When hypertension is grade 2 symptoms and treatment are closely linked. The disease is mild with an average severity for the symptomatic picture. Hypertensive heart disease is the second degree is characterized by persistently higher rates of blood pressure - it is from 160 to 179 mm Hg systolic and 100 to 109 mmHg diastolic. Feature of the disease is that the return to normal pressure indicator is practically impossible.
Causes of
Stage 2 hypertension occurs due to the joint effect of provoking factors. Pathology arises and when a person has been previously diagnosed with hypertension 1 stage, but he did not conduct therapy drugs and failed to comply with preventive measures. Precipitating factors:
- presence of atherosclerosis;
- obesity;
- incorrect diet with frequent consumption of fatty foods, spices and a large amount of salt;
- lack of regular and moderate physical activity, passive way of life;
- women - complications during pregnancy;
- congenital and acquired diseases of the vascular system;
- 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes complicated by pregnancy;
- smoking and frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages;
- part of the psychological and emotional distress;
- the negative effects of stress;
- kidney disease;
- deviations in the endocrine system;
- disturbance to the functioning and status of the heart muscle;
- deficiency in calcium and magnesium;
- long term administration of hormonal medicines group.
Hypertension stage 2 has a genetic predisposition. If hypertension has been in close blood relatives, the risk of its occurrence increases, especially if the effect of precipitating factors.
Hypertensive heart disease is amenable to treatment if possible to determine the exact causes of its development, and to eliminate them. In this case it will be possible to drive a long illness in remission stage.
symptoms
Signs of pathological states - expressed, they can not be ignored, and they can increase in intensity if the pressure increase caused by the presence of concomitant diseases. Common symptoms of a pathological condition:
- pain, wearing a pulsating character, localized mainly in the temples;
- strong and extensive swelling of the face, especially the eyelids;
- appearance on the skin of the face and neck red spots, manifested mesh of small vessels;
- severe edema of the upper extremities, particularly fingers;
- blurred vision, the appearance of dark "flies";
- together with a pain in his temples having pain in the occipital region;
- constant feeling of tiredness and sleepiness, even prolonged sleep does not bring vivacity;
- apathy;
- constantly pressurized;
- low emotionality;
- dilation of blood vessels in the eyes;
- noise and hum in his ears;
- the inability to control urination - a sign there, if there is renal failure;
- palpitations after slight physical load;
- infringement of intellectual activity, forgetfulness, loss of memory.
The nature of the clinical picture may vary depending on, acts as an independent pathology of the disease or indication is associated disease.
The degree of danger of the disease
Hypertension is one step in the absence of a timely and proper treatment, as well as under the influence of provoking factors leads to the second degree of disease. Hypertension 1 degree does not cause disorders of internal organs, in contrast to the power of 2 having a higher probability of the development of various pathologies in organs and life support systems.
The likelihood of developing abnormalities in the cardiovascular system with the advent of heavy (sometimes fatal) states calculated by the degree of risk - this is isolated individual levels (1, 2, 3, 4). When the disease moved to the 2nd stage, the risk can be minimized if a person complies with preventive measures, or high (4), a maximum, in the absence of maintenance medication or if it was not possible to find and correct the cause pathology.
risk 2
A rare phenomenon in hypertension degree of risk 2 2, if a person with such a diagnosis fulfills all requirements of a doctor. 2 is characterized by a fairly low probability risk of abnormalities in the functioning of the heart and vascular system. Violations can occur no earlier than 10 years from the date constantly elevated blood pressure. over time, the likelihood of a heart attack is 20%.
risk 3
When hypertension grade 2 Risk 3 is placed when, in addition to the constantly high levels of blood pressure, a person already present concomitant diseases such as atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus, and blood vessels are damaged and can not normally function.
There is a high risk that the disease will go into a more complex form, begin to develop hypertension stage 3, which is characterized by intense symptomatology and high risk of heart attack or stroke.
When 3 risk in a human renal failure progresses, blood flow is disturbed in coronary blood vessels, due to which increases the likelihood of ischemic heart disease. The group disability can be assigned run man.
risk 4
When hypertension grade 2 risk 4 is diagnosed when the patient's history already have 1 or more heart attacks. 4, the risk for hypertension step 2 can be lethal.
Not only in the fourth stage, the risk of complications is greatest. Calculating the risk - is the predicted term that is calculated based on the patient's age, his presence of concomitant disease and the severity of the case. The risk of heart attack, stroke or death can be high and in the third step, if no therapy is carried out.
Diagnostics
Hypertension is a risk of 1 requires due diligence, ie. To. Is symptomatic absent, the patient's condition is not particularly disturbed. To make a diagnosis, it is necessary to measure the pressure in the morning and evening for 14 days. Each time the index recorded in the diary. Fluctuations in blood pressure will allow the doctor to make an accurate diagnosis more quickly.
Hypertension 2 degrees with risk 4 defines easier: to analyze characteristic features. If any risks pathology necessarily conducted laboratory tests and instrumental diagnostic methods are used:
- Ultrasound examination of the kidneys, heart and liver, thyroid ultrasound. Determining the status and functioning of these bodies allows you to find the possible cause of the disease.
- ECG, echocardiogram - a study of the heart, the emphasis is on the analysis of left ventricular cardiac function.
- Doppler - is carried out to assess the condition of blood vessels. If at least one vessel is narrowed wall (risk 2), it will lead to circulatory problems and the development of hypertension.
For a survey of the general condition of the patient to hold general and biochemical blood and urine tests.
How to treat
Completely cure hypertension stage 2 is almost impossible. You can pause the disease and reduce symptoms if identified predisposing factor to be eliminated.
Conducted a comprehensive treatment: prescribed drugs, painted preventive measures, developed dietary food. Allowed to use the methods of traditional medicine, but only as a supplementary measure to the primary therapy. Furthermore, hypertensive patients require regular moderate exercise.
medication
Treatment of hypertension grade 2 drugs helps to stop the symptomatic picture of the disease, and normalize blood circulation, thereby reducing the risk of complications. All drugs are chosen taking into account the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient's person.
Drugs given in the course of treatment of hypertension, the following:
- Diuretics - furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, Lasix.
- Calcium channel blockers - nifedipine, amlodipine.
- Beta-blockers - Inderal, timolol, metoprolol.
- Angiotensin receptor antagonists - candesartan, valsartan, losartan.
- ACE inhibitors - lisinopril, enalapril, captopril.
Medications for the treatment of hypertension are appointed only by a physician, their self-administration categorically ruled out. It is dangerous for the health of hypertensive patients and can lead to serious consequences. Receiving drugs should be carried out according to the dosage prescribed by the doctor, it is desirable to take them in the same time.
Most often appointed absorbable Tablets hypertension. If you need to quickly remove the symptoms, to prescribe medication in the form of injecting a solution. Thus the active ingredients are absorbed faster and have a better therapeutic effect.
If a positive result from the assigned medication regimen hypertension is observed, pressure indicators constantly inflated, you should contact your doctor to adjust the dosage he or replace drugs more effective counterparts.
Folk remedies
It can be cured only complex pathology. For this purpose, recipes of traditional medicine as an aid aimed at elimination symptomatic picture of the disease and increased therapeutic response from the received medicines. It is possible to treat hypertension following popular recipes:
- 1 tablespoon valerian or motherwort pour 200 ml of a boiling water and infuse for 20 minutes. Strain, take 40 ml 3 times a day 30 minutes before the main meals.
- From fruits to squeeze the juice of Viburnum. Should get 2 glasses of juice, which should be drunk in small portions throughout the day.
- The mix equal parts sugar and cranberries. Ingredients grind and mix with each other. The resulting mixture was taken to 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 30 minutes before meal. The course is 21 days. If necessary, repeat the treatment, but it is necessary to make a pause of 7 days.
- Mix 100 ml of vodka, 200 ml of fresh juice from carrots and beets, 150 g of cranberry fruit and 5 tablespoons honey. The ingredients are well mixed and infuse for three days in a place where there is no access sunlight. Take 3 times daily and 1 tablespoon immediately prior to the main meal.
Instead of tea and other beverages to people with type 2 hypertension is recommended to drink herbal teas based on rose hips, cranberries and viburnum, hawthorn and blueberry. In the pathology of 4 degrees it is prohibited to use the traditional methods require complex drug therapy.
diet therapy
Treated hypertension 2 degrees dietary compliance. The diet of the hypertensive patient should be foods that help to lower blood pressure:
- blueberry;
- beet;
- potatoes;
- minimum percentage of milk fat;
- cereals;
- beet;
- leafy greens;
- bananas.
Unsubscribe from the need to:
- meat and fish oil-rich;
- pickles and marinades;
- smoked meat and sausage products purchased;
- animal and vegetable fats;
- herbs and spices;
- chocolate and confectionery;
- fresh bread, pastries and other baked goods;
- alcoholic and carbonated beverages, coffee.
The salt may be present in the diet, but in limited quantities. If possible, the best of it to completely abandon. The basis of power - it is lean fish and meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits. From drinks it is recommended to drink green tea, fresh juices on the basis of fruits and vegetables, broths of medicinal herbs. All dishes are cooked by boiling or baking, from fried foods must be abandoned.
Sport
Regular physical activity must be present in a person's life with a similar disease, t. To. sedentary lifestyle is one of the main reasons for the development of a pathological condition with an increased pressure.
To engage in overly active employment and power sports, in which the increased pressure, it is impossible. Recommended sports disciplines - Pilates, swimming and yoga. It helps to keep yourself in shape and to normalize the blood circulation even a simple morning exercises, which need to Spend 10 minutes.
Disability and other consequences
Hypertension - a dangerous disease that leads to the defeat of the internal organs and their total dysfunction, often pathological processes are irreversible. Consequences that may result from the disease:
- coronary heart disease;
- heart attack;
- stroke;
- rupture of the aorta wall;
- renal and hepatic insufficiency;
- disturbances in brain function, reduction of mental activity.
If left untreated, it goes into step 3, in which the reduced quality and length of life. People diagnosed with such as hypertension grade 2 assigned disability at high risk of complications. Indications for assignment of disability: a history of stroke or heart attack, disorders of mental activity due to a pathological condition of the blood vessels of the brain.
prevention
To prevent the development of complications of AH 2 degrees, a person must completely rethink your life and change her image. First of all disease prevention involves avoiding harmful habits: smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
It plays an important role good nutrition. The use of large amounts of fatty and fried foods, salt and spices leads to the fact that blood vessels clogged with cholesterol, which is why there is an increase in blood pressure. Sport should be present in the hypertensive life. It should be moderate exercise, which is necessary to dedicate 10 to 30 minutes a day.
To control blood pressure parameters, you must comply with all recommendations of the physician who regularly take prescribed medications. Maintain a healthy lifestyle - is the key that will be able to contain the disease in remission, prevent the development of complications. At least twice a year to checkups.
