Diseases Of The Hair
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Scar alopecia: Causes, description, treatment

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Baldness is always a great challenge, both for female and for male. Among the many forms of disease, scar alopecia is characterized by the proliferation of small and takes up only 3% in the niche of patients with alopecia.

A distinctive feature of the disease is irreversible destruction of hair follicles with scarring portion due to proliferation of connective tissue fibers. Pathology affects both sexes at any age, but is more common in women after 40 years.
Alopecia cicatricial nature is characterized by the absence of malignant course, that is, hair loss lesions do not increase, and occupy only a certain area. Variants of the clinical course can be a huge amount, and in some cases such Alopecia is a sign of severe primary nosology. However, treatment of this disease remains ineffective. Only in rare cases, doctors can achieve a noticeable improvement.
The pathological process when cavity cicatricial alopecia depends on the reason that caused it. This kind of disease is one of the few where one can clearly trace the cause-and-effect relationship. The fight with hair loss should be the appropriate therapy the underlying pathology, so how to get rid of scars is unlikely to succeed.
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The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease

Cicatricial alopecia is a pathology polietiologichesky character. Cicatricial alopecia reason may be the following groups of factors:
  • genetic abnormalities (abnormal development of follicles, ichthyosis, abnormal development of the skin of the head, and so on);
  • and specific infectious diseases accompanied by inflammatory symptoms (tuberculosis, syphilis, leishmaniasis, psoriasis, lichen, SLE, and others);
  • mechanical damage to the scalp certain areas (trauma, burns, chemical exposure).
Hair loss at the scar alopecia can be caused by two types of changes in the skin: the formation of coarse layers of connective tissue or atrophic changes. Thus the development of the disease takes place in several stages. First, there is a specific or nonspecific damage to the skin with the activation of inflammatory mediators. Then there is a fresh wound closure, pinkish granulation.

The last step is the proliferation of connective tissue with lack of blood vessels inside. Such scars are raised above the skin and do not disappear over time.



The main forms of scar alopecia

Depending on the specific clinical and etiological factor secrete several forms, which may be characterized scar disease:
  • infiltration of lymphocytes. The primary form of alopecia, which may be a manifestation of lichen planus or lupus. The pathology occurs in the form of classical alopecia Brock follikuliruyuschego keratosis, mucinous lesions or central nosology.
  • infiltration of neutrophils. This type of primary pathology is represented by three species: aseptic nodes on the scalp folliculitis Kvinkvada cellulite Hoffman.
  • Mixed infiltration. Primary form cicatricial alopecia, which may be a manifestation of mycosis or pustular dermatosis. This also includes keloid inflamed follicles.
  • fibrotic disease. In this case the hair loss is accompanied by scleroderma, burns or radiation injuries of the scalp, lichen sclerosing.
  • Scarring. Baldness separate areas of the head where developed bullous dermatosis, bacterial or parasitic infection. In this category are the scars after tick bites.
  • Damage infiltrating nature. Deprivation of hair due to amyloidosis, sarcoidosis or lymphoma mastocytic.
To choose the right form of alopecia, it should be a good understanding of the specific features of each etiologic factor. Therefore, do it yourself, it is impossible without a medical education.

Clinical manifestations of disease

There is no generally accepted features of the course of scar alopecia. Polymorphism manifestations caused by a large number of reasons that cause the problem. In women, alopecia scar is noticeable faster than men, and also causes great inconvenience. Depending on the causes of baldness, the following features may be present clinic:
  • inflammatory processes (always);
  • progression can be either gradual or one-stage;
  • subjective sensations of pain, itching, burning is not always the case;
  • appearance of redness and edema;
  • peeling characteristic only for some diseases.
The main symptom of scar alopecia - lack of hair at the site of damage of the skin of the head.

diagnostics Features

In most cases diagnosed alopecia scar formation after the final manifestation. In the initial stages difficult to assume the outcome of an injury, so patients survey presents some difficulties.
The basis of diagnosis in alopecia cicatricial nature are Trichogramma and scalp biopsy. The first study to evaluate features of scalp at the site of lesion and in healthy portions. Also the doctor finds out the state of the bulbs, degenerative changes rods and total hair density.
All patients underwent a biopsy that is, a small piece of fence material with the affected area. During histological examination can accurately establish the form of alopecia and confirm the presence of scarring or atrophy.

Principles of treatment of alopecia cicatricial character

Modern medicine has not yet developed sufficiently effective treatment cicatricial alopecia. Doctors still do not know how to restore the irreversible destruction of the follicles, so patients can not expect a full recovery. The main purpose of therapeutic interventions for this is to prevent the progression nosologies scarring. However, achieving this effect is possible only with timely treatment to the doctor.
The basis of treatment is alopecia eliminating the underlying disease. Treatment is carried out sufficiently potent drugs, among which are corticosteroids. Dosages outer and systemic application also exceed the standards used for alopecia. However, this treatment does not provide hair restoration. only way out of this situation is the transplantation of hair follicles in the affected area. As for alternative medicine, its use in this case is not recommended and even dangerous.
For the treatment of scar alopecia on the affected areas of transplanted healthy follicles taken from other areas. However, it is likely that the graft does not take hold because of poor blood supply to the area. So often, doctors prefer to first remove the scar itself to improve future forecasts for the patient. But even these measures do not always help restore the hair on the head.

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