Pseudotuberculosis - intestinal infection, characterized by lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Pathogens are a family of intestinal bacteria.
Pathogens are widely distributed in nature: they are found in soil, water, isolated from the body of many animal species. However, the main reservoir of the pathogen in nature are apparently small rodents, which are contaminated with Various objects of the environment, food, water, facilitate the spread of infection to other animals.
Another reservoir is soil pathogens pseudotuberculosis. Man, as a rule, the source of infection is not.
The main route of transmission - the food. By disease transmission factors include vegetable meals (salads cabbage, carrots, etc.) And dairy products, edible without prior heat treatment.
Water transmission path has a minimal value, normally it is realized in the use of water from open water.
The disease occurs in all age groups but is more common in children during the first years of life. Pseudotuberculosis Peak incidence occurs during the spring months (March-May).
manifestations pseudotuberculosis
The incubation period ranges from 3 to 21 days, while at iersinioza just 1-7 days,
Pseudotuberculosis begins acutely: arises chills, body temperature rises to 38-38,5 ° C.
Patients worried about the headache, weakness, pain in muscles and joints.
Simultaneously with the intoxication syndrome, nausea, in some patients - vomiting, abdominal pain, cramping, or that are permanent.
Localization of pain - in the epigastric region, around the belly button to the right lower abdomen, sometimes in the right upper quadrant.
Chair liquid, viscous, with a pungent odor.
In some patients with involvement of the colon process in the stool detected an admixture of mucus, sometimes blood. Stool frequency from 2-3 to 15 times per day.
Duration of disease from 2 to 15 days.
In the first week of the disease the skin of patients with dry, hot, puffy face.
Marked conjunctival redness.
Often, especially in children, is determined by the pale nasolabial triangle.
Among the cardinal signs pseudotuberculosis relates appearance "hood" (redness of the face and neck), "glove" and "socks" (limited redness of the hands and feet).
These symptoms appear most frequently on the 2-4 th day of illness.
The duration of the rash is 1-7 days. After her disappearance, from the 2nd week of illness, most patients appear defurfuration skin of the trunk, face and neck and plate (leaf-shaped) skin peeling palms and soles.
Language, surrounded the first few days of illness with white bloom, often to the 5-7 th day is cleared and becomes crimson.
Diagnostics
Crucial in the diagnosis are the specific methods of diagnosis - bacteriological and serological.
The main materials for bacteriological examination are feces, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph nodes and study of the appendix.
To determine the presence pseudotuberculosis antigen in feces and other material using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
The rapid diagnosis pseudotuberculosis used Phragmites with immunoglobulin diagnosticums and BFA.
Some importance in the diagnosis has also histological study of biopsies of the lymph nodes and other organs.
pseudotuberculosis treatment
For the treatment used antibiotics, sulfonamides and chemotherapy.
The duration of therapy depends on the form of the disease: the localized form, it is 7-10 days, generalized - at least 12-14 days.
pseudotuberculosis treatment also provides for the appointment of detoxification, fortifying, stimulating and desensitizing agents.
In some cases, the use of glucose-electrolyte and polyionic solutions for rehydration.
According to testimony carried out surgical treatment.
prevention
Prevention pseudotuberculosis includes monitoring of the vegetable stores, control of rodents, as well as sanitary-hygienic measures on food enterprises and catering department: compliance with the rules of transportation, storage, preparation and realization of foodstuff, permanent sanitary surveillance of water supply.
