Giardia (giardiasis, giardiasis) - human parasitic infection that often occurs as an asymptomatic parazitonositelstvo; It can manifest violation of the gastrointestinal tract function and biliary dyskinesia.
Pathogen - flagellate protozoan Giardia parasites in the small intestine and biliary tract. The host organism exists in vegetative form and in the form of cysts allocated out with the faeces.
Giardiasis is widespread. Source giardiasis - an infected person or animal. The main route of infection - the ingress of dirt into the mouth through a stained hands, toys, food and water.
Giardiasis recorded among all age groups, the main contingent - pre-school children. Giardia cysts permanently stored in the external medium (2-3 months).
The probability of developing the disease depends on the virulence of the pathogen (the degree of possibility of infection), infectious dose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and the immune status of the individual.
Giardiasis develops after penetration into the intestine of several (up to 10) cysts. In humans, they reproduce in large numbers (may be on 1 cm2 of the intestinal mucosa to 1 million and more lamblia).
Vegetative forms parasitic on the upper surface of the mucosa of the small intestine, disrupting digestion.
symptoms of giardiasis
When giardiasis violated processes of absorption of fats, carbohydrates and vitamins. The bile ducts giardia die quickly under the action of bile.
Frequent detection at their duodenal intubation due to exposure to Giardia duodenum walls. However, due to violation of the biliary tract motility facilitates connection of secondary bacterial infections.
The incubation period - 1-3 weeks.
evidence acute form of giardiasis:
- diarrhea lasting from 5-7 days to several weeks,
- body mass reduction
- signs of chronic intoxication (blue under the eyes, headache, fatigue).
- unformed stool, oily, fetid
- flatulence.
Adolescents often dominated by biliary dyskinesia symptoms:
- stomach ache,
- liver enlargement,
- constipation.
In young children quickly formed impaired intestinal absorption syndrome (not metabolize sugar, fats, and vitamins) with the addition of allergic reactions.
Some patients may self-healing.
The chronic form of giardiasis occurs in the form of periodic exacerbations, characterized by abdominal distention, diarrhea, pain in the epigastric region
Diagnostics
- duodenal intubation
- Detection of Giardia in the feces.
In acute forms of the parasite begins with the release of 5-7-th day of illness.
In chronic forms of allocation of cysts is periodic, therefore, to confirm the diagnosis is recommended to carry out the study feces at intervals of 1 week for 4-5 weeks
treatment for giardiasis
Recommended diet with limited fat, sweet and dairy products (Giardia reproduce well in a sweet environment).
Medications therapy giardiasis
- Mepacrine for 5 days for adults 100 mg three times. / Day., Children at 2 mg / kg 3 times. / Day. (Up to 300 mg / day.)
- Metronidazole for 5 days for adults 250 mg three times. / Day., Children, 15 mg / kg / su. in 3 doses
- Tinidazole for 7 days adults of 2 g / day. mono-, children 50-60 mg / kg / day. in 3 doses
- Furazolidone for 7-10 days for adults 100 mg of 4 times. / Day., Children 6 mg / kg / day. 4 admission
Forecast
Untreated chronic giardiasis occurs. Most patients respond to treatment within a few days. In cases of immunity and recurrent course of cure reach a repeated course of treatment with another drug.