Lipoma wen or tumor formation called benign nature, originating from the adipose tissue. Lipoma may be delimited from other tissue or capsule to be located diffusely in the tissues.
Lipoma is more common in middle-aged women, from 30 to 45-50 years. Lipomas are the usual localization of areas rich in fat tissue:
- Skin and subcutaneous tissue,
- intermuscular adipose tissue areas,
- perirenal adipose tissue,
- retroperitoneal fat
- breast,
- digestive tract (gut)
- mediastinum,
- lipomas are rare localizations of the myocardium, the region of the meninges and the lungs, bones and nerve trunks. Typically, these lipomas are heterotopic, that is formed from embryonic tissue, not caught in its area during bookmark tissues.
Causes of lipomas
The exact reason for the occurrence of lipomas were found, it was noted that only lipomas can be single and multiple (lipomatosis). The authors say the reason for the development of lipomas as neurotrophic processes (due to malnutrition of certain nerves in the area of their accumulated fat). The growth of a lipoma is not dependent on the patient's weight, even with strong slimming lipoma continues to grow and accumulate fat.
classification of lipomas
Lipoma, depending on the location and origin, as well as external and internal structure can be divided into:
- classic lipoma with the contents inside the only fatty tissue,
- fibrolipoma contained within the adipose and connective tissue,
- miolipomy having parallel with a lot of adipose tissue of the muscle fibers,
- angiolipoma containing composition receptacles
- miksolipomy contain elements mucosal tissue,
- mielolipomy contain together with the fat tissue of the hematopoietic elements,
- hibernoma, education in the tissue, similar to tissue hibernating animals.
By type of lipoma can be divided into:
- lipoma annular neck arranged in a necklace in cervical tissue,
- tree lipoma inside the joints,
- Encapsulated lipomas with sharp edges and a dense shell,
- diffuse lipoma without clear boundaries and capsules
- painful lipoma or multiple lipomatosis,
- ossified and petrifitsirovannye lipoma - bone formation inside lipoma elements and calcium deposits,
- lipoma on the leg - subcutaneous forms having legs with blood vessels and nerves.
- soft lipoma,
- dense lipoma.
formation mechanisms
Lipomas are knotty character, inside they are filled with fat cells of different sizes, from very small to giant. Between normal fat cells there are special cells - cambial or rudimentary, that can give rise cells of another species. Lipomas grow slowly and for a long time without causing discomfort. However, at constant traumatizing in rare cases, can be transformed into malignant.
manifestations of lipomas
Lipoma looks fairly typical. Especially when the surface localization. Typically it is:
- mobile and painless education
- node under the skin in size from 0.5 to 10-15 cm,
- node tends to slow growth even when losing weight,
- mobile node,
- consistency of testovatoy to dense,
- at a palpation painless education,
- may be signs of compression of blood vessels and nerves,
- at the location and uncomfortable friction on the clothing can become inflamed and infected.
The typical localization of subcutaneous lipomas are the face, head, back and chest, shoulders and neck, less frequently the legs and abdomen.
Complaints are usually aesthetic and beauty, pain and physical discomfort lipomas do not give, except maybe a lipoma of the neck, leading to compression of the airway and problems with breathing.
diagnosis of lipomas
Can be suspect lipoma based displays. On examination, the tumor is:
- located in places where the adipose tissue,
- movable at palpation,
- soft or lightly compacted consistency,
- painless,
- while stretching the skin over it, there is a typical tissue retraction.
To determine the nature of the formation is used to puncture the thin needles studying tissue fragment. In order to more accurate diagnosis of tumors and is used inside the body:
- Ultrasound, which determines the accumulation of adipose tissue,
- X-ray examination with detection of foci of enlightenment,
- soft tissue xeroradiography using "soft rays."
- for suspected bowel lipomas used X-rays with contrast,
- CT or MRI formations.
Despite the apparent similarities, lipoma should be distinguished from hygroma and atheroma.
treatment of lipomas
Lipoma diagnosis and treatment takes a surgeon. Treatment of lipomas only operative, conservative therapies do not exist. Indications for surgical removal:
- aesthetic defect,
- compression of organs,
- high resolution lipoma,
- lipoma on the leg,
- permanent injury lipoma.
Apply several methods of therapy:
- classic operation with slits and complete removal of the tumor with the capsule, it is used in uncomfortable localizations and large size of the defect,
- endoscopic tumor removal through special suction tube adipose tissue from the capsule,
- laser removal lipoma under local anesthesia,
- electrocoagulation lipoma,
- radiowave surgery to remove the lipoma its tissues.
The prognosis for a favorable lipomas, they are removed completely, and do not give a relapse. When incomplete removal may occur recurrent lipoma. Life and health of the vast majority of lipomas is not threatened.
