditis lung flow is favorable, its symptoms often go away without treatment.

In severe full recovery is less common, myocarditis usually takes a chronic course.

Sometimes myocarditis leads to death, which may occur suddenly or after constantly deteriorating elastase derived.


sources:

  • National clinical guidelines. myocarditis. - 2016.
  • Share
Laryngitis: Causes, symptoms, prevention
DiseaseDiseaseDiseaseLungs And Bronchi

Laryngitis: Causes, symptoms, prevention

Laryngitis - is an acute or chronic inflammation of the larynx. Laryngitis is an infectious, allergic, physical or mixed origin. It occurs at any a...

Pulpitis: symptoms, causes, treatment
DiseaseDiseaseDisease

Pulpitis: symptoms, causes, treatment

Pulpitis called inflammation in the area of ​​the neurovascular bundle of the tooth.Pulpitis is often a complication of untreated deep caries or im...

Astigmatism: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
DiseaseDiseaseDiseaseEye, Vision

Astigmatism: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Astigmatism - is a pathology of view, the resulting infringement of the lens structure (less cornea), the deformation of its shape, consisting in D...