Platelets, along with red blood cells and white blood cells are formed elements of blood. Otherwise, they are called white blood platelets. They prevent blood loss in case of damage to the vessel. Platelet aggregation (sticking), which leads to the formation of a clot. The rate of platelets in the blood of men and women, everyone should know. Deviation from it may indicate a dangerous pathology (leukemia, infections, bone marrow involvement).
Function and value for the male body
blood platelets perform the following functions:
- provide normal microvessels walls;
- promote the formation of primary thrombus;
- promote the release of substances into the bloodstream, constricts blood vessels (vasoconstrictors);
- participate in the formation of a fibrin clot;
- involved in tissue repair;
- controlled local inflammatory responses and participate in the formation of immunity.
In the absence of an adequate number of platelets in an adult male can hemorrhagic syndrome (manifested bleeding and hemorrhage), which leads to anemia.
How to analyze
platelet count defined in general process (clinical) blood test. This is a mandatory study. The young men and older men for analysis using venous or capillary blood. In the first case the biological matter is taken from the cubital vein. Health worker puts a tourniquet on the forearm broken limbs, treats the skin in the elbow area of alcohol and inserts a needle into the vein.
In the second case, the blood taken from the finger. Fleece wipe the puncture site with alcohol and make a small incision with the help of pricking. Blood taken capillary (glass tubing). platelet level in the blood is determined by several methods. Used techniques such as Fonio method, count cells in the grid and Goryaeva Burker chamber, fluorescent microscopy, and electron-automatic phase contrast techniques.
Reagents needed for analysis, stabilizers, equipment and glass containers. The tube is made of ammonium oxalate and the patient's blood, mixed and subjected to incubation. The contents were placed in a Goryaev chamber and placed into a petri dish with moistened filter. After settling the number of platelets counted in 25 squares. Take the average value from 2 cells and this value is multiplied by 1000. For further analysis of citrated blood obtained value is multiplied by 10%.
How much should be normal
In men over 50 years of age and under 40 years of platelet value may vary. The average rate of 180-320 * 109 / L.
| Age man | Platelet content in normal (* 109 / l) |
| 16-25 | 180-380 |
| 26-35 | 180-400 |
| 36-60 | 180-340 |
| more than 60 | 180-320 |
After 60 years and 70 years in the number of white cells is slightly reduced, due to the aging of the body and decrease the function of bone marrow.
Causes and treatment of abnormalities
Reduction of platelets to 130-150 * 109 / L and below is called thrombocytopenia, and exceeding the upper normal - thrombocytosis. The reasons may be physiological and pathological (due to lesion of organs and tissues).
increase
Why reduced platelets in men, the rate and methods of treatment do not know everything. Thrombocytosis causes are:
- Splenectomy. Cells live an average of 7-11 days. Destruction of their happening in the spleen. In the absence of the organ cells accumulated, but their function is quenched. Splenectomy (splenectomy) may be required for its fracture, open wounds, thrombocytopenic purpura, Cancer, hematological malignancies, cysts, tuberculosis, heart and portal hypertension.
- Systemic diseases (rheumatism). Change of platelets occurs during acute illness. Along with thrombocytosis, have symptoms of cardiac disease and the joints, erythema, and subcutaneous nodules. Analysis reveals an increase of C-reactive protein, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, and disruption of the heart. Treatments include corticosteroids (prednisolone), NSAIDs (indomethacin, ibuprofen), immunosuppressants and sanitation foci of infection.
- Tuberculosis. The basis of treatment is the use of antituberculosis drugs (ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, rifampicin).
- Abscesses. Antibiotics and necropsied ulcers with subsequent drainage. If necessary the infusion therapy.
- Osteomyelitis. The disease is characterized by lesions of the bone marrow and destruction of bone tissue. Conducted antibacterial, detoxification and transfusion (transfusion of blood components) therapy.
- hemolytic anemia. Along with an increase in platelet marked increase in free hemoglobin, the presence of hemoglobin in urine, lowering of erythrocytes and reticulocytes increase. The causes of anemia are intoxications, autoimmune pathology, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis, hepatitis, and infection (such as malaria, toxoplasmosis). Treatment involves removal of the etiological factors, the use of anticoagulants (heparin, Fraksiparina), folic acid, prednisolone, potassium and immunosuppressant drugs.
- Iron-deficiency anemia. Characterized by the synthesis of hemoglobin abnormalities due to iron deficiency. Causes include chronic blood loss, malabsorption syndrome, lack of iron in the diet and increased the need for this element. Treatment includes applications of iron preparations, strict diet (liver enrichment menu meat and sources of vitamin C). are laboratory signs platelet increase, Decreased hemoglobin and iron, and poikilocytosis microcytosis.
- Malignant neoplasms (cancer). Therapies include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation.
- Fatigue (intensive exercise).
- Erythremia (polycythemia). Neoplastic disease from the group of chronic leukemia characterized by excessive production erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes, increasing the bcc (blood volume) and higher hemoglobin. Platelets are raised to the initial stage and eritremicheskoy. Chemotherapy (used Myleran, Hydroxycarbamide), eliminating iron deficiency and increased blood flow.
- liver disease.
- chronic myelogenous leukemia. This tumor blood disorder in which there is uncontrolled division of blood cells. Assays detect elevated levels of platelets, white blood cells, decrease alkaline phosphatase, a large percentage of immature cells and increase LDH. Thrombocytosis observed in the chronic phase and acceleration. Treatment involves the use of drugs hydroxyurea and alpha-interferon, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant.
- Overweight.
- Injury.
- Alcohol abuse.
decrease
If there are deviations from the norm platelet men to lower values, the possible causes include:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus. Along with the reduction of platelets, have symptoms of skin lesions in the form of erythema, signs of arthritis, and disorders of the heart and kidneys. Analyzes reveal thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and lymphopenia. Treatment involves stem cells, immunosuppression, followed by administration of stem cells, a change in lifestyle and corticosteroids.
- Nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
- aplastic anemia. Results from aplasia and hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the red bone marrow. It appears anemic and hemorrhagic syndromes. The reasons are as follows: reception myelotoxicity of drugs (cytostatics, anticonvulsants, tranquilizers, anti-thyroid agents), viral infections. Treatment includes applications Cyclosporine Sandoz, bone marrow transplant or stem cell transfusion (transfusion platelet and RBC, leukocytes).
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Characterized by impaired production of clotting factors. Therapy involves transfusions of blood and plasma components, an infusion therapy, the use of antifibrinolytics (aminocaproic acid).
- Chronic myelogenous leukemia (end stage).
- Erythremia (anemia step).
- Incompatible blood transfusion.
- Blockage of the renal vein thrombus.
- Irradiation.
- Hemolytic disease of newborn.
- Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.
- Rickettsial disease.
- Genetic mutations.
- Hereditary anomalies (Meia Hegglina, Wiskott-Aldrich, Bernard-Soulier).
- Admission furosemide and indomethacin.
Often thrombocytopenia observed in metastatic carcinoma, acute leukemia, myelofibrosis, and megaloblastic anemia.
