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Digestive Tract

Constipation in adults: Types, Symptoms, Treatment

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According to statistics, every second person at least once in their lives experienced the trouble such as constipation. To understand the concept of "constipation", it is necessary to know how the colon is normal.

Most people (about two thirds) are emptied daily. One-fifth of the world's population visiting the toilet "for serious cases" twice a day, well, the rest of the people - about three times a day. So what is the norm?

If defecation occurs three times a day to three times in seven days - this is normal. About constipation should speak when the chair is delayed more than 48 hours, very painful defecation, stool volume does not exceed 100 grams, and they are very tight.

Kinds

Constipation is divided into functional and organic. In addition, the disease can be acute or chronic.

With increased intestinal tone when its separate parts spazmiruyutsya, stool forced to "get stuck" in them and can not get into the rectum. In this case we speak of spastic constipation. If the intestinal peristalsis weakened, then the bolus (chyme) almost does not move on it, indicating that atonic constipation.

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Depending on the reason that caused this condition, known the following types of constipation:

  • alimentary (error in feeding);
  • hypokinetic (sedentary lifestyle);
  • reflex (disease of the gastrointestinal tract: pancreatitis, gastritis and others);
  • toxic (permanent poisoning of the body by different toxic substances, including medical drugs);
  • endocrine (endocrine diseases);
  • mechanical (obstruction in the large intestine: tumors, scars, etc.);
  • neurogenic or psychogenic (pathology of the nervous system, or psychological problems).

Causes

First of all, the cause of constipation is an unhealthy diet:

  • constant snacking on dry rations;
  • non-compliance;
  • liquid shortage in the diet;
  • neglect of vegetable fiber;
  • insufficient number of dairy products in the daily menu.

Also on the bowels affects lifestyle, physical inactivity associated with the peculiarities of the profession, or forced immobility in the long-term bedridden patients contribute to constipation.

Do not forget about the chronic diseases of the digestive tract, the presence of structures in the intestine, scarring and endocrine disorders (thyroid disease, diabetes etc.), which may interfere with the normal emptying.

Smoking, drug addiction or harmful production factors also favor the disease causes. Perhaps the development of constipation on a background of abuse drugs (antispasmodics, sedatives).

We should also highlight the causes of psychogenic constipation. Man is able to continually suppress defecation due to objective reasons:

  • You can not absent himself from the place of work or study;
  • the inability to use a public toilet;
  • Traveler constipation, when people can not empty the bowel in field conditions;
  • and others.

Mental trauma is also a factor that can trigger constipation.

Symptoms of constipation in adults

The clinical picture of atopic and spastic constipation varies.

Signs of atonic constipation

When atonic constipation patient worries:

  • a feeling of fullness;
  • feeling of fullness in the abdomen;
  • aching pain.

Fecal first dense and heavy, have a certain shape when defecation, and at the end of the process are poluoformlennymi. The patient experiences pain during a bowel movement, it takes more effort to empty. Strong straining causes damage to the rectal mucosa, which leads to the formation of cracks. In this regard, on the toilet paper, and even on the surface of the stool can see the blood.

Symptoms of spastic constipation

With spastic constipation, the patient complains of:

  • abdominal pain of colic type;
  • flatulence.

Stool small and look like sheep dung. During defecation person does not feel inconvenience, and no signs of blood in the stool or toilet paper.

Prolonged constipation leads to intoxication due to absorption of the toxic substances which are formed during the metabolism. The patient becomes sluggish, gets tired quickly, he is disturbed sleep and emotional state. For this kind of intoxication is characterized by irritability and nervousness of the patient.

Constipation in pregnancy

Constipation during pregnancy - is not uncommon, they suffer 70% of expectant mothers. The causes of the disease are reduced to changes in the body:

  • during gestation hormonal changes;
  • increased production progesteroneThat not only relaxes the uterine muscles, but also weakens the intestinal peristalsis;
  • the occurrence of problems with emptying affects growing uterus: the longer the duration of pregnancy, the more it compresses the intestine.

Sedentary lifestyle, due to the physical condition of pregnant women also contributes to constipation.

Expectant mothers should follow the intestines work and deal with the problem. Prolonged constipation - a risk factor premature birthHe provokes hemorrhoids and septic complications in the postpartum period.

More for the treatment of constipation during pregnancy.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis of constipation the doctor collects the patient's complaints, conducts its inspection and assigns laboratory methods: general blood and urine tests.

In addition, it is shown holding barium enema (X-ray study of the intestine) and colonoscopy (Intestinal endoscope inspection). Barium enema and colonoscopy allow you to set how the intestine, whether it tumors, scars, whether areas of inflammation or ulceration there.

In some cases, it is shown consultation neurologist and an endocrinologist.

The basis for the sections on the diagnosis and treatment of constipation taken Federal clinical guidelines for 2013.

constipation treatment

Treatment of constipation has been proctologist, together with a gastroenterologist.

First of all, the nature of the power to be changed to a full recovery. It appointed a special diet, which includes use of:

  • a large amount of fiber (fresh fruits and vegetables, bran, buckwheat, etc.);
  • dairy products;
  • fluid at least 1,5-2 liters per day.

It is also necessary to review the way of life and extend motor activity due to physical training and sports performance exercise.

If the result of constipation was any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract or the endocrine system, treatment is directed at the underlying disease.

Treatment of constipation atonic

In atonic constipation (impaired peristalsis) prescribe drugs that irritate the intestinal wall, thereby stimulating peristalsis. Usually this means, which include senna (regulaks, Senade, kafiol) and bisacodyl (Guttalaks, pirilaks, bisadil). Data Drug therapy short: no more than 10 days, so as not to cause addiction.

Probiotics, on the basis of lactulose (macrogol) are safer, they have a stimulating effect on the intestinal flora, accelerate its growth and increased fecal volume. This can be Duphalac, Goodluck or Poslabin.

Treatment of spastic constipation

Spastic constipation is not treated with laxatives, antispasmodics and (no-spa, papaverine). In addition, shows a typical warm bath, massage the abdomen, lungs sedatives. Assigned also enzymatic means (panzinorm, Festalum).

In case of acute constipation can be used cleansing enema, but not often.

Consequences and outlook

Forecast for constipation, is generally favorable. However, this condition may be complicated by the formation of fecal stones, ileus and fecal peritonitis. This is especially true of older people and paralyzed patients.


* Sections for the treatment and diagnosis of constipation in adults based on the data of the Federal guideline from 2013.

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