Squamous cell carcinoma is common not so much. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, Swelling can occur on any part of the skin, not only on the face. Squamous cell carcinoma is prone to metastasize. In 6% of cases of metastasis may affect nearby lymph nodes. Also, in rare cases, squamous cell carcinoma affects the lungs and bones. The occurrence of skin adenocarcinoma of sweat or sebaceous glands is also possible, but even rarer.
Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma begins to develop from the ulcer site or plaque.
- When ulcer form of squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by sharply elevated valikoobraznye edge surrounding the ulcer on the perimeter. Ulcer itself is shaped like a crater. From the source observed spotting characteristic odor. Neoplasm is progressing rapidly, increasing in width and depth.
- Node squamous cell carcinoma looks like a cauliflower. His broad base, and the surface uneven. Color tumors varies from red to brown. The very tight knot. On the surface erosion and ulcers are frequent. Squamous cell carcinoma is nodular progresses quickly.
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the plaque is characterized by its red color bleeding and the presence of small bumps on the surface. The consistency of thick plaques. The tumor spreads rapidly, first hitting the surface of the skin, and then the deeper tissues.
Their manifestation differs from squamous cell carcinoma basal cell carcinoma. Skin formations (tumors or ulcers) in SCC are increasing rapidly. Often there is pain due to infection.
If the cancer struck the scar, then there is its seal, and on the surface of the scar cracks.
In the zones of regional metastasis (in the groin, the armpit, in the neck) may cause dense, painless, mobile nodes. Later, they lose their mobility, become painful, fused with the skin.
Photo: site of the Department of dermatology Tomsk Military Medical Institute
Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma
In accordance with established disease stage, there are several Standard regimens skin cancer.
The principle of treating all types of skin cancer is the same and includes the following methods:
- ray;
- surgical;
- drug;
- cryosurgery;
- laser photocoagulation.
The choice of treatment depends on the histological structure of the tumor, stage of disease, the clinical form and location of the tumor.
radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is effective in skin cancer at a stage of treatment of the primary tumor and local metastases. Radiation therapy is effective in this case for the reason that by means of radiation damaged cell structure. This leads to the fact that the cells cease to divide and die.
Surgery
Surgical intervention is also used on the stage of treatment of the primary tumor and local metastases. This method of treatment for skin cancer used in the following cases:
- upon the occurrence of relapse after radiation therapy
- If skin cancer developed on the site of the scar
- if the primary tumor is large enough in size, surgical treatment of skin cancer are used as part of combination therapy
Surgical treatment is the excision of the tumor. The surgical treatment of skin cancer on his face, the principles of plastic surgery. If the tumor has metastasized to the lymph nodes, it shows the operation to remove them.
Chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma
The local chemotherapy (0.5% omainovaya, prospidinovaya, 5-fluorouracil ointment) is shown in the case of small size tumors and relapses in basal cell carcinoma. When skin cancer chemotherapy using drugs that prevent or promote proliferation of the tissue irreversible damage to cancer cells.
Laser destruction and cryotherapy
These methods are recommended for tumors of small size. In the treatment of skin cancer near the bone or cartilage destruction laser and cryotherapy is preferred.
Photodynamic therapy for squamous cell carcinoma
If the tumor is localized in the area of the eyes or nose, it gives positive results photodynamic therapy (PDT), as other treatments for skin cancer may have a negative impact on the lens of the eye and nose cartilages. Surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma in this area is difficult due to the complexity of the subsequent plastics.
The basic principle of photodynamic therapy is reduced to what is administered to the patient photosensitive substance (the photosensitizer), and after some time (up to 3 days) is irradiated with light of a specific length. Under the influence of the processes caused by the reaction of irradiation on the administration of the substance, the diseased cells are destroyed. An important advantage of PDT is that healthy cells are not exposed to the negative impact. Photodynamic therapy may be repeated many times in relapsed without side effects on the body.
This article is based on materials from the book "Oncology", AM 2006, the author - Sh.Kh. Gantsev Dr. med. Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of Russia.
Read also:
- Skin cancer
- Precancerous skin disease
- Hair matrix carcinoma
- Survey of suspected skin cancer
- Standard treatment of skin cancer