Cogwheel adenoma is a benign neoplasm of polypoid character having a propensity to malignancy, which means that degeneration of malignant tumor. Location is only possible in those areas where there is glandular epithelium. As a rule, the main localization area becomes any of the sections of the colon.
Toothed colon adenoma itself is not cancerous process, however, it becomes prerequisite to it due to the characteristic features of different degrees of dysplasia in surface regions tumor.
There are two main grade dysplasia severity:
- The initial degree. Changes will be distributed quickly enough, but they are limited to cells lining the basal sections.
- The advanced degree or higher degree. The changes affect the mucous membrane, resulting in its structure are beginning to appear the first signs of cancer.
According to statistics, serrated adenomas intestines make up about 17.5% of all cancers localized in the proximal intestine, so doctors agree that the education of this type should be possible once removed. Earlier serrated adenoma of the rectum for a long time watching, because it was thought that it did not pose a serious threat with constant monitoring and treatment.
After the global morphological study in which patients used biological material was found that of all the possible types of adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps in the colon, serrated adenomas accounted for about 9%. This figure shows a sufficiently high frequency to identify them, but a heavy degree of epithelial dysplasia in patients participating observed in 11% of all identified in the study of cases namely toothed adenoma. This figure is significantly increased to 35% in those cases when it comes to multiple polypoid formations larger than 2 cm.
Endoscopists distinguish two main types of gear adenomas:
- sedentary;
- classic.
Sedentary form is flat, slightly rising formations which can be both regular and irregular shape, covered with a yellowish thick mucus and intestinal bordered contents.
A traditional or classic look - a polypoid formation on the stem or on a narrow basis. Adenomas of this type branches are krupnodolchatuyu structure, bright pink and covered with thick white mucus.
symptoms
As a rule, at a very early stage to identify the disease is almost impossible, so timely diagnosis of adenoma is often random in nature. But with the growth of tumors, especially after they reach twenty millimeters diameter, begin to show the first symptoms of the disease, which include:
- discomfort and pain during a bowel movement;
- heaviness in the abdomen;
- mucus in the stool;
- blood during bowel movement;
- anal itch;
- instability regular chair;
- sensation of having a foreign object in the intestine.
With further Pumping adenoma narrows the lumen, resulting in an obstruction and a precipitating factor other diseases in the body.
Diagnostics
Suspicion of adenoma diagnosis should be carried out, which includes a complex variety of methods. But first, be sure the doctor performs a digital rectal examination to rule out or confirm diseases such as hemorrhoids, anorectal fistulae, proctitis and other pathological conditions straight intestine. For diagnosis it is necessary to pass the following tests:
- Endoscopy (allows you to explore the 12-duodenum, and all parts of the large intestine);
- sigmoidoscopy (detects polyps and 30 cm in depth);
- irrigoscopy (identifies small polyps to 1 cm);
- colonoscopy (an alternative method of barium enema).
Additionally, it may also be assigned to histological examination. When the diagnosis other than toothed adenomas can also be found the most common types, which include tubular and villous adenoma.
Treatment and prevention
adenoma treatment is always carried out surgically, because the conservative therapy does not give the desired results. Prior to the operation of any one person can not say what the nature of the detected tumors, as cancer can develop hidden within the tumor itself. That is why the prognosis of colon adenoma gear will depend on the results of the study of the sample taken. After removal of the doctor produce toothed adenomas patient will be assigned to drug therapy.
Since the main cause of the polyps are overweight, chronic bowel disease, bad habits, poor nutrition, stress, sedentary lifestyle, sleep mode, The use of toxic substances and the like, the main preventive measures should be aimed at keeping healthy lifestyle and timely treatment of indolent chronic diseases, especially those related to gastrointestinal tract.
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