Platelets - anuclear platelet-shaped cells, which strengthens blood vessels, form blood clots at the site of damage, absorb foreign bacteria. The reduced number of these cells leads to the appearance of disease. Platelet rate in children varies depending on age.
How to determine the number of
To determine how many platelets in the child, spend the KLA. This analysis is important for all kids. To study the blood mainly taken from the finger. In infants can take blood from the heel. PLT blood analysis is the concentration of platelets. Analysis is carried out campaign, t. E. Even healthy children. Binding of platelets in the blood test is conducted in a child, if he has a disease that can affect the change in the number of these cells.
To analyze readings were correct, you need to prepare baby to the procedure:
- Donating blood is necessary in the morning and on an empty stomach. This affects the rate of formation of platelets.
- The last meal should be 12-14 hours before the procedure.
- It is forbidden to excessive physical activity.
- 7 days before the study is necessary to stop taking any drugs.
- It is important to mentally prepare your child. Stress affects the production of blood cells.
For more details check the coagulation system using coagulation. It is necessary to establish the cause of disorders of the circulatory system. In addition, it is carried out before appoint drugs that affect coagulation function and blood formation. Coagulation is a comprehensive research, including study of 9 to 13 platelet characteristics.
Which affects the amount
Among the diseases that affect the amount of platelets in the blood are isolated:
- viral infection;
- anemia;
- spleen diseases, liver, thyroid gland;
- leukemia;
- immune diseases;
- tuberculosis;
- heart failure;
- measles;
- syndrome thrombocytopenic purpura.
Platelets in children is also influenced by heredity. In addition, cell level can vary as a result of taking the drugs (as a side reaction). In girls, the rate of platelet cells in the circulatory system drops during menstruation, changes to become more chaotic during the day. The reason may be a wrong diet and vitamin deficiency. Doctors often can not figure out the cause of the PMT changes in the blood.
age norm
The norm in blood platelets in children varies with age. To determine the rules drawn up a special table for age:
| Age | Norma PLT in blood, thousand. U / l |
| in infants | 170-420 |
| 1-2 years | 170-390 |
| 3 years | 165-360 |
| 5 years | 165-375 |
| 6 years | 160-380 |
| 7-10 years | 160-375 |
| 10-13 years | 165-390 |
| 13-15 years | 160-400 |
platelet norm in children is determined by a separate table to a year:
| Age in months | Number, thousand. U / l |
| newborn | 160-480 |
| 1-3 | 170-450 |
| 3-6 | 180-420 |
| 6-12 | 180-405 |
The norm in children over the age specified for a healthy baby. The slightest change in the health condition can cause increased or decreased platelet values.
Abnormalities
If the platelet count is normal, it is stored in the body balance education and destruction of fragments.
The main function of platelets - stop bleeding.
Changes in the level of these elements leads to a weakening of blood clotting or thrombus formation increased. The normal variation in cell number of 5-10% within 24 hours. platelet levels in the blood affects the following functions:
- accumulation of substances which accelerate the growth of blood cells;
- freedom from foreign organisms;
- obstacle inflammatory processes;
- acceleration of tissue regeneration using cell splitting.
Lack element results in a partial implementation of these functions. Increasing randomness, t. To. The cells can not withstand the load and collapse. Overabundance leads to over-fulfilling the functions. Blood flow is deteriorating, because the entire circulatory system begin to form clots.
thrombocytopenia
When blood platelets are few in the child begins to develop a dangerous pathology - thrombocytopenia. The disease was often found in newborns. Disease manifested most often in the winter or spring. The causes of thrombocytopenia:
- anemia;
- tuberculosis;
- leukemia;
- poisoning;
- acute viral infection;
- severe stress;
- an allergic reaction to a variety of foods and drugs;
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- Infectious mononucleosis;
- hemolysis.
The most common disease is triggered by viral infections, mononucleosis, and aplastic anemia. Diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, herpes, impair blood clotting. If mononucleosis lymph nodes become greater, which increases the spleen. Anemia adversely affects the formation of blood cells.
When thrombocytopenia observed:
- Poor blood clotting.
- Bleeding gums during brushing.
- Frequent bruising due to capillary fineness.
- Bruising due to the rubbing of clothing.
- Acquisition of urine red.
- Feces with blood clots.
- When receiving solid foods is a risk mucosal damage, resulting in internal bleeding.
Symptoms and treatment of children and adults are almost identical. However, children are more susceptible to disease, the pathology they develop more quickly. The first symptoms often are the nasal and oral bleeding, rash. Rashes first appear in the lower limbs, eventually moving on the child's hand. Painful symptoms is there, so many people do not give it much importance.
thrombocytosis
It appears as a figure in excess of the norms of platelets in children. Children around the age of 6 months are often exaggerated figures, but it does not mean that they are sick. Such indicators are caused by increased physical activity and cuts teeth.
The primary cause of thrombocytosis - a bone marrow disease. secondary:
- leukemia;
- infection (ARI, influenza, hepatitis);
- allergies to medications;
- erythremia;
- iron deficiency;
- spleen diseases;
- liver disease;
- anemia;
- Hodgkin's disease;
- primary thrombosis.
Thrombocytosis is characterized by severe symptoms, but they occur in the later stages:
- gums bleed.
- Increased spleen size.
- Disturbed urination.
- Appear hematoma.
- It begins bleeding from the mouth and nasal cavity.
- Possible internal bleeding in the digestive organs.
- Discomfort in the kidneys.
- Itching and redness on the skin.
- Insomnia.
- Dizziness.
- Lethargy and apathy.
Furthermore, during examination revealed the presence of thrombi. This symptom suggests neglected diseases. Thrombus may be in the superior vena cava. This causes the subsequent edema of the head, neck and upper part of the sternum. The clot formed in the inferior vena cava, causes swelling and pain in the legs. Blood clots in the arteries can become a cause of hypertension, changes in skin color and its subsequent numbness.
How to normalize
With reduced levels of platelet elements is recommended to observe dietary food. You can not use the following products:
- ginger;
- hot spices;
- chocolate;
- pickled vegetables;
- pickles;
- cranberries;
- laminaria;
- tomatoes;
- cucumbers;
- cranberries;
- Red grapes;
- watermelon.
Dietary diet should include:
- corn;
- buckwheat and oatmeal;
- cabbage;
- nuts;
- beef liver;
- fish;
- apples;
- parsley;
- briar;
- dill.
Sometimes pathology goes away (with stress, some allergic reactions). In most cases, treatment is based on eliminating the causes, t. E. primary disease provoked a decrease of platelets. This operation is required at need.
When thrombocytosis (elevated level) can not eat foods:
- banana;
- cabbage;
- briar;
- Garnet;
- mango;
- Walnut.
To reduce the rate of production of blood cells administered special drugs - cytostatics and plateletpheresis procedure. The child is required to appoint a diet that consists of the following products:
- beets;
- ginger;
- lemon;
- garlic;
- dairy products;
- tomatoes;
- sour grapes;
- seafood.
Because the most common cause of the disease is the lack of vitamins, the platelets to maintain the child will normally balanced diet.
