The author - Chuklin Olga, general practitioner, internist. Work experience since 2003.
Pharyngitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, in which patients have pain and discomfort in the throat.
Causes
Cause of pharyngitis may include the following factors:
- exposure of bacteria (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia);
- the impact of viruses (adenovirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, RS-virus);
- the impact of Candida genus fungi;
- penetration of irritants to the mucosa of the pharynx;
- entering the allergen to the mucous pharynx;
- pharyngeal mucosa injury.
The main role in the development of acute pharyngitis belongs to viral infections.
Contributing factors to the development of pharyngitis are:
- presence of chronic inflammation in the nasopharynx (otitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, dental caries);
- mouth breathing in the cold season;
- Accommodation in major metropolitan areas with polluted air;
- inhalation of irritants in industries;
- smoking;
- alcohol abuse;
- frequent exposure.
Kinds
Pharyngitis downstream may be acute or chronic.
Depending on the cause of pharyngitis they are divided into:
- bacterial;
- viral;
- fungal;
- allergic;
- post-traumatic stress;
- from exposure to chemical irritants.
Depending on the clinical symptoms, morphological changes in the mucous pharynx pharyngitis isolated following forms:
- bluetongue;
- granulosa or hypertrophic at which a thickening of the mucous membrane of the pharynx;
- subatrophic or atrophic at which a thinning pharyngeal mucosa.
Granulosa and atrophic forms pharyngeal mucosa inflammation characteristic of chronic pharyngitis.
Symptoms of acute pharyngitis
Clinical manifestations of acute forms depend on the causes of the disease. Thus, in addition to the viral nature of pharyngitis symptoms of sore throat symptoms are often found rhinitis, laryngitis, conjunctivitis.
Pharyngitis begins acutely with signs of intoxication, which includes the following symptoms:
- temperature rise;
- general weakness;
- fast fatiguability;
- headache;
- fatigue.
Later, there are local signs and pharyngitis:
- pain in the throat when swallowing;
- sore throat;
- uncomfortable feeling in the throat;
- dry mucous membranes of the throat.
When viewed from the mucous membranes of the throat can be found the following symptoms:
- redness posterior pharyngeal wall;
- graininess posterior pharyngeal wall.
It may also be an increase in regional lymph nodes (submandibular, cervical), pain occurs when palpation.
For pharyngitis fungal attacks are characterized by a whitish color, the temperature of the patient may be normal or low grade (37 - 37.5 degrees).
If the sore throat is not treated on time or treated wrong, the inflammation can spread to arise:
- tonsillitis;
- tracheitis;
- bronchitis.
Diagnostics
When signs of the disease need to be sure to consult a doctor, the district, or an audiologist.
A diagnosis based on the typical complaints of the patient, the local symptoms of pharyngitis.
A doctor holds pharyngoscope (examination of the pharynx), where you can see:
- flushing the posterior pharyngeal wall, palatine arches;
- graininess posterior pharyngeal wall;
- swelling of the mucous membranes of the pharynx.
To clarify pharyngitis pathogen conducted smear with pharyngeal mucosa. Also in this study identifies drugs to which sensitive pathogen.
Among other tests carried out:
General blood analysis
- there may be signs of inflammatory response (increase in the number of leukocytes, the acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate);
Immunological studies carried out for the detection of antibodies to various infections (at impossibility determining pathogen using with the smear of mucous pharynx).
Treatment of acute pharyngitis
Treatment of acute pharyngitis assigns a local doctor or physician otolaryngologist.
There are general guidelines for the treatment of acute pharyngitis:
- drinking plenty of fluids;
- exclusion of hot and cold food;
- exclusion sharp, irritating foods;
- regular airing of the premises;
- Daily wet cleaning and moisturizing the inhaled air.
At body temperature of 38.5 degrees or more, antipyretics:
- ibuprofen;
- Paracetamol;
- Aspirin;
- Ibuklin.
In the treatment must take into account the etiology of pharyngitis.
When the viral nature of the disease used antiviral drugs, but it is worth noting that the time the article was published (April 2016), the effectiveness of antiviral drugs and has not been proved:
- Arbidol;
- Kagocel;
- Ergoferon;
- tsikloferon;
- Ingavirin.
Antibiotics are used only when proven bacterial pharyngitis, the following products are prescribed:
- amoxiclav;
- Flemoksin Soljutab;
- azithromycin;
- clarithromycin;
- Zinnat;
- Supraks.
Antibiotic treatment is carried out rate of 5 to 7 days. Self-treatment with antibacterial drugs is unacceptable.
To remove the swelling and pharyngeal mucosa in allergic pharyngitis nature are assigned antihistamines:
- Tsetrin;
- loratadine;
- diazolin;
- fenistil;
- Zyrtec.
A good therapeutic effect is achieved during local treatment, refer to it:
- gargling;
- os treatment with different solutions;
- resorption of the tablets and lozenges.
Rinsing is carried out the following solutions:
- chlorhexidine;
- furatsilin;
- Rotokan;
- A decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage.
To use different processing throat sprays and aerosols:
- Geksoral;
- Stopangin;
- Miramistin;
- Ingalipt;
- Kameton.
Suckable used drugs in the form of tablets or lozenges in addition they have an antiseptic action and analgesic action:
- Septolete;
- Falimint;
- Dr. Mom;
- Strepsils.
Inhalation spend with essential oils:
- hlorofillipt;
- pine buds;
- peppermint;
- eucalyptus.
To do this, use a steam inhaler.
Attention! It is impossible for steam inhalation at elevated temperature of the body.
With timely beginning of the treatment duration was 7 to 10 days.
complications
Complications arise in the untimely beginning of therapy, self-medication, non-compliance with treatment duration.
Complications arise from the fact that there is spread to nearby organs infections.
The most commonly occur following complications:
- acute tonsillitis (angina);
- otitis;
- sinusitis;
- tracheitis;
- laryngitis;
- bronchitis.
prevention
Preventive measures of acute pharyngitis include:
- nasal breathing in the street in the cold season;
- avoid hypothermia general and local;
- to give up smoking;
- increase the body's defenses;
- timely treatment of inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx.
With proper and timely treatment of acute pharyngitis disease has a favorable prognosis.
1. Instructions for medical use the drug Salvia lozenges
2. Allergic reactions - for medical use according to instructions
