Disease
Disease
Disease
Digestive Tract

Duodenitis: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

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Duodenitis - an inflammatory disease of the duodenum, where the most severely affected of its mucosa.

Duodenum - one of the most important organs of digestion. In it the food is processed by digestive juices of the pancreas, cavitary digestion takes place - the stage, preparing food for absorption. Also duodenum produces certain hormones that regulate the activity of the digestive system, the body's metabolism. Therefore, despite the prevalence of this disease, duodenitis is a very serious problem.

Causes

Causes of duodenitis are quite varied. Most often it develops in childhood, as a result of the weakness of the hormonal apparatus duodenum, its wrong location. One reason is the development of Helicobacter Pylori bacterium that is a major cause of gastritis.

The risk of contracting duodenitis exists among people of all age groups. Are acute and chronic forms of duodenitis. The acute form of duodenitis is catarrhal, erosive and ulcerative and abscess.

chronic duodenitis

Chronic duodenitis can be primary and secondary. Primary chronic duodenitis occurs when malnutrition (Used acute irritating, hot food, alcohol), smoking.

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More common secondary chronic duodenitis - he develops on the background of already existing inflammatory diseases, for example, chronic gastritis; duodenal ulcer; improper treatment of acute duodenitis.

A great role in the development of a secondary duodenitis plays duodenostasis - lack of mobility of the duodenum resulting from obstruction or poor motility.

According to the degree of structural changes there are several options for chronic duodenitis:

  • surface (the inflammatory process involves only the upper layers of the mucosa);
  • atrophic (thinning of duodenal mucosa with its secretory fading function);
  • interstitial (excluding glands injury); erosive-ulcerous (characterized by the appearance on the mucosa of small erosions and ulcers);
  • hyperplastic (the excessive growth of tissue).

Symptoms of chronic duodenitis

  • feeling of fullness in the upper abdomen,
  • loss of appetite,
  • heartburn,
  • belching,
  • sometimes nausea or vomiting bile
  • constipation.

In periods of exacerbation - constant pain in the stomach, aggravated by fasting or 1,5-2 hours after meals. There are night pain.

Some patients complain of headaches, fatigue, irritability, shortness of breath and heart palpitations because of the hormonal functions of the duodenum.

Treatment

Treatment of chronic duodenitis periods of exacerbation is conducted in a hospital. Treatment is prescribed depending on the cause, provoking the disease.

  • In the presence of giardiasis Helminthiasis and prescribe the appropriate chemotherapy (flag, furazolidone, hloksin).
  • When detecting H. pylori infection used antibiotics.
  • At higher acidity - drugs that reduce acid secretion (omeprazole, ranitidine), and antacids which neutralize gastric acidity (Almagelum, Maalox, Aluminum phosphate gel).
  • To protect the mucosa overlying the prescribed medication (de-nol, Sulfacrate). With the aim of anti-inflammatory recommended to use decoction of chamomile and yarrow. To restore the digestive enzyme preparations prescribed.

If the cause of duodenitis was dysmotility duodenum (duodenostasis), for example, an obstruction, it is necessary to establish the cause. If it is associated with the violation of any of the functions of the digestive system, treatment of duodenitis conservatively. Displaying frequent meals in small portions, drugs that bind bile and promote its secretion (cholagogue). Effectively duodenal intubation with washing duodenum.

In the presence of adhesions, mechanical barriers and other types of obstruction, intractable therapeutic treatment, operative treatment of duodenitis.

When secondary duodenitis, necessary treatment of the underlying disease.

acute duodenitis

symptoms

  • pain in the stomach,
  • nausea,
  • vomiting,
  • weakness.

Acute duodenitis usually occurs on the background of an acute inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

Treatment of an acute form

Acute catarrhal and erosive and ulcerative duodenitis usually do not require special treatment, and subject to the correct mode tested within a few days, but in the case of repeated manifestations of the disease may progress to a chronic form.

The patient was prescribed bed rest and hunger in 1-2 days. Sometimes it is advisable to wash the stomach with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After washing for intestinal cleansing drink 25-30gr magnesium sulfate diluted in a glass of water. From the third day, the patient is prescribed medical diet №1 (limited to food, annoying wall bowel, dishes are mashed, boiled in water or steamed, are excluded very hot and cold dishes). Appointed by the binders and overlying drugs when pain - antispasmodic (No-spa, Drotaverinum, papaverine).

When phlegmonous duodenitis operative treatment, treatment with antibiotics. Possible complications - gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation of the bowel wall, acute pancreatitis.

Diet for duodenitis

One of the most important components of competent treatment of duodenitis - correctly made diet.

Within 10-12 days you must adhere to the most gentle food. Food should be taken 4-5 times a day in small portions. From the diet excludes all foods that irritate the mucosa (spicy and fried foods, spices, pickles, fresh bread and bakery products, vegetables). Allowed mucous soups from oat, rice and semolina, liquid porridge, scrambled eggs (no more than 3 per day), steam omelets, sweet jelly of fruits and berries.

After 10-12 days, allow meat and fish patties, steamed, pureed soups. In good health and with a doctor's permission, the diet can be extended, but sharp and irritating products should be excluded for a long time. Alcohol is absolutely contraindicated.
Also appointed physiotherapy, it is recommended spa treatment.

Learn more about nutrition with duodenitis - in our separate article

Diagnostics

Because the character of duodenitis is diverse and is similar to many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, its diagnosis is based on imaging studies:

  • fibrogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) From the biopsy;
  • duodenoscopy;
  • pH-meter;
  • X-ray of the stomach and duodenum;
  • biochemical blood analysis;
  • examination of feces;
  • ultrasonography (US)

In the case of abscess duodenita fibrogastroduodenoscopy contraindicated.

prevention

Prevention duodenitis should include a full and regular meals, restriction of acute and irritating foods, alcohol, early detection and treatment of digestive diseases, parasitic diseases.

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