George Andrianov, a general practitioner.
November, 2017
Hygroma called benign, limited capsule which is filled with a transparent liquid. Hygroma fixed by its base to the tendons or joint area, presenting a circular shape swelling, which is covered by intact skin.
general information
Hygroma usually no discomfort to patients does not deliver, it can exist for years without attracting attention. Surgery to remove hygroma usually plan for complications or with cosmetic defects, the appearance of pain or with the active development of education.
Hygroma can occur at any age, most often they occur in men, engaged in physical labor.
Causes
Exact cause of hygroma not, however, identified a number of predisposing factors:
- injured joints or tendons,
- excessive load on the tendons zone,
- previous inflammation in the ligaments, bursitis or tendovaginitah,
- -vynuzhdennoe professional unusual position of joints or tendons tension (programmers, pianists).
Typical localization hygromas:
- wrist joint,
- foot,
- knee,
- brush,
- brain (rare)
- neck.
Typically hygroma localized in the synovial bags (special formation in the joints), which are located superficially under the skin.
Hygroma more often on the extensor surfaces of the joints, sometimes they can be localized in the area of the bending zone, in this case, they can be a nuisance.
When communication with the joint cavity, the fluid can flow into the joint and temporarily disappear, then mistakenly believed that the hygroma has passed. Then it occurs again, making it difficult to commit to the usual movements of the joints.
symptoms hygromas
At primary occurs, hygroma can proceed without any inconvenience, gradually increasing its size. The main featured hygroma include:
- rounded education sizes up to 3-5 cm,
- smooth surface hygroma,
- soft, elastic consistency,
- skin surface over hygroma thickened, slightly rough, the color is not changed,
- hygroma compression causes discomfort in the joint,
- may be violated full movement of the joint,
- hygroma difficult to budge, it is fixed to its base,
- when large amounts of fluid motion can be felt,
- palpation painless tumor,
- no temperature and malaise,
- long-term, chronic illness,
- at larger sizes hygromas there are painful phenomenon.
Private options hygroma may have some features depending on the location and size. So hygroma foot appears:
- localization in the ankle bone on the outer surface of the phalanges,
- can interfere with the wearing of shoes, normal foot traffic,
- footwear permanent injury leads to its increase, compression of blood vessels and nerves, there is pain and inflammation.
Such localization requires urgent removal.
Hygroma knee spread widely, occurs when excessive loads on the knees or injuries. It is characterized by:
- localized in the popliteal area,
- violation of the flexor foot movements,
It requires urgent removal.
Brain hygroma can be of two types:
- subdural (located under the dura mater),
- intradural (located within, between the sheets of the dura).
Hygroma neck having optionally disease in newborns are arranged on the side of the neck, armpits grow toward or mediastinum. It may be an option of a cystic hygroma of the neck, as a malformation of the lymphatic system of the fetus.
Diagnostics
At typical localizations hygroma diagnosed clinically on the basis of complaints and inspection with palpation tumor cells. For complex localizations or in case of doubt carried out:
- US Education and the surrounding soft tissues,
- X-rays,
- puncture education fence material for histological examination.
Despite the resemblance, hygroma should be distinguished from atheroma and lipoma.
hygromas treatment
Hygroma diagnosis and treatment involved surgery. Methods of conservative therapy in the treatment of hygroma were ineffective and today do not apply. Of operational methods are applicable:
- crushing hygroma with spreading liquid over the joint cavity. Method painful hygroma shell when it is broken, but eventually relapse may be in the form of suppurative complications process.
- puncturing hygroma (thin puncture needle) with suction and introducing the contents into the cavity various absorbable preparations. The method often gives relapses.
- surgery, amputation ganglion. This method ensures a lack of recurrence, is performed under local anesthesia, the surgery is not more than an hour. Sutures heal within a week. For complex localizations and large size can be displayed hygromas general anesthesia.
- hygroma laser with its heating and complete destruction.
After removing the hygroma on the restoration plaster is applied in order to prevent its re-occurrence.
prevention
For the prevention of the formation of hygromas necessary to choose the optimal mode of work and implementation of measures for the prevention of injury to joints. In the case of the legs must be wearing the right footwear, distribution and optimization of physical activity.