The correct name of the disease - conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis and not as you wrote. This article is there because you - not the first person who makes a mistake in this word. You can stay here, or read the correct version of the article.
Conjunctivitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye (conjunctiva).
Depending on the cause distinguish bacterial, viral, chlamydial, fungal, allergic conjunctivitis.
Pathogens bacterial forms - staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, gonococcus, diphtheria bacillus and Koch et al. Among the most common virus adenovirus, herpes and measles species.
Cause allergic conjunctivitis may be different allergens - infectious agents, drugs (atropine, quinine, morphine, antibiotics, physostigmine, pyridylpropionamide et al.), cosmetics, household chemicals, physical and chemical factors in the chemical, textile, flour-milling industry, at the sawmill, brickworks, as well as light energy and ionizing radiation in the electrical industry, the film industry, the operation of the X-ray installations. There are conjunctivitis, developing as a result of direct action on the conjunctiva of various physical and chemical factors.
Development of the disease may be associated with chronic diseases - inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, helminthic infestation et al.
symptoms of conjunctivitis
The manifestations of the disease depend on the cause, but all the forms are characterized by a number of common symptoms - swelling and redness of the conjunctiva age, presence of mucus or purulent discharge.
Often, such as adenovirus and chlamydial lesions, there is the so-called follicular form, flowing with the advent of the conjunctiva small formations of translucent pale pink - follicles.
Symptoms of acute phase
Acute conjunctivitis begins abruptly with pain or cramps, first one and then the other eye. Against the background of pronounced redness often observed petechial hemorrhages. It appears mucous, mucopurulent or purulent discharge. Acute phase may be accompanied by a general malaise, fever, and headache. The duration of the acute form ranges from 5-6 days to 2-3 weeks.
Acute bacterial form characterized by severe photophobia, lacrimation. The conjunctiva is reddened, swollen, with point hemorrhages.
Adenovirus form precedes or accompanies shock upper respiratory tract. The incubation period is 4-8 days. Begins acutely marked lacrimation, redness and conjunctival swelling, sometimes appear petechial hemorrhages. Discharge scanty, slimy character. Found rash small follicles on the lower transitional fold of the conjunctiva. Adenovirus form typically occurs in one eye and after 1-3 days passes to the second, and the process proceeds to the second eye in the form of the lighter.
Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis manifested by bleeding of the eyelids and the eyeball, which dissolve at different times depending on their size (point - in 3-6 days, extensive - 2-3 weeks).
fungal forms caused by different types of fungi (actinomycetes, molds, yeast, etc.). The source of pathogens is the soil, some herbs, vegetables, fruits, as well as sick people and animals.
allergic form variety of different manifestations depending on the nature of the allergen. Drug conjunctivitis relatively common and usually develops within 6 hours after drug administration. Appear rapidly growing conjunctival edema, pruritus, burning sensation in the eyes, copious mucous discharge. A typical example is atopic conjunctivitis forms at hay fever. It is characterized by seasonality of exacerbations that occur in spring and summer during the period of flowering plants and trees, often accompanied by rhinitis. Affects both eyes; marked burning sensation, sharp pain, itching, tearing and photophobia, redness and swelling of the conjunctiva, excessive mucous discharge.
Symptoms of chronic phase
Chronic conjunctivitis develops gradually, is characterized by persistent and prolonged course. Patients complain of discomfort, foreign body sensation in the eye. Slightly reddened eyelids.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical picture. To determine the causes of conjunctivitis are important data such as, for example, contact with an allergen, the dependence of the sunlight, particularly flow (e.g., seasonality, availability malaise). The most informative direct microscopic and bacteriological smears and conjunctival discharge with determination of susceptibility to antibiotics, as well as cytology smears with conjunctiva.
conjunctivitis treatment
Treatment is carried out by an ophthalmologist. Bacterial forms for treatment prescribed antibiotics in the form of drops (0.25% chloramphenicol solution, sodium sulfacyl). In the presence of copious discharge conjunctival sac washed furatsilina solution (1: 5000), potassium permanganate (1: 5000), as well as lay in his oletetrinovuyu 1% ointment (2-3 times a day in severe process, 1 time - when lung).
When treating viral forms administered human leukocyte interferon or interferonogen (pirogenal, Poludanum) in form of injections into the conjunctival sac of 6-8 times a day, as well florenalevuyu 0.5%, 0.05% and other ocular bonaftonovuyu ointment.
When conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia shown antiviral treatment and tetracycline antibiotics.
In the treatment of fungal forms topically infusions depending on the kind of fungus administered nystatin, levorin, amphotericin B et al.
Treatment of allergic forms include topical application of hormones (hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone), inside - antiallergic drugs (Claritin, telfast, Suprastinum, Tavegilum et al.).
Weather favorable; when involved in corneal process may decrease the visual acuity.
prevention
Prevention of conjunctivitis include personal hygiene and sanitary requirements in hospitals (Washing of hands and special processing 1% chloramine solution prior ophthalmic procedures, the use of the individual pipettes and et al.)
