Salmonellosis - intestinal infection caused by numerous pathogens of the genus Salmonella, characterized by a clearly expressed intoxication and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Salmonella tolerate freezing, drying, survive in water up to two months, accumulate in meat and dairy products that are resistant to salting, smoking, marinades. When boiling rapidly destroyed.
The main sources of infection are animals, occasionally people. The duration of the hidden currents of salmonellosis in animals can go on for years. Asymptomatic disease found in many species of farm animals, cats, dogs, rodents, birds.
The main route of infection - the food, the transmission factors may be different foods - meat of mammals, birds, fish, eggs and egg products, milk and dairy products, and others. The second transmission path - water where transfer factor is open water reservoirs or tap water in emergency conditions.
Salmonella, overcame the barrier of the stomach, to quickly penetrate into the mucous membrane of the small intestine. Vital functions of Salmonella in intestinal mucosa is accompanied by the production of toxins, which cause the development of diarrheal, pain and symptoms of intoxication.
manifestations of salmonellosis
The incubation period for salmonellosis ranges from 6 hours to 2-3 days, averaging 12-24 hours. disease often begins acutely: chills, fever up 38-39S, headache, weakness, malaise, cramping abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Liquid stool, watery, frothy, malodorous, greenish color of from 5 to 10 times per day. 2-3-th day of the disease in some patients in the stool detected an admixture of mucus, and (rarely) blood. The duration of the disease in most cases, from 2 to 10 days.
Complications include peritonitis, A toxic colon expansion, reactive arthritis, infectious-toxic and dehydration shocks.
Typhoid salmonellosis variant usually begins with signs of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, but can occur at the outset and without bowel function disorders. Duration of fever varies from 10-14 days to 3-4 weeks. The temperature often reaches 39-40S. Skin patients are pale, sometimes on his stomach and torso found rash elements.
Diagnostics
To confirm the diagnosis of salmonellosis are required bacteriological and serological studies. Material for bacteriological tests are blood, feces, urine, vomit, gastric lavage, bile, pus from the foci of inflammation. For detection of antibodies using the indirect hemagglutination reaction. The minimum diagnostic titre - 1: 200.
salmonellosis treatment
Inpatient treatment of salmonellosis shown in moderate and severe forms of the disease, young children, the elderly.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin 0,05h3 times over 9-12 hours) under the cover means to protect the gastric mucosa (smectite, NMP polysorb).
- Binding and excretion from the intestine toxin (Polyphepanum, lignosorb, activated carbon, etc. Vaul. 5-20 g of 3 times a day; Enterodesum 5 g in 100 ml of water 3 times daily)
- Neutralization of toxin enzymes: pancreatin mezim-Forte et al. in combination with calcium preparations and alkaline solutions and (Bourget mixture).
- Neutralization of the pathogen. Light for salmonellosis: furazolidone, furadonin, furagin 0,1h4 times, the course of 5 days or intetriks 2 capsules x 3 times, the course of 5 days or entero-sediv 1 tablet 3 times daily. Moderate flow: ciprofloxacin (tsiprobay, tsifran 0,5h2 times, ofloxacin (tarivid 0,4h2 times) or the like. The course of 7 days. Severe salmonellosis: ofloxacin (tarivid) or ciprofloxacin (tsiploks) 200 mg 2 times / drip. Perhaps a combination of fluoroquinolones with aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. The course of 3-5 days. Later reception fluoroquinolones. The course of 10-14 days.
- Recovery salt balance glyukozosolevymi solutions (rehydron, tsitroglyukosolan et al.).
- Elimination of toxins through the skin. Skin care. Thermal comfort.
- Preparations routine vitamin C.
- The impact on the neuro-muscular system intestine (Buscopan, metatsin, belladonna, and platifillin mebeverin, papaverine, no-spa, Halidorum)
- Auxiliary means: phytotherapy (binders, coating, antiflatulents) meteospazmil, tseolat.
- Restoration of intestinal biocenosis. The course of biological products from 3 weeks to 1.5 months.
prevention
Prevention of salmonellosis is aimed at preventing the spread of the disease in poultry animals, compliance with sanitary regime in the food industry and public power. Crucial importance is the mechanization and automation of technological processes at the enterprises that manufacture food products.
