Rotavirus infection is caused by a virus of the same name.
This disease is also called rotavirozom, rotavirus enterocolitis, gastric or intestinal flu (the latter name is due to the coincidence of outbreaks of rotavirus infection with influenza epidemics).
Rotavirus infection is characterized by seasonality, the most frequently diagnosed in the winter-spring period (December to May). Outbreaks caused by poor ventilation of premises, rare wet cleaning and the duration of close contacts of a large number of people in the room.
This disease affects both adults and children, but the latter is more severe. It is believed that the age of 5 years each child suffered rotavirus infection. In adults, the severity of the disease affects the immune system, in the case of weakening (AIDS, cancers, some medications) disease is more severe.
transmission path
The main mechanism of transmission of rotavirus is fecal-oral.
Most people infected with the virus according to ingestion of contaminated water, which is largely due to the constant lowering of untreated wastewater into surface waters.
Of food the most dangerous in terms of transmission milk and dairy products, although it is possible and infection through unwashed vegetables and fruits.
Contact-household transmission mechanism is more often observed within the same family or in places of collective human habitation (dorms, apartments).
Do not rule out the airborne route of penetration of rotavirus in the body: when you cough, sneeze, which is especially important for children's groups.
Symptoms of rotavirus infection
The incubation period is 1-5 days, but more often - 2-3 days. Acute period lasts 3-4 days (12-24 hours initial phase, phase height 2-3 days). the recovery period lasts 4-5 days. The final recovery occurs within 7-10 days.
Rotavirus infection in infants
The infection in children is acute onset: sharp temperature rises to 38-39 ° C, there is vomiting, diarrhea.
Chair while the disease has distinctive features. On the first day it yellow, watery, then acquires gray-yellow color and glinoobrazny view.
Also for rotavirus characterized by lesions of the upper respiratory tract. Runny nose, marked redness of the mucous of the soft palate, palatal handles, a uvula. In mucosal changes in children are more common than in adults.
Appetite is reduced or absent. Vomiting occurs immediately after a meal, but perhaps her appearance and on an empty stomach (mucus).
The child complains of abdominal pain. On dehydration indicate characteristic features:
- drowsiness, lethargy, confusion state;
- crying without tears;
- dry lips and mouth;
- the laxity of the skin;
- refusal to drink;
- vomiting immediately after the liquid consumption.
Rotavirus infection in adults
As a rule, the disease occurs in adults without a significant increase in temperature, severe vomiting or diarrhea.
The patient marks weakness, lack of appetite, but possibly asymptomatic disease.
In severe rotavirus infection is observed:
- expressed intoxication;
- severe weakness;
- weakness;
- apathy;
- reduced blood pressure as a result of the development of cardiovascular disease:
- reducing the amount of urine, which is detected and abnormal protein precipitate;
- watery stools, more than 16 times a day;
- vomiting repeatedly.
Diagnostics
It should be distinguished from rotavirus infection food poisoning, Cholera, salmonellosis, iersinioza. To this end, a differential diagnosis.
The diagnosis is based on clinical data for positive results of laboratory analyzes.
It is mandatory to do coprogram. When infected with rotavirus antigen in feces detected rotavirus infection.
blood on the overall analysis also gives up. The serum antibodies are (but only after recovery).
Treatment of rotavirus
Treatment of rotavirus infection in children and adults is an infectious diseases doctor.
Specific therapy rotavirus does not exist. The main activities are aimed at preventing dehydration.
Dehydration therapy in mild disease course is to appoint a plentiful drink. Eat liquid should be often, but in small portions, so as not to provoke vomiting.
Furthermore, it is necessary to diet restriction of carbohydrate (sugar no more than 40g per day) and increasing amounts of protein. Total calorie diet lowered to 2400Kkal.
Not recommended for vegetables and fruits in large quantities, are completely excluded milk and dairy products. Babies who are bottle-fed appointed lactose-free mixture.
To restore the water-salt balance is shown receiving rehydron. Also apply chelators that remove virus and toxins from the body:
- smectite;
- Activated carbon;
- enterosgel.
Appointed by the reception of digestive enzymes:
- festal or
- Oraz;
- solizim;
- somilaza
At high temperatures in children (above 38 ° C) effective tsefekon rectal suppositories. For the same reason children and adults prescribed paracetamol and ibuprofen.
When expressed pain syndrome may be hired shpy.
With significant gastrointestinal disorders appointed Enterofuril.
In the event of additional bacterial infection antibiotics are shown. In addition, you should take baktisubtil that restores the normal intestinal microflora.
Complications and prognosis
Rotavirus infection is a risk of significant dehydration, which can be fatal.
The prognosis for treatment of rotavirus favorable condition lasts no more than 10 days and ends recovery.
* This article is written according to the Federal methodological recommendations of rotavirus infections, which have not changed since 1989.
* Also, you can be useful standard specialized care for children for gastroenteritis viral etiology for 2012.
