Amblyopia - a decrease in visual acuity of one or both eyes. Amblyopia occurs both without apparent reason, and because of various eye diseases and abnormalities. The disease is often complicated by the fact that the poor can be corrected or not corrected at all.
The causes of amblyopia
If the image is blurry, double vision, blurry or difficult to see, the eye as the visual analyzer, off from work - this is the basis of amblyopia.
There are two types of amblyopia:
- Primary, which is formed in the womb as a result of violations of the right formation and growth of the eyeball.
- secondary occurring during the lifetime due to the formation of various ocular pathologies.
The reasons for amblyopia secondary options that depend on the disease, which results in getting off of. The reasons for this are many:
- prolonged clouding of the lens, so called amblyopia of obscure.
- amblyopia in children often occurs as a result of strabismus. Cockeye transmits incorrect information to the brain, because of what the images do not match, vision double vision and an imbalance occurs. The brain turns off the visual work of the affected eye.
- amblyopia due to the difference in vision in their eyes, when adequately performed, and the correction of the image with different eyes do not match.
- amblyopia due tsvetoslepoty due cones anomalies, it is always two-way.
Types of amblyopia may be combined in various embodiments.
the degree of amblyopia
Divided four degrees of amblyopia:
- extremely high level with a level of more than 0.04,
- high degree with a level of 0.1 to 0.05
- average degree with a level of 0.2 to 0.3,
- weak degree with the level of 0.4-0.8.
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symptoms of amblyopia
When errors of refraction (myopia, Farsightedness or astigmatism), The flow can be asymptomatic, especially in children. Typically, such detect amblyopia in children after three years. Amblyopia can be formed if:
- with farsightedness difference in vision more than 0.5 dioprty,
- with astigmatism difference of more than 1.5 diopters,
- with myopia - 2 diopters.
Deactivated usually worse seeing eye.
Amblyopia with a decrease in vision in both eyes equally occurs when:
- 8 diopters of myopia over,
- 5 farsightedness diopter
- astigmatism over 2.5 diopters.
Amblyopia can not be felt by the patient and is not corrected glasses can be broken of dark adaptation, color perception is suffering, can form a convergent or divergent strabismus.
diagnosis of amblyopia
Diagnosis and correction of amblyopia holds ophthalmologist. Shows the definition of visual acuity on the tables, holding perimetry, the study of color vision, eye biomicroscopy, tonometry and definition of dark adaptation.
In the presence of squint angle is determined by its method and Hirschberg sinaptofore.
Carry out inspections of the eye of the day with dilated pupils, eyes examine the transparency of media, perform electroretinography and retinal neurons of the state of the critical flicker fusion.
If necessary, carry out ultrasound and computed tomography eyes, consult a neurologist.
amblyopia treatment
amblyopia treatment is necessary, otherwise the outcome would be blindness. Held or spectacle vision correction lens, laser treatment, especially in patients with severe vision decrease. In secondary amblyopia eliminate the cause - correct ptosis century, eliminate cataract, correct crossed eyes.
When used in children strabismus occlusion technique - zaklejki eye alternately, first lead, then to the extent of correction mowing followed pleoplastikoy.
Widely used hardware and treatment of amblyopia - Ambliokor, Panorama, FEM, ASO-stimulation.
The prognosis of amblyopia
In children, the forecast is favorable, it is possible a full view of correction for adults prognosis is unfavorable.
The development of the eyeball and the visual analyzer occurs in childhood and adolescence, so the treatment of amblyopia is most effective up to about 12 years of age.
