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Spine Osteoporosis: Symptoms, Treatment, Exercise

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The author - Chuklin Olga, general practitioner, internist. Work experience since 2003.


spine osteoporosis - a disease in which there is reduction in the density of the vertebral bone. As a result, it increases the fragility of the vertebrae, which can lead to fractures of the spine.

The emergence of osteoporosis are more prone to women.

The causes of osteoporosis

The disease develops as a result of pathologies associated with disorders of calcium metabolism. These include the following conditions:

  • thyroid disease (hypothyroidism; Graves goiter);
  • metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes);
  • adrenal pathology (Cushing's disease);
  • systemic disease of the joints (rheumatoid arthritis);
  • diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (since there is a disturbance absorption of calcium).

Also, there are a number of predisposing factors, in which the risk of developing osteoporosis increases dramatically:

  • alcohol abuse;
  • malicious smoking;
  • increased consumption of caffeine (strong coffee or tea);
  • small weight;
  • lack of physical activity;
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  • prolonged treatment with hormonal therapy (corticosteroids, thyroid hormones);
  • menopausal women (a decrease of female sex hormones);
  • genetic predisposition;
  • reduced the calcium content of the diet.

Rarer causes of osteoporosis - an imbalance between the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, bone-specific cells.

types

The following types of spinal osteoporosis:

  • postmenopausal osteoporosis appears in women in menopause;
  • senile osteoporosis develops in older persons are violated when work processes of osteoclasts and osteoblasts;
  • osteoporosis includes combined features of two types;
  • Osteoporosis, which developed as a result of other diseases, called secondary.

Symptoms of spinal osteoporosis

In the initial stages of the disease, bone fracture when low, osteoporosis can develop without any overt signs (I degree osteoporosis). Indirectly, the onset of the disease may say such features as brittle nails, excessive hair loss, persistent dryness of the skin.

In the future, with the growth of bone destruction appears first symptom - pain in the back. At the beginning of aching pain occur after intense exercise (osteoporosis II degree).

With the progression of the disease is the destruction of the vertebrae, in this period, the pain becomes severe. Pain syndrome becomes permanent, and not only after physical exertion.

There is a decrease of human growth is associated with a reduction in height of vertebrae, their "subsidence" (III osteoporosis degree).

Is the formation of disorders of posture:

  • slouch;
  • amplified spinal lumbar bending;
  • forming humps.

IV stage of osteoporosis is rare - it is characterized by extreme neglect. At this stage, the patient is usually unable to move and serve themselves.

Osteoporosis is often manifested compression fractures of the vertebrae, which are accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • there is a sudden severe pain in the spine;
  • even with minimal movements are amplified pain;
  • When the superficial palpation of the back area of ​​the spine occurs in severe pain.

Sometimes the diagnosis of osteoporosis occurs only in the case of vertebral fracture.

Diagnostics

First of all, inspect therapist, rheumatologist.

On examination can reveal clinical symptoms and preliminary diagnosis.

Then assigned doobsledovanie using instrumental and laboratory methods for diagnosis.

1. X-ray of the spine in several projections. Can be identified:

  • increasing the transparency of the bone tissue of the vertebrae;
  • reducing the height of the vertebral bodies;
  • deformation of the vertebral bodies;
  • fractures of the vertebral bodies.

2. Densitometry of the spine bones to evaluate bone density. This method is also used to diagnose osteoporosis and to assess the treatment.

3. Magnetic resonance and computer imaging performed for more accurate diagnosis and assessment of changes.

4. Assess the calcium content, alkaline phosphatase in the blood (for osteoporosis calcium level is lowered, and alkaline phosphatase increased).

5. Conduct research level thyroid hormones, Sex hormones.

6. If necessary, the survey is conducted to identify comorbidities that could lead to the development of osteoporosis.

Treatment of osteoporosis of the spine

The goal of treatment is

  • increase bone density,
  • Normalization of calcium metabolism,
  • removal of the pain syndrome,
  • prevention of complications.

Therapy for osteoporosis requires long complex treatment.

Diet and treatment at home

Proper nutrition in osteoporosis carries one of the key workloads. Failure to comply with the diet treatment efficacy decreases significantly. A stage I osteoporosis is likely to be cured at home without having to medicamentous preparations.

The basis of good nutrition in osteoporosis - are products with a high content of calcium.

  • Displaying the daily consumption of dairy products (cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt), fish oil-rich.
  • Avoiding alcohol consumption, and smoking;
  • Decrease in food diet of meat and the complete elimination of caffeine.

Learn more about nutrition in osteoporosis - in our a separate article.

Daily physical exercises.

There is a set of exercises to strengthen the spine. The first lesson is best done with an instructor in physical therapy. Most of the exercises are carried out in the supine position.

Regular massage courses to help improve blood supply to the spine, and strengthen the muscles of the back.

drug therapy

It is carried out in several ways:

  • the use of calcium - calcium-D3 Nycomed, Miokaltsiks, calcium gluconate (taken in order to quickly make up for the level of calcium);
  • D vitamins to increase calcium absorption (Akvadetrim, vigantol);
  • conducting hormone replacement therapy for women when indicated (estradiol, estriol);
  • adjuvants work osteoblasts (ossin);
  • drugs that slow down the processes of bone fracture - bisphosphonates (e.g., Aklasta) miokaltsik.
  • used as analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nimesulide, meloxicam, ketorolac).

Physiotherapy performed to improve blood circulation, removal of pain syndrome. Apply the following types of physiotherapy:

  • magnetic therapy;
  • ultrasound with hormonal therapy;
  • electrophoresis with novocaine;
  • laser therapy;
  • mud therapy, paraffin therapy.

Complications and consequences of osteoporosis

The most serious complication of osteoporosis - a fracture of the spine. Most often, there is a compression fracture, it develops when the load on the spine. In advanced cases, stage III-IV fracture may develop under the weight of his own body.

With multiple fractures, surgical treatment - vertebroplasty.

In order to prevent fracture patients recommended preventive measures:

  • Avoid heavy physical exertion, especially those related to weight lifting;
  • do not go out at ice;
  • holding regular wear corsets;
  • Avoid long vertical load on the spine.

The consequences of the development of the spine fracture can cause patient disability. A patient with severe prevalent vertebral fractures can be chained to the bed.

prevention

For the prevention of osteoporosis should be performed following the recommendations, especially in the elderly:

  • daily consumption of foods rich in calcium or calcium supplementation;
  • exclusion from the diet, too much coffee, alcohol;
  • Daily moderate exercise;
  • maintaining a normal body mass index;
  • control the level of calcium in the blood and holding densitometry in menopausal women and men over 55 years.
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