White blood cells called white blood cells that are involved in maintaining the human immune system. These include lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils (stab and segmented).
These cells in the body perform the following functions:
- an indicator of inflammation;
- phagocytose (absorb) foreign agents (microbes);
- bind toxin proteins (eosinophils);
- prevent platelets from sticking together.
The rate of white blood cell count in men everyone should know.
How shall Analysis
Counting the number of leukocytes in men it is conducted in the clinical (total) of blood analysis. The material is deoxygenated (taken from the cubital vein broken arm) or capillary (taken from a finger) blood. The analysis is recommended to take in the morning on an empty stomach. can not be in front of the fence material smoke, drink alcohol and nervous.
Blood is taken from the finger after the pretreatment of the skin with a cotton swab with alcohol. If necessary, for better discharge of blood held massaging movements from the base of the finger to the free edge. The material in the majority of cases taken from the unnamed (four fingers) inoperative upper extremity. It is a disposable puncture needle (lancet). The first drop of blood is not taken, and clean cotton swab. Then, using a glass tube (capillary) take the necessary amount of blood and send it to the laboratory.
Adults often taken venous blood. To do this, the patient is seated on a chair, his hand placed under the pillow elbow down. Then placing a tourniquet. His loose ends need to look down, and loops - top. Man must work with his fist for blood pumping. Using needles pierce vein in the elbow of the left hand (left-handed use right hand) and withdraw material. The needle is advanced through the vein almost parallel to the skin.
To determine the number of leukocytes using a counting method using Goryaev camera. Increasingly, special automatic analyzers are used. Doctor measure the right amount of blood dilutes it counts the number of white blood cells in the cell and makes the conversion to 1 ml of blood. The designation is held at 9 degrees.
To conduct the study will need:
- acetic acid solution and the dye (methylene blue);
- tubes or mixers with a wide lumen;
- Goryaeva camera;
- microscope.
what is the norm
At 40 years old and younger men the rate of leukocytes 4-9 * 10 to the power / liter. The proportion of each type of white blood cells is indicated as a percentage. A healthy man should be the right balance of all types of white cells. After 50 years and 60 years content is 20-40% lymphocytes, basophils - 0-1% monocytes - 1-9% eosinophils - 1-5% segmented neutrophils - 45-70%, stab - 1-6% of young - no more than 1%.
| Men age (in years) | leukocyte content * 10 9 degrees / l |
| 12-18 years | 3,5-8 |
| 18-25 years | 4-9 |
| 25-40 years | 4-7 |
| over 40 years | 3-7 |
The causes of variances
The excess of normal white blood cell count is called leukocytosis, and a decrease - leukopenia. Leukocytosis in adult men may not always indicate disease. The reasons may lie in the physiological state of the body, and poor lifestyle choices.
elevated white blood cells
Causes leukocytosis can be:
- Strenuous exercise (weight lifting, exercise).
- Meal before donating blood.
- Features of Human Nutrition (predominance of meat products).
- Human Exposure to high or low temperatures.
- Vaccination. Response is the body reaction in response to the entering of attenuated microorganisms and proteins.
- Infectious diseases (angina, mononucleosis, intestinal infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis).
- Dermal inflammatory disorders bacterial (pyoderma).
- Acute surgical pathology (peritonitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis).
- Infarcts organs (heart, lungs, kidneys).
- Benign and malignant tumors.
- Inflammatory diseases of the internal organs.
- Malignant diseases of the blood (leukemia). When these cells in the blood are increased as a result of a violation of hematopoiesis process.
- Severe blood loss.
- Infectious pathology (systemic connective tissue disease).
- Burns a large area.
- Non-microbial nature of poisoning.
- Receiving systemic corticosteroids.
- Allergic reactions.
- Traumatic brain injury.
- Uremic coma.
- Radiation sickness.
- Hemorrhagic stroke.
- Polycythemia vera. Characterized benign course and increase in the number of blood cells (erythrocytes, platelets, and neutrophils).
- Dystonia.
- Stress.
reduced white blood cells
If white blood cells are reduced in men, the reasons for this may be:
- brucellosis;
- tularemia;
- typhoid fever;
- poisoning with arsenic and benzene;
- HIV infection;
- acute viral disease (SARS, influenza, hepatitis);
- aplasia (underdevelopment) of bone marrow;
- enhanced feature spleen (hypersplenism);
- tuberculosis;
- secondary immunodeficiency (compared to measles, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, rubella, fungal infections, parasitic and protozoal infections, kidney failure, thyroid dysfunction, treatment with cytostatics and immunosuppressants, chemotherapy).
Additional tests for deviations
In identifying leukocytosis or leukopenia may additionally need:
- virological testing;
- inoculation material on nutrient medium;
- serological assays (ELISA);
- polymerase chain reaction;
- blood chemistry;
- general urinalysis;
- parasitological studies;
- ultrasound;
- CT or MRI;
- scintigraphy;
- ECG;
- analysis for tumor markers;
- cytological analysis;
- biopsy;
- X-rays;
- endoscopy;
- bone marrow examination.
Treatment
If white blood cell count not OK, the treatment scheme will depend on the underlying disease. Medicines appointed on the basis of contraindications.
leukocytosis
When leukocytosis on the background of bacterial infections are appointed by the broad-spectrum antibiotics (protected penicillins, macrolides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems). In bronchopulmonary disease (pneumonia and bronchitis) effective Amoksiklav, Augmentin, Sumamed and ceftriaxone. In urological diseases preparations 1 lines are fluoroquinolones (Tsiprolet, nolitsin).
operation may be required for appendicitis and cholecystitis. In the case of acute bacterial infections, when the symptoms of intoxication are observed along with leukocytosis (Fever, muscle aches, headache, fatigue, chills), shows detoxification (infusion therapy, blood purification). In the case of anticancer drugs (Leykeran, Cyclophosphamide, endoxane) lymphocytosis on the background of leukemia appointed. Additionally required transfusion of blood components, taking prednisolone and radiotherapy (if chronic leukemia).
leukopenia
When leukopenia amid viral infections are shown antivirals (acyclovir, Zovirax, Valtrex, Famvir, Panavir, Ribavirin, Ergoferon, Tamiflu, Ingavirin) and immunostimulants (Likopid, trekrezan, Immunorm, Grippferon). In the case of HIV-infection effective Epivir, Amiviren, Lamivudine, Zidovudine, Viro-Z, Nevirapine and Ritonavir-100. When leukopenia on a background of bone marrow aplasia may need to transplant marrow or stem cells.
