Scarlet fever - an acute infection streptococcal originRelating to the category of children.
Scarlet fever appears complex typical manifestations, complications and the subsequent formation of a strong immunity.
Causes
The main cause of scarlet fever is a special type of streptococcus - beta-hemolytic (group A). This pathogenic microbe that lives in the nasopharynx or adult skin, it can cause purulent processes - sore throat, erysipelasAnd in children with primary infection enables the development of scarlet fever.
Children suffer more often from one year to 10 years, very often it happens in the autumn-winter period with a decrease in the overall immunity. Transmitted infections:
- droplets (coughing, sneezing, cry)
- contact (dirty hands, toys general)
- by food (microbes in the milk, food, juice).
Streptococcus infectiousness is high, and during epidemics in organized groups of up to 90% sick children.
Toddlers up to a year rarely get sick with scarlet fever due to the presence of maternal antibodies gradually disappearing closer to a year. Sick children are contagious from the first 21 days of illness.
Kinds
Group A Streptococcus, depending on age and location, may cause:
during primary infection in children scarlet fever,
when re-infection in children and adults, a sore throat,
when the skin infection - wound infection and erysipelas.
symptoms of scarlet fever
scarlet fever incubation period lasts from 5 to 7 days and therefore, children, and patients exposed to previously bolevshih, isolate the week for quarantine.
Prodromal period phenomena (premorbid symptoms) can last for up to three days and appears vagaries, lethargy, malaise.
The very height of scarlet fever appears sharply with increasing temperature to 38-40 degrees, the occurrence of headaches, chills, malaise, non-food. May be nausea and vomiting.
After 10-12 hours in the skin begins to exude a characteristic rash - it looks like a bright pink dots and spots on the skin reddened. More than anything rash expressed
- in the face,
- on the side surfaces of the body,
- in the groin folds of the skin,
- armpits and between the buttocks.
Photo: site of the Department of dermatology Tomsk Military Medical Institute
One of the typical signs of scarlet fever is the presence of the sharp contrast between the unaffected skin pale and bright red patches, and nasolabial triangle face free of scars, stands out from the blazing bright cheeks. The eyes are usually shiny due to a fever, and the very face of some puffiness.
One of the constant symptoms of scarlet fever is the development of a sore throat with a lesion of the soft palate, sharp enlarged tonsils, on the surface and inside the gaps formed by coating a white or yellow colors.
Very sore throat react to the lymph nodes - submandibular, of upper and BTE, they grow and become painful during palpation.
Scarlet fever rash starts to go through 3-5 days after her disappearance is not pigmentation. After 1-2 weeks the skin is detected peeling. First, peel of the neck skin and wrinkling, and then the whole surface. Particularly typical is the peeling of the skin on the feet and hands, which starts from the nail, spreading of the fingers and the palm above. On the palms and soles of the skin can climb round the thin layers.
Typical and change the language - at the beginning of the disease it is coated with white bloom, gradually purifying to the 2-3 day, and on the fourth day of illness becomes red intense color with a thickening papillae - "raspberry language".
In severe scarlet fever can be damage to the nervous system depression or agitation, delusions and impaired consciousness may be heart disease.
Through the timely use of antibiotics today are rarely severe forms of the disease. But scarlet fever can join an infectious-allergic kidney damage, heart or joints from the second week of illness. This usually happens with school-age children.
Photo: site of the Department of dermatology Tomsk Military Medical Institute
Diagnostics
diagnostic base - clinical picture with reference to the contact with a child suffering from scarlet fever, or an adult suffering from angina. Confirmation of the diagnosis carried out in the laboratory at a fence sowing streptococcus throat swab.
Differentiate from scarlet fever is necessary measles, Sore throat, roseola and other childhood diseases with the rash on the skin.
scarlet fever treatment
Scarlet fever is treated with a pediatrician or infectious disease at home or at a hospital in serious condition. The child is isolated from the other children, contact with a sick child isolated in quarantine for a week.
A child with scarlet fever is contagious need separate dishes, bedding and hygiene products. Bed rest is attributed to the duration of antibiotic treatment. Need light diet - warm, not annoying mashed food, drink only warm, hot impossible. It is necessary to drink plenty of fluids in order to reduce toxicity.
The primary antibiotics in the treatment of scarlet fever are penicillins, home use suspensions or tablets.
At an allergy to penicillin use erythromycin.
For reduction sensitization under the action of the streptococcus used antihistamines (Suprastinum, Tavegilum) requires the use of calcium, vitamins - especially ascorbic acid.
Angina scarlet fever treated using rinse solutions, sprays treated - bioparoks, miramistin, gesksoral, Tantum Verde. Apply herbs - a decoction of chamomile, calendula tincture, or sage.
Complications and prognosis
Major complications include development of infectious-allergic kidney lesions (glomerulonephritis), Heart or joints. With the introduction of antibiotics in practice complications are rare.
The average recovery occurs in 2 weeks, the prognosis is favorable.
