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Angioedema: symptoms, first aid, treatment

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The author - Chuklin Olga, general practitioner, internist. Work experience since 2003.


Angioedema or angioedema - allergic disease etiology, manifested by severe swelling of the mucous membranes and the subcutaneous fat. Angioedema often appears on the face and neck, in her arms, in rare cases, can be swelling of internal organs.

Angioedema occurs more frequently in persons with allergic diseases. Angioedema often appears in childhood, as well as in women.

Causes

Angioedema may be allergic and pseudoallergic.

Allergic angioedema appears upon contact with allergen. For the development of an allergic reaction organism should already be sensitized - meeting with the allergen have been, and developed antibodies in the body. Repeated allergen enters this at the contact point caused by inflammation: appears dilation of small blood vessels, increased permeability and thus tissue swelling occurs.

Allergens can be:

  • Foods (citrus, chocolate, eggs, fish products, a variety of berries).
  • Medications. Most often a reaction to antibiotics, painkillers, vaccines. The reaction may be up to
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    anaphylactic shock, Especially if the drug is administered by injection. Rarely cause anaphylaxis vitamins, oral contraceptives.
  • Pollen.
  • Bites of various insects.
  • Wool and animal wastes.
  • Cosmetics.

Pseudo-edema is an inherited disease that occurs in patients with pathology of the complement system. This system is responsible for the launch of an allergic reaction. Normally, the reaction will only start when the allergen enters the body. And with pathology of the complement system inflammation and activation occurs by thermal or chemical action, in response to stress.

Sometimes to identify the exact cause of angioedema is not possible, then we talk about the development of idiopathic edema.

The following conditions may predispose to the development of angioedema:

  • hypothyroidism;
  • chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • autoimmune diseases;
  • helminth infections.

As these diseases contribute to the development of relapsing.

Symptoms of angioedema

The disease is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms. Increasing clinical manifestations observed in a few minutes.

There is swelling in the mucous membranes and the subcutaneous fat. More often than not appear edema of the eyelids, lips, cheeks, tongue, scrotum. The patient feels the tension of tissues and a slight burning sensation.

In the propagation of edema on the vocal cords, larynx, the patient has a hoarseness, breathing becomes noisy, coughing, "barking". The patient complains of the fact that it would be hard to breathe. Laryngeal edema can lead to acute respiratory failure, if time does not provide medical care.

With the development of edema of visceral pain may occur in the stomach, the swelling occurred if, for example, the intestinal mucosa.

All manifestations of angioedema are themselves in a few hours or a few days.

When the swelling of the face, on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity is an urgent need to provide the patient first aid and call an ambulance. This is necessary to prevent the development of acute respiratory failure and progression of allergic reaction.

First aid

After the appearance of signs of angioedema urgent need to call an ambulance.

Even if the patient seems to be that the symptoms are mild, you still need to see a doctor.

Among the activities first aid angioedema include:

  • elimination of allergen exposure;
  • cold on edema region;
  • to remove the allergen from the body to give the patient activated charcoal or polisorb;
  • give sublingual any antihistamine (suprastin, Zyrtec, zodak, fenistil, klarotadin);
  • mucosal edema of the nasal cavity, drip vasoconstrictive drops (Naphthyzinum, rinonorm).

Upon arrival, the ambulance crew to the patient will be administered hormones - prednisolone or dexamethasone. Drugs are administered by injection.

Also Suprastinum administered by injection as antihistamine.

After first aid patient hospitalized in allergy department.

angioneurotic edema treatment

Angioneurotic edema treatment is conducted in allergological compartment.

The first step is to establish what the patient has developed such a reaction.

At the time of treatment is appointed hypoallergenic dietWith the exception of citrus fruits, chocolate, honey, berries.

Patients were administered antihistamines - Zyrtec, fenistil, tsetrin, loratadine, suprastin. Usually the course of reception 7-10 days.

For a short time appointed hormones - prednisolone, dexamethasone.

For removing the allergen from the body appointed polisorb, enterosgel, for 3 days.

Appointed by means of reducing vascular permeability - askorutin.

To normalize the activity of the nervous system are assigned ascorbic acid, calcium.

Nonallergic angioedema treated with special preparations that are assigned strictly doctor.

Effects

If first aid and treatment are rendered on time and fully, the consequences for the organism is not. At untimely helping may develop a severe allergic reaction of the body - anaphylactic shock. The consequences of shock - until his death.

Subject to the prevention of recurrence of the process there were no adverse effects.

To establish the allergen, the patient carried out allergological tests.

Measures of prevention include:

  • exception the use of products that are possible allergies;
  • exception external allergen exposure;
  • if you are allergic to pollen, then the patient at the time of flowering appointed courses antihistamines;
  • exception of preparations and tools, which set an allergic reaction;
  • timely treatment of chronic diseases.

Important! The article is written on the basis of a federal standard ambulance with angioedema, urticaria

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