Campylobacteriosis - intestinal infection, which is characterized by a primary lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, is often accompanied by allergic reactions.
Pathogen campylobacteriosis belongs to the family of enteric bacteria.
Campylobacter produce two types of toxin.
Campylobacter is resistant to low temperatures, can long persist and multiply in the foods at low concentrations of oxygen contained in them (the products in sealed shell). When boiling die within a few seconds. Sensitive to the action of conventional disinfectants.
The causative agents of campylobacteriosis are widespread in nature. They are found in soil, water, isolated from the body of many animal species. However, the main source for humans are agricultural animals, birds, rodents. A sick person as the source of infection is much less important.
The main route of infection - the food. Much less water and infection is transmitted through everyday contact and. transmission factors often are meat and meat products, poultry, milk, water.
The disease occurs in all age groups, but especially in children under the age of 5 years. In adults, campylobacteriosis is more common among rural residents, persons professionally connected with animal husbandry and poultry, as well as registered in tourists visiting developing a "traveler's diarrhea" countries. The most susceptible to Campylobacter in immunocompromised persons.
The disease is recorded throughout the year, but the seasonal rise in incidence in the summer months.
The incubation period ranges from 1 to 10 days, usually 2-5 days.
manifestation of campylobacteriosis
Campylobacteriosis begins acutely: chills, fever up to 38-39 ° C, headache, weakness, pain in muscles and joints. In 50% of patients, these symptoms last from a few hours to two days, and only then there gastrointestinal symptoms. The other half of patients with signs of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract appear at the very beginning of the disease. Most of them are permanent cramping abdominal pain and loose, watery, foul-smelling stools from 5 to 10 times a day. Some patients are nausea and vomiting. 2-3-day sickness in the stool detected an admixture of mucus and blood.
The duration of the disease from 2 to 15 days. Along with benign smooth over there heavy, complicated forms of the disease.
The disease can also be complicated by the development of infectious-toxic shock, myocarditis, pneumonia and etc.
Diagnostics
Decisive in establishing a definitive diagnosis is bacteriological and serological methods. Diagnosis is confirmed by isolation of the pathogen from the faeces, lymph node.
treatment of campylobacteriosis
Drugs of choice for the treatment are Trichopolum (metronidazole) 0.25-0.5 grams 3 times per day or 0.25-0.5 g of erythromycin 4 times a day or other macrolides (midecamycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin et al.), and the fluoroquinolones. In severe cases of campylobacteriosis, including the common forms of the disease, using a combination of drugs: macrolides (Rovamycinum), aminoglycosides (netromycin) and metrogil.
The duration of therapy depends on the shape of campylobacteriosis. When localized it is 7-14 days, with frequent - at least 14 days.
Prediction and prevention
The prognosis of campylobacteriosis in most cases, except septikopiemicheskoy form favorable.
Prevention is to eliminate infection in animals, permanent sanitary surveillance of food and water, control of technological processing mode and storage of food.
