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Toxemia of pregnancy: dates, symptoms, treatment

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The author - Sozinova AV practicing obstetrician-gynecologist. Experience in the specialty since 2001.


Toxemia of pregnancy can hardly be called a disease, but it is characterized by many symptoms, the occurrence of which is due to poisoning by toxins, which are beginning to be synthesized in the body of the expectant mother in the development of it embryo / fetus.

This condition - the most common complication pregnancy in the first trimester. Mainly at a toxicosis suffer central nervous and cardiovascular systems, as well as metabolism.

Toxicosis not always occur during pregnancy, lack thereof - rather a good sign rather than negative, and shows a good mental and physical health of the woman.

dates toxicosis

The aging of toxicosis pregnant isolated

  • early toxicosis (in the first 3 months of gestation)
  • late toxicosis, which is called preeclampsia (Developed in the II and III trimester of pregnancy).

Testing of early toxicity symptoms of a woman begins with 5-6 weeks, but the earlier characteristic signs indicate the presence of any pathology, as up to 21 days the egg and the uterus do not yet have a general blood flow.

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Allocate a rare form of early toxicity:

  • ptyalism or drooling;
  • dermatosis pregnant (skin reactions);
  • bronchial asthma;
  • tetany (seizures);
  • osteomalacia (softening of the bones process);
  • acute yellow liver dystrophy.

the degree of toxicity

Depending on how hard it occurs early toxicosis, it is divided into 3 degrees:

  • mild - vomiting frequency does not exceed 5 times a day, the total weight loss for this form of toxicity are not pregnant more 3kg;
  • toxemia of average weight - there is vomiting up to 10 times a day, a woman loses weight 3kg approximately 2 weeks, the general condition of suffering;
  • severe degree of toxemia of pregnancy - the number of retching up to 25 or more times per day, there is a significant loss body weight (10 kg or more), the overall condition is severe, there is dehydration, can develop kidney and liver failure.

Causes

The exact causes of toxemia during pregnancy have not been established, beyond doubt is one thing - the development of the ovum in the woman's body causes the appearance of toxicity. Currently, there are several theories that explain the emergence of this disease, but each in isolation does not help to reveal the entire mechanism of this condition:

hereditary theory

Adherents of this theory suggest that early toxicosis is caused genetically. If the nature of an expectant mother's matrilineal relatives suffered from this condition, it is likely to develop it and it.

hormone theory

All blame hormones that begins to produce an early gestational age. In particular, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), placental lactogen, and, of course, progesterone. Drastic hormonal changes lead to a deterioration of the condition and state of health of women, but about a 8-14 week body "get used" to the new way of hormones.

immunological theory

The essence of this theory is reduced to the fetal incompatibility (in particular paternal fetal cells) and the mother, seeing it as a foreign object.

Psychological theory

Based on psychological unpreparedness, strong desire, or on the other hand, the reluctance of pregnancy.

vegetative theory

Followers of the autonomic theory believe that with the onset of pregnancy the body are increased load on all organs, to which he is not ready, hence the existence of early toxicity.

Most often predispose the appearance of toxicity:

  • common chronic diseases, especially of the digestive tract,
  • emotional lability women
  • multiple pregnancy,
  • endocrine pathology,
  • poor nutrition, Difficult working conditions,
  • woman's age (older than 30 and younger than 18).

Symptoms of toxicity in powers

The characteristic features of the described condition are:

  • nausea or mild nausea;
  • altered mental status (quick change of emotions, irritability, nervousness, tearfulness);
  • salivation;
  • intolerance to certain foods or odors;
  • addicted to certain foods and smells;
  • drowsiness;
  • fatigue and lethargy;
  • decreased appetite.

mild

As a rule, pregnant worried in mild nausea of ​​early toxicity only in one degree or another, one or two these signs and vomiting in the morning.

The woman's condition does not inspire fear, pressure and heartbeat is normal, physiological skin color and elasticity.

The average degree of

In moderately severe toxicosis nausea continues almost all the day, vomiting may be up to 10 times per day, the food hardly retained deteriorating general condition of the pregnant woman.

Reduced blood pressure, quickens the heartbeat, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, and weight loss of up to 3 kg in 2 weeks.

Severe morning sickness

Severe toxicity is accompanied by uncontrollable vomiting which exhausts pregnant. This is the most dangerous form.

Pregnant eats nothing, expressed dehydration leads to a decrease in skin tone, a sharp drop in pressure, insomnia or constant sleepiness, depression develops or complete apathy.

Severe form of toxicity threatens the health of women, so often raised the issue of abortion.

Diagnostics

Differential diagnosis of early toxicity should be undertaken with gastrointestinal diseases tract, and liver and pancreas, especially if the pregnancy reached 14 or more weeks.

When skin itching, which occurs in the case dermatoznoy forms toxicity it must be differentiated from diabetes, fungal infections, allergic reactions. Tetany differentiate with paratireozom.

Diagnosis of early toxicity is easy. Of additional research methods used:

  • Ultrasound examination of the uterus - to clarify the duration of pregnancy and the presence of a viable embryo;
  • OAK and OAM (A decline in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hematocrit, Hemoglobin, leukocytes increases due to blood clots; acetone in urine is present, protein, its density is increased);
  • Biochemical analysis of blood (protein reduction, increased creatinine and urea, liver enzymes increase).

toxicosis treatment

Treatment of early toxicity assigns an obstetrician-gynecologist.

mild treatment

Mild condition does not require hospitalization and is observed as outpatients. Women give detailed recommendations:

  • fresh air, preferably in a park area;
  • ventilation of the room before going to bed;
  • food should be consumed frequently, for 5-6 times a day, but the portions should be small;
  • eating preference second dishes;
  • renounce the use of fatty, fried and spicy dishes;
  • you should not force yourself to eat if it is not like a dish;
  • after each meal desirable rest reclining position is not less than half an hour;
  • morning, immediately after waking up to eat crackers, dried fruit or biscuits, which should be prepared in advance, on the bedside table;
  • abandon carbonated beverages;
  • with always have a light "snack" (cookies, nuts or dried fruit) and a bottle of water diluted with lemon juice.

Also easy step recommends aromatherapy gomeopreparaty, massage and herbal therapy.

How to eat at a toxicosis 1 trimester - in this article

Treatment of moderate to severe toxicity

Medium heavy toxemia being treated in a hospital.

Assigned infusion therapy (glucose solutions with ascorbic acid, Ringer's, saline), sedatives (valerian, motherwort) and antiemetics (metoklopromid).

Pregnant women with severe hospitalized in the intensive care unit, where all monitored vital signs, and carry out intensive treatment.

Treatment continues to improve the condition of the woman.

Consequences and outlook

Early severe toxemia can lead to multiple organ failure and even death.

Mild to moderate toxicosis can trigger the occurrence of preeclampsia in the future.

Forecast favorable in most cases.


Some studies in pregnancy

  • Smears during pregnancy.
  • Tests during pregnancy by trimester.
  • Ultrasound during pregnancy.
  • Urinalysis in pregnancy.
  • Coagulation.
  • Installing pessary.
  • Glucose tolerance test.
  • Homocysteine ​​in pregnancy.
  • Amniocentesis.
  • Anesthesia during childbirth.
  • Fetal CTG (cardiotocography)
  • Cordocentesis.
  • Epidural anesthesia during childbirth.
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