Lymphadenitis called lymphadenopathy due to their different nature of inflammation - specific or non-specific.
Thus there is an increase in one or more nodes in one region of the body, and in several areas. Lymphadenitis common phenomenon accompanied by inflammatory symptoms - headaches, fever, malaise.
Causes
Lymphadenitis can be divided into:
- specific, caused by specific types of pathogens - These include lymphadenitis tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, Anthrax or plague, tularemia or actinomycosis.
- nonspecific caused by the usual microbial flora. Typically, these are caused by lymphadenitis streptococcus, staphylococcus, A gram-negative pyogenic flora that enters the lymph nodes of festering wounds, boilsInfected skin lesions, ulcers of the internal organs.
Lymphadenitis often occur as a result of inflammation in the oropharynx at angina, Adenoids, flu, scarlet fever. Lymph nodes can increase infections during childhood - rubella, mumps or diphtheria.
Importations into the lymph nodes may occur:
- by contact with the direct nodal involvement,
- lymphogenous way, from infected organs
- hematogenous route (with blood) from nearby and distant organs.
For small wounds and local processes commonly observed regional lymphadenitis, inflammatory response in the lymph nodes, the lymph collecting this zone. At extensive and general infections lymphadenitis may be total.
The mechanism of occurrence of lymphadenitis
Lymph nodes - a kind of biological filter for the infection, which can penetrate into the space of the skin or damage the internal organs.
Lymph nodes are filtered inside the particles disintegrated tissue, microbes and their toxins, resulting in an inflammatory response and an increase in lymph node size. In this case, often the primary tumor at the time of the increase, and suppuration of lymph nodes are already fully heal.
On the one hand - swollen lymph nodes and inflammation - the body is an attempt to dissociate itself from the spread of infection throughout the body, but on the other hand - the concentration lymph node infection with the organism its inability to quickly overcome - is the formation of excess focus microbes, forming ulcers and the possibility of the spread of these infections deep into the body.
Often, the development of specific infections in the lymph nodes infection and inflammation may be a long time, sometimes up to months and years.
Most often affects lymph nodes in the head, neck, armpits, at least in the groin, behind the knees or elbows. Sometimes there lymphadenitis deep intra-node is called mezadenitom.
Kinds
Prevalence can be a single lymphadenitis, regional lymphadenitis and total lymphadenitis.
According to the current duration of lymphadenitis is an acute and chronic.
The allocated three consecutive stages during the acute lymphadenitis:
- Bluetongue (s redness, vasodilation in the node region)
- hyperplastic (node with increasing size, impregnating its plasma)
- pus (purulent formation within the assembly cavity).
Certain embodiments lymphadenitis isolated fibrinous necrotizing hemorrhagic and species.
symptoms lymphadenitis
The acute form
Acute lymphadenitis manifested increase in lymph nodes and tenderness in a particular region or across the body. Typically, lymph nodes in the initial stages of inflammation can easily probe may be detected inflammation around blood vessels in the lymph node area, lymph nodes are mobile enough.
When suppuration lymph nodes dramatically compacted, are highly painful to the touch, having a general plan effects - fever, headache, symptoms of toxicity.
Around lymph node occurs erythema and edema, blurred contours node, lymph node soldered to surrounding tissues, the movement in this zone bring pain. As the accumulation of pus and meltdown fabrics marked movement pus within a node. If there is no surgical treatment, abscess in the node can break out or deep tissues.
Complications can be phlegmon tissues, fistulas, thrombophlebitis veins, Sepsis development.
The chronic form
Chronic lymphadenitis stale - lymph nodes are enlarged, nearly painless, dense, but moving under your fingers. Lymph stagnation may occur due to dysfunction of nodes and to form a sclerosing limb edema or nearby tissue.
Diagnostics
A superficial lymphadenitis diagnosis is not difficult, but it is necessary to identify the cause and degree of clinical manifestations. It is more difficult to determine the reasons for the development of abscesses and abscesses.
The differential diagnosis is carried out with phlegmon lymphadenitis, purulent atheromas or osteomyelitis.
It is more difficult to determine the causes of chronic lymphadenitis - commonly used needle biopsy site with the study of tissues.
Lymphadenitis in chronic form to be distinguished from malignant diseases of the blood, sarcoidosis, Mestastazirovaniya tumors to lymph nodes.
In severe cases, an ultrasound, X-ray contrast, computer research sites.
lymphadenitis treatment
Initial stages lymphadenitis treated conservatively, creating a rest area for lymph node is performed fiziolechenie prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics or specific therapy with the pathogen, used vitamins.
If formed purulent abscess, Carried out his surgical dissection, removal of pus and necrotic areas, prescribe antibiotics detoxification.
In chronic processes performed by the method of activation of inflammation, inhibition of infection using antibiotics and active physiotherapy. When treatment is carried out specific processes of the main disease.
