Cytomegalovirus (salivary gland disease) - this is due to certain changes in the cytomegalovirus the body, resulting in the critical periods of life - during pregnancy, in immunodeficiency, early infancy age.
In adulthood in otherwise healthy people, salivary gland disease can occur long time in a latent form, and the virus can remain in the body for a long time without showing clinical.
Diagnostics
Basis diagnostics - laboratory detection of cytomegalovirus or antibodies thereto in the blood.
Commonly used antibody level class definition IgM and IgG (Anti-CMV-IgM and Anti-CMV-IgG).
- If detected in the blood immunoglobulin M (IgM class antibodies are positive), it indicates an active infection and a fresh infection with CMV, which occurred in the next 2-3 weeks.
- Having only immunoglobulin G (antibody positive IgG) in the blood indicates the presence of cytomegalovirus in the body in an inactive phase - a carriage without activating infection.
- The appearance of blood in increasing amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG class antibody) said activation of the immune system and the immune response in the body.
- If the blood has both classes of immunoglobulins IgM and IgG - is an infection that developed about a month back or chronic active infection (according to the type of congenital cytomegalovirus, infection in patients with immunocompromised).
symptoms of cytomegalovirus
CMV infection in adults
Infection by cytomegalovirus in adults can occur under the guise of a cold hard character, in this case can be long runny nose and malaise, weakness, headaches and pain in the joints, increase in salivary glands lymph nodes.
Most often, the infection process is virtually imperceptible to humans.
In general, the severity of the disease will depend on the condition of the immune system - the flow can be from completely asymptomatic to severe generalized infection.
Cytomegalovirus in children
In congenital CMV infection in newborns
- may occur rash on the skin as small hemorrhages,
- can be either prematurityOr intrauterine development of the baby,
- severe jaundice may occur immediately after birth,
- development of chorioretinitis (inflammation of the retina and choroid)
- condition may be severe with lethality to 30%.
In children with congenital cytomegaly there is mental retardation or problems of vision and hearing.
In premature infants acquired CMV infection induces prolonged symptoms pneumoniaBecause joining a microbial infection. There may be a slowdown in the development of the physical manifestations of hepatitis, rash, or swollen lymph nodes.
Sometimes older children CMV infection induces symptoms similar mononucleosis. There are persistent symptoms of colds with sore throat, prolonged fever, chills and headaches, joint pain and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes and salivary glands area. This may be a rash on the skin, similar to rubella. It may sometimes be jaundice or a change in liver enzymes. Often there are complications with the development of pneumonia, but it usually takes a mild, sometimes only detected on X-ray.
Treatment
The presence of virus in the blood does not require any treatment, since in the inactive state, it represents no danger in healthy people.
In the presence of clinical manifestations or in pregnant high-risk groups held immunomodulatory therapy - candles viferona, Genferon.
When activated, show infection drugs acyclovir or ganciclovir, but apply it strictly under the supervision of a physician and blood tests due to the presence of numerous side effects.
When HIV infection cytomegalovirus treat drug foscarnet, but only in a hospital and under the control of blood electrolytes and blood. The drug is selected in individual doses.
Forecast
Cure for CMV is not yet described, the virus circulates in the blood for life. Activation of infection can last anywhere from 2-3 weeks to a few months, it all depends on the strength of the immune system.
When immunodeficiencies poor prognosis, as well as premature. In other cases, cytomegalovirus infection is a positive and mostly without symptoms.
Types of cytomegalovirus infection
Depending on the clinical manifestations of CMV infection can be:
- asymptomatic carrier state,
- congenital infection,
- acquired infection in the newborn period,
- mononucleosis course of infection,
- cytomegaly with immunodeficiencies,
- cold-like syndrome.
The causes and mechanisms of development
CMV infection is the result of infection with cytomegalovirus, got its name because of the ability to form in the body of a giant-sized cells.
Cytomegalovirus is common among adults to 30 years half the adult population are marked antibodies to CMV infection. Most of them are asymptomatic carriage or low-symptom manifestations of the disease. Activation of cytomegalovirus infection and the manifestation takes place in a special period of life characterized by physiological or pathological decrease in immunity.
This is possible:
- during pregnancy,
- in the neonatal period, especially in preterm infants
- with immunodeficiencies congenital and acquired nature,
- chronic infection of the lymphatic and immune system,
- in oncology,
- after organ transplantation or bone marrow.
Cytomegalovirus is not among the highly contagious infections, for transmission required numerous and prolonged contact. usually infected
- sexually (in all types of sexual contact)
- droplets (by sneezing and coughing)
- household (kissing, licking spoons and teats children)
- transplacental route (from mother to fetus)
- during transfusion (blood transfusion).
Contact cytomegalovirus in blood causes activation of the immune system and production of antibodies and the particular lymphocyte cells, allowing long suppress virus. But when immunosuppressed CMV infection induces symptoms.
