Sarcoidosis - a benign systemic disease, which belongs to the group of granulomatous processes, affects the individual tissues the body, selectively localized in the pulmonary system, the skin, the eyes, salivary gland, heart or kidney disease, at least in other organs and tissues.
Basically sarcoidosis suffer them young people, often women. A typical process is for Asians and African-Americans rarely get sick Scandinavians and Germans.
Up to 90% of cases of sarcoidosis falls on respiratory organs with lesions of the lung tissue and adjacent lymph node, the remaining 10% is divided between the skin, visual analyzer, liver, spleen and other bodies.
Causes
Sarcoidosis is considered a disease with unknown causes, since no theory does not give a complete picture of the development of the disease.
Some doctors assign a major role in the development of sarcoidosis tuberculosis bacteria, Histoplasma capsulatums spirochete and simple. Also highlight the role of genetic factors as identify familial cases of sarcoidosis. Some scientists pay attention to immune mechanisms in connection with exposure to microbes, viral infections, chemicals or dust and soot.
Sarcoidosis is not contagious, the patient does not present a danger to others.
You can trace the relationship of the disease with professional interests - chemists, agricultural work, fire service, medicine, working in the laboratories. The relation of smoking.
The progression of sarcoidosis leads to the defeat of the respiratory system with the formation of breathing disorders and the further involvement of other organs.
Kinds
According to X-ray studies are three types of sarcoidosis:
- sarcoidosis first step of a two-way, asymmetrical lymphadenopathy.
- sarcoidosis second degree with bilateral common lesion of the lung tissue and lymph node.
- Sarcoidosis of the third degree with marked sclerosis of lung tissue, but no increase in lymph nodes. This is already a serious disease with respiratory failure.
Sarcoidosis is isolated as in the acute stage, the stage and in the stability in the regression step.
symptoms of sarcoidosis
The first symptoms of sarcoidosis -
- malaise, weakness, anxiety and fatigue,
- weight loss due to loss of appetite,
- night sweats, fever, trouble sleeping.
With the defeat of the thoracic lymph nodes in some patients have no symptoms, others may be chest pain and joint pain, weakness, cough, fever, nodules on the skin with redness.
It can be extended at the lung roots prostukivanii thorax.
Further progress sarcoidosis gives
- cough,
- chest pain with shortness of breath, with lots of dry and wet rales,
- lesions of the skin and eyes, lymph nodes and bones.
Can be a pain in the joints. Gradually, signs heart and pulmonary disease, emphysema.
Diagnostics
The basis of the diagnosis of sarcoidosis:
- changes in blood tests, which reveal an accelerated ESR with leukocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytosis,
- changes in protein profile in a blood test,
- characteristic data of X-ray, CT scan, with enlarged lymph nodes, lung sclerosis symptoms,
- Kveim positive reaction (formation of a special red nodule with the introduction of sarcoid antigen).
- at bronchoscopy sarkoidoznogo signs of changes in the respiratory system, lymph node enlargement, sarcoid plaques and bumps warts,
- sarcoidosis histological features in tissue samples taken during bronchoscopy.
Distinguish sarcoidosis from tuberculosis need to lymph nodes, malignant lung lesions, emphysema and other respiratory failure etiology.
sarcoidosis treatment
The treatment takes tuberculosis and pulmonology.
In the initial stages of sarcoidosis can only be monitored during the six months since the frequent spontaneous remissions of the disease. In need of treatment in severe cases of sarcoidosis apply prolonged courses of therapy:
- steroids (prednisone and analogues)
- anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, ibuprofen)
- immunosuppressants (rezohin, delagil)
- antioxidants (vitamins A and E).
Hormones administered with high doses for three months or more, the dose is gradually reduced as the improvement and gradually go from hormones. If hormones are poorly tolerated, it is an intermittent therapy.
In sarcoidosis shows a special diet with salt restriction and increased levels of protein products rich in potassium. Showed reception metabolic steroids (retabolil, Nerobolum), potassium preparations.
It may also be shown hormonal therapy inhalants - polkortalonom in combination with indomethacin.
Dispensary observation patients are up to five years, even after treatment.
Complications and prognosis
The most frequent complication of sarcoidosis - a pulmonary emphysema, bronchial obstruction syndrome, pulmonary heart syndrome and respiratory failure.
On treatment may leave from six months to two years or more, not all patients can be cured fully.
Prediction sarcoidosis depends on its shape and flow.
